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Research progress on high adaptability of pathogenic fungi to drugs
LIN Yuru, HU Qiaoling, WANG Xinrong, LU Renyi, WANG Yan, CHEN Li
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202510030
Abstract(452) HTML(230) PDF (1252KB)(4)
Abstract:
Fungal infections have emerged as a critical public health issue endangering human health. However, the existing arsenal of antifungal agents is limited in diversity and is commonly plagued by drawbacks including a narrow antimicrobial spectrum and the frequent emergence of drug resistance, which severely compromises the efficacy of clinical treatments. Pathogenic fungi can develop extensive adaptability to currently available drugs through multiple mechanisms, which are mainly manifested in three aspects: drug resistance, tolerance and persistence. The molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways underlying drug resistance, tolerance and persistence in pathogenic fungi were systematically summarized in this review, and the counteractive strategies such as combination therapy and the development of novel antifungal agents were further discussed, which aimed to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for the precision treatment of fungal infections.
Differential analysis of saponins in Platycodon grandiflorus from different origins based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry
ZHANG Tingting, HUANG Jingjing, LIANG Jinglei, PANG Tao, ZHANG Feng, CHEN Wansheng
In Press  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202506026
Abstract(444) HTML(208) PDF (2143KB)(13)
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  Objective  To establish a highly efficient and sensitive technical system for the identification and analysis of platycodin-type saponins, and to systematically compare the differences in platycodin-type saponins among Platycodon grandiflorum from different producing areas, so as to provide scientific references for the screening of high-quality Platycodon grandiflorum resources, authenticity evaluation, and construction of standardized quality control systems.   Methods  A total of 45 batches of P. grandiflorum medicinal materials from 3 producing areas（Anhui, Henan, and Jilin, with 15 batches per area）were selected as research objects. Qualitative identification and semi-quantitative analysis of saponin components were performed based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS）technology. Meanwhile, two multivariate statistical methods, principal component analysis （PCA）and partial least squares-discriminant analysis （PLS-DA）, were combined to analyze the differences in platycodin-type saponins of Platycodon grandiflorus from different producing areas.   Results  A total of 28 saponin components were identified from Platycodon grandiflorus of the three producing areas. PCA results showed that there were minor differences in platycodin-type saponins between Henan Platycodon grandiflorus and Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus, while Anhui P. grandiflorum exhibited significant differences from both. PLS-DA further screened 15 major differential compounds. Among them, the contents of 6 components including 3''-O-acetylpolygalacin D2 and platycodin H in Anhui Platycodon grandiflorus were higher than those in Henan and Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus; platycodigenic acid A had the highest content in Jilin Platycodon grandiflorus; the contents of platycodin D3, polygalacin J, and polygalacin D were relatively higher in Henan Platycodon grandiflorus.   Conclusion  This study clarifies the characteristic differences in core components of Platycodon grandiflorus from the three major producing areas, which provides an important theoretical basis for the screening of high-quality Platycodon grandiflorus resources, elucidation of the mechanism underlying its authenticity, and construction of a standardized quality control system.
Advances in reno-protective effects of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of hyperuricemia
ZHOU Xiaoting, DUAN Yu, LI Xingyuan, LIU Qin, LIU Aijun
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202507029
Abstract(1150) HTML(499) PDF (1333KB)(13)
Abstract:
Hyperuricemia （HUA） is a common metabolic disorder characterized by persistently elevated serum uric acid levels, leading to uric acid-related renal injury through complex mechanisms involving inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. Key traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） formulas （e.g., Simiao Powder, Tongfengning） and individual herbal compounds （alkaloids, flavonoids, polysaccharides） with urate-lowering and renal protective properties were systematically summarized, including their mechanisms of regulating uric acid transporters （OAT3, URAT1, GLUT9）, inhibiting inflammatory responses （via NF-κB signaling）, reducing oxidative stress （via mitochondrial pathways and antioxidant enzyme enhancement）, and attenuating renal fibrosis （via PI3K/AKT signaling）. The challenges of current studies mainly focus on unclear mechanisms of action and insufficient clinical research. Future research may further explore TCM resources, clarify dual-action mechanisms of urate reduction and renal protection, and identify new therapeutic strategies for hyperuricemia-related renal injury.
The efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of elderly patients with post-stroke depression, and its effect on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokine
ZHU Laiyun, WANG Nuan, SUN Lingchen, ZHAO Chao
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508024
Abstract(1275) HTML(453) PDF (1074KB)(10)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD） in elderly patients and its effects on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines.   Methods  70 elderly PSD patients admitted to the Xuzhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University from June 2022 to December 2024 were selected as study objects. Patients were randomly divided into control group treated with sertraline and study group treated with aerobic exercise combined with sertraline. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） scores, the clinical efficacy, cognitive function [Mini Mental State Examination （MMSE）], and the levels of inflammatory cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α） were compared before and after treatment.   Results  No significant differences in baseline data were observed between the two groups before treatment. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, HAMD scores were significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups （all P<0.05）. The study group showed significantly lower HAMD scores than the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The overall clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the study group （94.29%） than in the control group （77.14%）（P<0.05）. MMSE scores were significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks（all P<0.05）, and the study group demonstrated significantly higher MMSE scores than the control group at both time points （all P<0.05）. Similarly, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The reductions in these inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group （all P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.57% in the control group and 5.71% in the study group, with no statistically significant difference （P>0.05）.   Conclusion  The combination of aerobic exercise and sertraline is a safe and reliable therapeutic strategy for elderly PSD patients, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving cognitive function, and reducing systemic inflammation.
Herbal textual research on food and medicinal homologous of Kui
PAN Qian, MENG Xiangqing, SONG Yitong, WU Tianmengda, JIA Dan, JIA Min
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202403020
Abstract(2202) HTML(586) PDF (1697KB)(9)
Abstract:
Kui was first recorded in Rites of the Zhou and is the earliest domesticated wild vegetable in China. In the Qi Min Yao Shu, Kui was called “the master of all vegetables” and has a long history of application in China. As a medicine, Kuizi was first recorded in Shen Nong’s Herbal Classic, which has a history of more than 2,000 years of medicinal use and a long history of clinical application. By consulting the ancient and modern herbal literature, the first herbs texts of Kui were examined, various recorded texts, confused products and the history of the original medicinal use were clarified. It was concluded that the ancient herbal texts recorded the base plant of Kui as Malva verticillata L. belonging to family Malvaceae, which provided scientific basis for the development and utilization of Kui.
Efficacy and safety comparison of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis
CHEN Guanxu, SONG Yutong, GUO Xiuqiang, ZHANG Mi, LIU Zhihong, SONG Hongtao
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044
Abstract(7288) HTML(3286) PDF (3982KB)(27)
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  Objective  To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations.   Methods  Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients.   Results  A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics.   Conclusion  Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance.
Optimizing the whole-process quality control system of intravenous drug distribution center based on failure mode and effect analysis
WEI Wei, ZHANG Mingxia, ZHOU Yanping, YAN Lan, TIAN Peng, FENG Xia
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504131
Abstract(4110) HTML(1178) PDF (1030KB)(23)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the application effect of a standardized management method based on Failure Mode and Effect Analysis （FMEA） in optimizing the whole-process quality control system of the Intravenous Admixture Service （PIVAS）.   Methods  The quality control management system of the IVAS was optimized by establishing six quality control groups led by the head nurse, with full participation of pharmacy, nursing, and logistical staff, ensuring comprehensive coverage and traceability of all quality control links. Each group conducted Risk Priority Number （RPN） scoring for potential failure modes in their respective quality control processes, and targeted improvement measures were formulated based on the scoring results. The RPN values of failure modes and quality control-related evaluation indicators before and after implementation were compared to achieve closed-loop management.   Results  After one year of management, the RPN values of the six major failure modes significantly decreased compared to those before implementation （P<0.05）. The compounding error rate dropped to 0.13%, the dispensing error rate decreased to 0.95%, the compounding efficiency increased to 98%, the delivery time was shortened by 0.45 hours per batch, the intervention rate for irrational prescriptions rose to 94.87%, satisfaction improved to 96.78%, and the participation rate of quality control personnel reached 95.36% （P<0.05）.   Conclusion  FMEA-based identification of potential failure modes in the whole-process quality control system of the IVAS, combined with risk quantification and targeted interventions, significantly reduces high-risk failure modes, improves compounding accuracy and efficiency, and ensures the safety of clinical intravenous medication and the effectiveness of healthcare quality management.
The hypolipidemic function and hepatic protective effects of Xuetong capsules
HE Lin, CHENG Yanqiong, YE Kanti, ZHAO Juanjuan, LU Huilan, YANG Jun, CHEN Fangjian
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202502015
Abstract(7460) HTML(2407) PDF (1288KB)(45)
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  Objective  To investigate the effects of Xuetong capsule on blood lipids and liver lesion in hyperlipidemic model animals.   Method  Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After four weeks feeding, the three groups were given low, middle, and high doses of Xuetong capsules （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg ） by Gavage, and the positive control drug atorvastatin calcium （1.5 mg/kg）. The model group was given solvent （0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium）. After treatment for 8 weeks, the body weight, organ index, blood lipids, blood glucose and liver function index were measured. The liver oil red staining was used to determine the lipid droplet content, and quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.   Result  The body weight, the weight of liver and spleen were significantly increased by high-fat diet. High-fat diet increased the organ indexes of the liver and spleen, the degree of liver oil red staining, and also significantly increased the levels of glucose, triglyceride （TG）, cholesterol （CHOL）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in serum. Compared with the model group, the level of TG has no significant change in low, middle and high doses groups. The level of CHOL in serum was reduced by Xuetong capsule with a dose dependent manner. There were significant difference between the model group and middle, high doses groups. The results of LDL-C were similar, the level of LDL-C was significantly reduced by middle and high doses groups （middle dose 0.55±0.21 mM, high dose 0.52±0.22 mM v.s. 0.81±0.29 mM in model group P<0.01）. Compared with the normal control, there was no significant difference in HDL-C levels between the high-fat model and each drug-treated group. Liver function showed that Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the degree of liver oil red staining and decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） induced by high-fat diet. The body weight, the weight and organ indexes of liver and spleen were significantly reduced by atorvastatin calcium. The levels of CHOL, LDL-C, and TG, and the degree of liver oil red staining were also significantly reduced in atorvastatin calcium group. Further studies have shown that high dose of Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by high-fat diet （P<0.05）, while the reduction of IL-1β was not so significant （P>0.05）.   Conclusion  Xuetong capsules significantly reduces the body weight of animals with high fat, reduce liver size, fat deposition, inflammatory damage and also significantly reduces blood lipid CHOL and LDL-C levels and reduce transaminase elevation. The above effects may be related to Xuetong capsules reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver.
Amelioration chloride-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm injury by activation of α7nAChR s calcium in mice
ZHANG Wenjing, FU Hui, GUO Xiaobin, GUO Hao
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045
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Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl2）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice.   Methods  AAA model was induced by CaCl2 in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR−/-） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl2-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, EVG staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with TNF-α, which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-Blot with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR.   Results  Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl2-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon.   Conclusion  Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl2-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response.
Practice and analysis of the simplified oral premedication protocol with paclitaxel liposome in patients of advanced gastric cancer
ZHONG Ling, CAO Jinfa, HE Miao, TIAN Jing
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406047
Abstract(5976) HTML(1922) PDF (837KB)(14)
Abstract:
[ Abstract ]  Objective  To explore a feasible simplified premedication protocol for preventing hypersensitivity reactions to taxanes.   Methods  The electronic medical record system was used to search for data on 49 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received paclitaxel liposome treatment for the first time in the gastroenterology department of our hospital from 2021-06-01 to 2024-06-30, including premedication protocols, allergic reactions, and other adverse reactions.   Results  31 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg and ranitidine hydrochloride capsules 150 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal; 18 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal. All patients did not experience any allergic reactions. There were no significant differences in the incidence of other adverse reactions between the two simplified protocols（P>0.05）. Conclusion Based on literature and practice, a dual simplified premedication protocol of oral corticosteroids（GC）combined with oral H1 receptor blockers（H1RA）was proposed, which provided a new idea for doctors. Further clinical studies are needed to verify its effectiveness.
Effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or）adenoidectomy
WANG Fei, ZHANG Rui, XU Yong, CHEN Xian, ZHU Yumin
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411036
Abstract(3857) HTML(793) PDF (853KB)(15)
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  Objective   To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy.   Methods  Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into group 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam （group R1）, group 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam （group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days postoperatively.   Results  A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 in group R1, 38 in group R2, and 40 in group P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1 day and 7 days postoperatively of the group R1 and group R2 was lower than of the group P （P<0.05）, but no difference in that was detected at 30 days postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）.   Conclusion  Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs
The Evolutionary Pattern of Meaning in Life Among University Students and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms
YU Yongju, HE Min
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380
Abstract(5579) HTML(1633) PDF (985KB)(19)
Abstract:
This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
Design, synthesis, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of novel Matrine derivatives
LU Yifei, SONG Jia, SHEN Hongxia, ZHAO Qingjie
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503005
Abstract(7238) HTML(3278) PDF (1044KB)(43)
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  Objective  The alkaloids contained in the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens have good anti-inflammatory activity. To investigate the structure-activity relationship between the novel Matrine and the anti-inflammatory activity by modifying the structure of Matrine .   Methods  Fourteen novel Matrine derivatives were obtained by chemical modification using Matrine as the lead compound with Matrine and M19 as positive controls. The cytotoxicity of Matrine derivatives against RAW264.7 cells was detected by the Cell Counting Kit 8 （CCK8） assay, and the relative amount of Nitric Oxide （NO） produced by Matrine derivatives against Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was detected using an NO assay kit. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA） d was used to detect the secretion of Interleukin-6 （IL-6） and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha （TNF-α） by Matrine derivatives in LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells.   Results  The novel Matrine derivatives all exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared with M19. The NO inhibition rates of the novel Matrine derivatives were all higher than that of Matrine, and some were higher than that of M19 , with compound A12 having the highest NO inhibition rate. Compounds A11 and A12 showed higher IL-6 inhibition than the control M19 . Additionally, compound A12 had higher TNF-α inhibition than the control M19 .   Conclusion  Compound A12 inhibited the strongest inhibition of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α release and had the best anti-inflammatory activity, which provided an important lead compound for this subsequent in-depth study.
The preventive and therapeutic effects of three ethanol extracts derived from three sources of Stellera chamaejasme L., on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice
PENG Ying, LIU Xin, NIE Yiwen, WANG Xinhe, NIAN Hua, ZHU Jianyong
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029
Abstract(13025) HTML(3195) PDF (2882KB)(34)
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  Objective  To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice.   Methods  Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice.   Results  Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol.   Conclusion  The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions.
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
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Reviews
Application of Raman spectroscopy in the quality control and in vitro permeation studies of topical drug formulations
CUI Yingxin, WEI Jingjing, YE Xiaoxia, LE Jian
2026, 44(3): 113-119.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409017
Abstract(3766) HTML(891) PDF (1906KB)(41)
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Transdermal drug delivery offers advantages such as safety, convenience, and high patient compliance. However, the complex structure of the skin and significant individual variability, particularly the barrier function of the stratum corneum, result in generally low bioavailability for topical formulations. The formulation of topical drug products is complex, with numerous factors influencing quality, which requires strict control of product quality. Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive vibrational technique, combined with chemometric methods, imaging technology, and other spectroscopic techniques, can be applied to study the key quality attributes of topical drug formulations. The applications of Raman spectroscopy in studies of the crystal form, particle size distribution, excipient research, and in vitro transdermal experiments of topical drug formulations were summarized. In particular, it focused on the use of Raman spectroscopy in the selection of skin samples for in vitro permeation tests, the study of drug spatial distribution in the skin, and the interactions between drugs and the skin.
Progress on Chinese medicine compound formulae in modulating relevant signaling pathways for the treatment of simple obesity
ZHANG Xiali, WANG Zhuo, MI Li
2026, 44(3): 120-125, 131.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505004
Abstract(988) HTML(454) PDF (1308KB)(15)
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Obesity has become a major global health challenge. The treatment of simple obesity patients with Chinese medicine compound based on evidence-based therapy has the advantages of good clinical efficacy and high safety. Chinese medicine compound can play the role of reducing inflammation, improving oxidative stress and regulating insulin resistance by regulating MAPK, AMPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K-Akt-mTOR, NF-κB, PPARγ/RXRα, STING-IRF3 and other related signaling pathways, which is characteristic of multi-component, multi-pathway, multi-target regulation. The research progress in the modulation of relevant signaling pathways by traditional Chinese medicine combinations for the treatment of simple obesity were reviewed, which provided a theoretical basis and research ideas for clinical practice.
Original articles
Study on the role of oleuropein in enhancing muscle endurance
LI Huan, ZHANG Zhen, FENG Jiayi, ZHANG Weidong, LIU Xia
2026, 44(3): 126-131.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202510011
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Abstract:
  Objective  Orosomucoid1 （ORM1） is a novel target in the quest for anti-fatigue pharmacotherapy. Preliminary investigations have illuminated oleuropein （OLE） as a promising candidate molecule, poised to enhance ORM1 expression. To elucidate the influence of OLE on ORM1 protein expression and assess its ramifications on muscle endurance.   Methods  The impact of OLE on ORM1 protein expressions within hepatocytes and liver tissue was meticulously quantified through Western blotting; the effects of OLE on muscle endurance were evaluated via the rotarod and forced swimming tests; glycogen content within liver and muscle tissues was determined utilizing a specialized kit; and PAS staining was employed to visualize glycogen deposition in the gastrocnemius muscle.   Results  OLE demonstrated a capacity to elevate ORM1 protein expression in hepatocytes in a time- and dose-dependent manner, concurrently prolonging the duration of swimming and rotarod performance in mice, also in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, OLE augmented ORM1 expression in liver tissue, elevated serum ORM1 levels, and enhanced glycogen reserves within the liver and muscle.   Conclusion  OLE may serve to amplify muscle endurance by elevating ORM1 levels in vivo and augmenting glycogen stores within skeletal muscle.
Construction of glucose oxidase–loaded nanogels and its inhibition effect on the Warburg effect in glioma cells
ZHOU Wenbo, LI Weilin, DAI Wuting, LIU Ruiyao, YU Yuan
2026, 44(3): 132-136, 166.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202511030
Abstract(1289) HTML(400) PDF (2765KB)(7)
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  Objective  To construct glucose oxidase（GOx）–loaded nanogels （GONGs）, optimize their formulation, and evaluate their capacity to inhibit the Warburg effect in glioma cells.   Methods  A responsive polymer （HAM） was synthesized and used to self-assemble GONGs, which were then characterized. Encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were determined using fluorescence spectrophotometry. Biocompatibility was tested by measuring cytotoxicity and hemolytic activity. Western blotting was used to evaluate the effects of GONGs on the expression of proteins associated with the Warburg phenotype and oxidative damage in glioma cells.   Results  GONGs prepared at a drug–to–polymer ratio of 1∶10 exhibited a particle size of 140.3 nm and a zeta potential of −27.2 mV. Compared with free GOx, GONGs markedly reduced cytotoxicity, increased the IC50 in hUVEC cells from 2.150 nmol/L to 74.86 nmol/L, and significantly decreased hemolysis. At a GOx concentration of 2 nmol/L, GONGs effectively downregulated glycolysis-related proteins, such as HK2 and LDHA, and inhibited glutamine metabolism in glioma cells.  Conclusion  GONGs exhibited high GOx loading capacity, significantly reduced GOx-induced cytotoxicity, inhibited the Warburg effect in glioma cells and induced oxidative damage.
Study on the extraction, separation and purification process of Actinoside E
QIAO Fangliang, JIANG Yiping, XIA Tianshuang, LIU Aijun, ZHAO Kai, XIN Hailiang
2026, 44(3): 137-143.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202407001
Abstract(6581) HTML(2350) PDF (1076KB)(56)
Abstract:
  Objective  To optimize the extraction, separation and purification process of Actinoside E.   Methods  Single factor experiment combined with orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E using its content as an index. The extracts were separated and purified by optimizing the chromatographic conditions of macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS column.   Results  25 times amount of 55% ethanol with heating reflux at 95℃ for one hour were used as the optimal extraction process of Actinoside E. The optimum separation and purification process was as follows: D101 macroporous resin column was eluted with 7 BV of 50% ethanol, silica gel column was eluted with 5 BV of ethyl acetate-ethanol（10∶1）and 50% methanol eluted fraction was purified repeatedly by ODS column to obtain Actinoside E. The transfer rate of Actinoside E in the whole process was 53.70%, the yield was 0.35%, and the purity was 99.9%.   Conclusion  The process is stable and viable, which can provide material foundation for the development and utilization of Actinoside E.
Study on the potential mechanism of SMXBT in the treatment of AECOPD by network pharmacology and molecular docking
LIU Liangshan, BAO Zhiyao, SHI Liuhui, NIAN Hua, MA Minghua, WANG Zhenwei
2026, 44(3): 144-151.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311018
Abstract(771) HTML(319) PDF (3633KB)(6)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the potential molecular mechanism of Sangma Xingbei Tang （SMXBT） in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD）.   Methods  TCMSP and TCMID databases were searched for the active ingredients of SMXBT, the targets of the active ingredients were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction database, and the AECOPD-related targets were searched by GeneCards and OMIM databases; the drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by the DAVID database. The drug-active ingredient-target network and protein interaction network were constructed, and the GO enrichment and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by DAVID database, and molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Tools software. Animal experiments were conducted for validation.   Results  192 active ingredients were obtained and 1066 targets were predicted in SMXBT. Network analysis showed that the top 3 active ingredients in SMXBT were quercetin, kaempferol, and glycyrrhizin, and the top 3 therapeutic targets were TNF, ALB, and IL-1β, etc. The GO analysis and KEGG showed that the main pathways were the cancer pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Molecular docking showed that the binding energies of glycyrrhizin and AKT1, IL-1β, GFR, SRC, and quercetin and kaempferol and IL-1β were all <−5 kcal·mol. Animal experiments showed that Sangma Xingbei Decoction could treat AECOPD by anti-inflammatory effects and reduce changes in lung tissue structure. Additionally, it could lower the serum inflammatory levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8.   Conclusion  SMXBT may act on the targets of AKT1, IL-1β, EGFR, SRC, etc., reduce the serum inflammation levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and improve the lung tissue structure and inflammatory response to achieve the therapeutic effect on AECOPD through the modulation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the cancer pathway, and other pathways of action.
Pharmacy administration
Analysis of clinical use of drugs for lung cancer treatment in a hospital
LIU Shuang, WU Yanqiu, YI Hongbin, KUAI Liping, XU Dongyan, TANG Jianhua
2026, 44(3): 152-159.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312076
Abstract(339) HTML(151) PDF (1412KB)(6)
Abstract:
  Objective  To compare and analyze the changes in the use of lung cancer therapeutic drugs before and after the national initiation of health insurance negotiations, and to study the impact of a series of policies on the use of lung cancer drugs.   Methods  Descriptive statistical methods were used analyze the basic situation of lung cancer patients and the changes of corresponding therapeutic drugs in Peking University People's Hospital from 2014 to 2020, as well as to the hospital procurement data of lung cancer therapeutic drugs in the database of the Chinese Medicine Economic Information.   Results  From 2014 to 2020, the total cost per capita of lung cancer patients showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, increasing before the national drug negotiation and gradually decreasing after the negotiation. After 2017, the use of small ATC categories such as VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors increased significantly, along with a rise in the number of monoclonal antibody varieties. The DDDs of osimertinib, anlotinib, alectinib, crizotinib and other drugs in the medical insurance list increased significantly, and the average daily cost decreased significantly.   Conclusion  The number of hospitalization days for lung cancer patients had continued to shorten in recent years, and the structure of drug use had changed significantly. The adjustment of the medical insurance catalog had led to more innovative lung cancer drugs showing the trend of volume up and price down.
Signal mining of adverse reactions associated with macrolide antibiotics in pediatric patients based on the FAERS database
ZHANG Zhenpo, HE Jiaxin, ZHENG Jingping, WANG Yuting, MA Lin, SU Ling
2026, 44(3): 160-166.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404031
Abstract(326) HTML(174) PDF (1074KB)(5)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the adverse event signals of children using macrolide drugs （azithromycin, clarithromycin, and erythromycin）, and provide reference for rational medicine use in clinical practice.   Methods  Data from children under 12 years old were extracted from the US FAERS database spanning from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2023. The adverse drug reaction （ADR） signal mining for three macrolide antibiotics was conducted using the Reporting Odds Ratio （ROR） and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network （BCPNN） methods. Special emphasis was placed on analyzing and contrasting the differences in adverse events among the three drugs.   Results  A total of 1 615 reports for children under 12 years old were retrieved from the FAERS database, including 1 024 reports of azithromycin, 460 reports of clarithromycin, and 131 reports of erythromycin. Among azithromycin and erythromycin, there were more reports from boys than girls, while for clarithromycin, there were more reports from girls than boys. Oral administration was the most common route of administration for all three drugs. Regarding the outcome of adverse events reported, azithromycin and clarithromycin were primarily associated with other serious adverse events, whereas erythromycin was mainly associated with hospitalization and other serious adverse events. The number of adverse events reported decreased with increasing age, with a higher number of reports in the 0-3 age group. Using the ROR and BCPNN methods for signal detection, 86 signals were identified for azithromycin, 91 for clarithromycin, and 34 for erythromycin. These signals involved 22 System Organ Classes （SOCs）, with azithromycin mainly concentrated in skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders （n=21）, clarithromycin in gastrointestinal disorders （n=15）, and erythromycin in gastrointestinal disorders （n=8）. Twenty-four signals of moderate to high risk were detected, with 13 for azithromycin, 9 for clarithromycin, and 2 for erythromycin.   Conclusion  The adverse events induced by the three drugs with different risks in different systems. When clinically treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, the risk profiles of drugs in different systems should be considered, and personalized dosing should be implemented.
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Chief Editor: LI Jie Wei

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ISSN 2097-2024   CN  31-2185/R

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