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Photodynamic performance and study anti-lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds
QIU Yan, WU Hao, DONG Yafen, CHEN Ye, WANG Jian, JIN Hui
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202304011
Abstract(4254) HTML(1387) PDF (1799KB)(18)
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（D1）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （D2）.   Methods  The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of D1 and D2 were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of D1 and D2 was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of D2 in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected.   Results  D1 and D2 had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. D1 and D2 had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, D1 and D2 showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, D2 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration.   Conclusion  D2 had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.
Application of Raman spectroscopy to study the quality of dermal drug administration and transdermal in vitro
CUI Yingxin, WEI Jingjing, YE Xiaoxia, LE Jian
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409017
Abstract(1785) HTML(276) PDF (1742KB)(15)
Abstract:
Percutaneous administration is safety, convenience and high compliance. However, the skin structure is complex and individual differences are large, especially the barrier of the stratum corneum leads to the poor bioavailability of topical preparations for the skin. The composition of the prescription for dermal drug administration is complicated, and the quality of the product should be strictly controlled. Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive vibrational spectrum can be used to characterize key quality properties of dermal drug administration combined with stoichiometric methods, imaging techniques and other spectral techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review the application of Raman spectroscopy in the study of crystal form, particle size distribution, excipients and in vitro transdermal experiments of dermal drug administration. In vitro transdermal tests, Raman spectroscopy was used to distinguish skin of different species, study the spatial distribution of drugs in skin and the interaction between drugs and skin
Efficacy and safety comparison of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis
CHEN Guanxu, SONG Yutong, GUO Xiuqiang, ZHANG Mi, LIU Zhihong, SONG Hongtao
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044
Abstract(5632) HTML(2652) PDF (3982KB)(21)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations.   Methods  Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients.   Results  A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics.   Conclusion  Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance.
Optimizing the whole-process quality control system of intravenous drug distribution center based on failure mode and effect analysis
WEI Wei, ZHANG Mingxia, ZHOU Yanping, YAN Lan, TIAN Peng, FENG Xia
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504131
Abstract(2526) HTML(689) PDF (1030KB)(13)
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  Objective  To explore the application effect of a standardized management method based on Failure Mode and Effect Analysis （FMEA） in optimizing the whole-process quality control system of the Intravenous Admixture Service （PIVAS）.   Methods  The quality control management system of the IVAS was optimized by establishing six quality control groups led by the head nurse, with full participation of pharmacy, nursing, and logistical staff, ensuring comprehensive coverage and traceability of all quality control links. Each group conducted Risk Priority Number （RPN） scoring for potential failure modes in their respective quality control processes, and targeted improvement measures were formulated based on the scoring results. The RPN values of failure modes and quality control-related evaluation indicators before and after implementation were compared to achieve closed-loop management.   Results  After one year of management, the RPN values of the six major failure modes significantly decreased compared to those before implementation （P<0.05）. The compounding error rate dropped to 0.13%, the dispensing error rate decreased to 0.95%, the compounding efficiency increased to 98%, the delivery time was shortened by 0.45 hours per batch, the intervention rate for irrational prescriptions rose to 94.87%, satisfaction improved to 96.78%, and the participation rate of quality control personnel reached 95.36% （P<0.05）.   Conclusion  FMEA-based identification of potential failure modes in the whole-process quality control system of the IVAS, combined with risk quantification and targeted interventions, significantly reduces high-risk failure modes, improves compounding accuracy and efficiency, and ensures the safety of clinical intravenous medication and the effectiveness of healthcare quality management.
The hypolipidemic function and hepatic protective effects of Xuetong capsules
HE Lin, CHENG Yanqiong, YE Kanti, ZHAO Juanjuan, LU Huilan, YANG Jun, CHEN Fangjian
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202502015
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  Objective  To investigate the effects of Xuetong capsule on blood lipids and liver lesion in hyperlipidemic model animals.   Method  Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After four weeks feeding, the three groups were given low, middle, and high doses of Xuetong capsules （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg ） by Gavage, and the positive control drug atorvastatin calcium （1.5 mg/kg）. The model group was given solvent （0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium）. After treatment for 8 weeks, the body weight, organ index, blood lipids, blood glucose and liver function index were measured. The liver oil red staining was used to determine the lipid droplet content, and quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.   Result  The body weight, the weight of liver and spleen were significantly increased by high-fat diet. High-fat diet increased the organ indexes of the liver and spleen, the degree of liver oil red staining, and also significantly increased the levels of glucose, triglyceride （TG）, cholesterol （CHOL）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in serum. Compared with the model group, the level of TG has no significant change in low, middle and high doses groups. The level of CHOL in serum was reduced by Xuetong capsule with a dose dependent manner. There were significant difference between the model group and middle, high doses groups. The results of LDL-C were similar, the level of LDL-C was significantly reduced by middle and high doses groups （middle dose 0.55±0.21 mM, high dose 0.52±0.22 mM v.s. 0.81±0.29 mM in model group P<0.01）. Compared with the normal control, there was no significant difference in HDL-C levels between the high-fat model and each drug-treated group. Liver function showed that Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the degree of liver oil red staining and decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） induced by high-fat diet. The body weight, the weight and organ indexes of liver and spleen were significantly reduced by atorvastatin calcium. The levels of CHOL, LDL-C, and TG, and the degree of liver oil red staining were also significantly reduced in atorvastatin calcium group. Further studies have shown that high dose of Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by high-fat diet （P<0.05）, while the reduction of IL-1β was not so significant （P>0.05）.   Conclusion  Xuetong capsules significantly reduces the body weight of animals with high fat, reduce liver size, fat deposition, inflammatory damage and also significantly reduces blood lipid CHOL and LDL-C levels and reduce transaminase elevation. The above effects may be related to Xuetong capsules reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver.
Amelioration chloride-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm injury by activation of α7nAChR s calcium in mice
ZHANG Wenjing, FU Hui, GUO Xiaobin, GUO Hao
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045
Abstract(4695) HTML(1987) PDF (3531KB)(16)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl2）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice.   Methods  AAA model was induced by CaCl2 in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR−/-） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl2-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, EVG staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with TNF-α, which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-Blot with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR.   Results  Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl2-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon.   Conclusion  Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl2-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response.
Practice and analysis of the simplified oral premedication protocol with paclitaxel liposome in patients of advanced gastric cancer
ZHONG Ling, CAO Jinfa, HE Miao, TIAN Jing
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406047
Abstract(4577) HTML(1519) PDF (837KB)(13)
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[ Abstract ]  Objective  To explore a feasible simplified premedication protocol for preventing hypersensitivity reactions to taxanes.   Methods  The electronic medical record system was used to search for data on 49 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received paclitaxel liposome treatment for the first time in the gastroenterology department of our hospital from 2021-06-01 to 2024-06-30, including premedication protocols, allergic reactions, and other adverse reactions.   Results  31 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg and ranitidine hydrochloride capsules 150 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal; 18 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal. All patients did not experience any allergic reactions. There were no significant differences in the incidence of other adverse reactions between the two simplified protocols（P>0.05）. Conclusion Based on literature and practice, a dual simplified premedication protocol of oral corticosteroids（GC）combined with oral H1 receptor blockers（H1RA）was proposed, which provided a new idea for doctors. Further clinical studies are needed to verify its effectiveness.
Effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or）adenoidectomy
WANG Fei, ZHANG Rui, XU Yong, CHEN Xian, ZHU Yumin
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411036
Abstract(2725) HTML(512) PDF (853KB)(10)
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  Objective   To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy.   Methods  Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into group 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam （group R1）, group 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam （group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days postoperatively.   Results  A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 in group R1, 38 in group R2, and 40 in group P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1 day and 7 days postoperatively of the group R1 and group R2 was lower than of the group P （P<0.05）, but no difference in that was detected at 30 days postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）.   Conclusion  Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs
The Evolutionary Pattern of Meaning in Life Among University Students and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms
YU Yongju, HE Min
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380
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This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
Design, synthesis, and in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of novel Matrine derivatives
LU Yifei, SONG Jia, SHEN Hongxia, ZHAO Qingjie
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503005
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  Objective  The alkaloids contained in the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens have good anti-inflammatory activity. To investigate the structure-activity relationship between the novel Matrine and the anti-inflammatory activity by modifying the structure of Matrine .   Methods  Fourteen novel Matrine derivatives were obtained by chemical modification using Matrine as the lead compound with Matrine and M19 as positive controls. The cytotoxicity of Matrine derivatives against RAW264.7 cells was detected by the Cell Counting Kit 8 （CCK8） assay, and the relative amount of Nitric Oxide （NO） produced by Matrine derivatives against Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was detected using an NO assay kit. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA） d was used to detect the secretion of Interleukin-6 （IL-6） and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha （TNF-α） by Matrine derivatives in LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells.   Results  The novel Matrine derivatives all exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared with M19. The NO inhibition rates of the novel Matrine derivatives were all higher than that of Matrine, and some were higher than that of M19 , with compound A12 having the highest NO inhibition rate. Compounds A11 and A12 showed higher IL-6 inhibition than the control M19 . Additionally, compound A12 had higher TNF-α inhibition than the control M19 .   Conclusion  Compound A12 inhibited the strongest inhibition of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α release and had the best anti-inflammatory activity, which provided an important lead compound for this subsequent in-depth study.
The preventive and therapeutic effects of three ethanol extracts derived from three sources of Stellera chamaejasme L., on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice
PENG Ying, LIU Xin, NIE Yiwen, WANG Xinhe, NIAN Hua, ZHU Jianyong
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029
Abstract(11716) HTML(2788) PDF (2882KB)(30)
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  Objective  To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice.   Methods  Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice.   Results  Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol.   Conclusion  The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions.
Determination of Lamotrigine in Human Plasma by Central cutting two-dimensional liquid Chromatography
LIN Junrong, ZHANG Minxin, ZHAO Xuemei, HUANG Aiwen
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306020
Abstract(10148) HTML(3206) PDF (1115KB)(19)
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Objective To establish a central cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma. Methods External standard method was used. The first dimensional chromatographic column: SNCB（T）-1A（silica gel, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase A:VCV-1D mobile phase, flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; mobile phase B: water, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; second dimensional chromatographic column: Symmetry C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase: acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution（V/V=25∶75）, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Intermediate column: SBX 4-MA（resin, 3.0 mm×10 mm, 5µm）. The UV detection wavelength: 306 nm, the column temperature: 45 ℃, and the injection volume: 200 μl. Results The linear range of lamotrigine was 1.24-39.50 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.24 μg/ml, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml, the intra-day precision RSD was less than 5%, the day-to-day precision RSD was less than 10%, the variation of intra-day accuracy ranged from 102.17% to 111.17%, and the daytime accuracy variation ranged from 99.80% to 107.31% the recovery RSD was less than 5%, and the variation range was 89.95% -96.16%. After 24 hours storage at room temperature, repeated freezing and thawing for 3 times and storage at-40 ℃ for 2 weeks, the ratio of the measured value / labeled value ranged from 87.01% to 115.88%. Conclusion In this study, a method with simple operation, good stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility was established, which could be suitable for clinical monitoring of blood concentration of lamotrigine and provides reliable monitoring data support for clinical individualized medication guidance.
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
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Lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein drug delivery carrier
WANG Xufang, WANG Yanting, YAO Chunmeng, LU Bin
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309021
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Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway
MENG Panpan, SONG Muge, YANG Shichao, CHEN Keming, YANG Zhongduo, MA Huiping
Accepted Manuscript  doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303006
Abstract(14519) HTML(5778) PDF (2083KB)(48)
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  Objective  Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.   Methods  Sixty male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxia model group, Rhodiola capsule group: 400 mg/kg, low, medium and high dose groups of Lishukang capsule: 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, with 10 mice in each group. The normal control group was fed at the local altitude (1500m) after 7 days of intragastric administration in each group, and the rest groups were fed at the low pressure and hypoxia animal experimental cabin to simulate the altitude of 7500 m for hypoxia for 3 days. During this period, the normal control group and the hypoxia model group were given normal saline once a day, and 1 hour after the last administration, the eight arm maze was used to test the spatial memory ability of mice under simulated high altitude hypoxia; HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in mice; Western blot was used to detect the changes of protein content of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and apoptosis related protein in hippocampus of mice.   Results  Compared with the normal control group, the spatial memory ability of mice in the hypoxia model group was significantly impaired (P<0.01); HE staining showed that hippocampal neurons in mice were seriously injured; the content of brain tissue Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 increased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia model group, the error rate of mice in the high dose group of Lishukang capsule in the eight arm maze behavior experiment was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01); HE staining showed that the neurons were arranged orderly and the cell morphology was good; the content of Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 decreased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 increased (P<0.01).   Conclusion  High altitude hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress injury in mice and induce the expression of apoptosis related genes, thus aggravating the cognitive dysfunction of mice; Lishukang capsule can effectively improve the learning and memory impairment in mice caused by hypoxia, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and reducing apoptosis.
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Reviews
Research progress on immunomodulatory effects and role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer
LIU Zhijun, CUI Lili, XU Fengjing, SONG Xinhua, WANG Zhipeng, GAO Shouhong
2025, 43(12): 583-590.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312024
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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, which is a great threat to human life and health. The change of bile acid homeostasis can activate their corresponding receptors to regulate the immune functions, which is closely related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer. In addition, some bile acids can directly induce colorectal cancer and play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In this paper, the metabolic process of bile acids in vivo and the immunomodulatory role of bile acid receptors were reviewed, and the evidence of associations between bile acids and colorectal cancer were summarized, which showed the rebalancing the bile acid levels might play a role in the prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer.
Original articles
Mechanism of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against non-small cell lung cancer by network pharmacology
HU Yue, YIN Yong, SHI Liuhui, XU Xiaohong, ZHU Jianyong, NIAN Hua
2025, 43(12): 591-598.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202302020
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Abstract:
  Objective   To explore the mechanism of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）.   Methods  The effective components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM database and literature reviews. The targets of effective components were predicted. NSCLC related targets were collected by GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD and Drugbank, combined with the differential genes of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against Lewis lung cancer mice. The intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network diagram of traditional Chinese medicine-active ingredients-core targets. STRING database was used to construct PPI network diagram. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were performed by Metascape database to predict the key targets and active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC, and Schrodinger software was used to perform molecular docking verification.   Results  The 32 active components and 24 intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. 11 core targets such as ESR1, MAPK1 were found. The mechanism of action may be related to 30 signaling pathways such as cellular senescence, receptor activation, prolactin signaling pathway.   Conclusion  The active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture act on multiple targets and signaling pathways to regulate complex biological processes. By regulating ESR1 agsinst NSCLC, it may play an important role in improving the survival rate and prognosis of female patients.
Effect of different conditions of solid phase extraction column on determination of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution
LIU Linlin, ZHONG Guixiang, YAN Jia, ZHOU Xin
2025, 43(12): 599-602.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311012
Abstract(926) HTML(190) PDF (860KB)(9)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the effect of different packing contents of solid phase extraction column, repeated use times and solid phase extraction column under pressure on the determination of morphine content in compound liquorice oral solution.   Methods  The component was performed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） equipped with the C8 （4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm） chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2.5 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate solution-50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （5∶18∶18）. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with the 220 nm detection wavelength, 20 μl injection volume and 30℃ column temperature.   Results  It was found that the SPE column produced of 500 mg had a higher recovery rate of morphine, and the RSD value was small. It was found that SPE column could be reused for up to 3 times under the condition of guaranteeing recovery rate.In the pressurized experiment,at the flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, the measured morphine content was basically consistent with that measured at atmospheric pressure.   Conclusion  The determination of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution could be carried out by C18 solid phase extraction column of 500 mg. Under pressure, the flow rate was about 0.5 ml/min for morphine recovery, which could achieve high recovery of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution and improve the detection efficiency of morphine.
Research reports
Research and establishment of standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachet
XIN Hailiang, JIANG Yiping, HAN Ting, GUO Tao, NIAN Hua, YUE Xiaoqiang
2025, 43(12): 603-606, 613.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402004
Abstract(2867) HTML(869) PDF (1342KB)(31)
Abstract:
  Objective   Fragrant sachets are items with significant Chinese cultural characteristics and have multiple application values, with their medicinal value being an important aspect. Especially in recent years, with the successive outbreaks of SARS, MERS, COVID-19, the medicinal effect of traditional Chinese medicine sachets has been increasingly valued and widely used.However, there are no relevant standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets at the national, industry, local, or organizational levels, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry. To establish standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets to lead the development of the industry.   Methods  Based on the review of the current application status of traditional Chinese medicine sachets, a study on the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine sachets was conducted through investigation and research, data collection, drafting of standard drafts, soliciting opinions, review and approval, and standard verification.   Results   The first group standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet in China: Technological specification of traditional Chinese medicine sachet (powder core), which ensures the scientificity, progressiveness, rationality and practicability of the production of the standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet.   Conclusion   The established group standard for traditional Chinese medicine sachets are practical, safe, reliable, and easy to implement, providing technical references for the inheritance and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine sachets.
Study on bacterial endotoxin limit value and the detection methodological investigation for the active pharmaceutical ingredient of pentetic acid
SHEN Juan, TIAN Ying, NI Ming, LIU Ju, YU Mengmeng
2025, 43(12): 607-609, 624.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508061
Abstract(1179) HTML(507) PDF (1180KB)(9)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore and establish the bacterial endotoxin limit value and testing method of the active pharmaceutical ingredient （API） of pentetic acid, and conduct methodological investigation.   Methods  Three batches of pentetic acid were used to establish the method for the determination of bacterial endotoxin, and interference test was conducted simultaneously. The sample was dissolved with commercially available alkaline regulator to a concentration of 4 mg/ml or lower, and then diluted with water for bacterial endotoxin test. Limulus reagent with sensitivity of 0.125 EU/ml or higher was selected and redissolved with commercially available magnesium ion buffer solution. And the endotoxin test was performed by gel method.   Results  The endotoxin limit of API of pentetic acid was determined as: less than 0.125 EU/mg.   Conclusion  The method established could be used for the control of bacterial endotoxin in API of pentetic acid.
Medicine & Clinical
Therapeutic drug monitoring and clinical application of fruquintinib
CHEN Ming, WANG Chenjia, TANG Yuanjun, WANG Shuowen, FAN Guorong
2025, 43(12): 610-613.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412043
Abstract(1141) HTML(320) PDF (1018KB)(14)
Abstract:
  Objective  To establishing a chromatographic analysis method for therapeutic drug monitoring of fruquintinib by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）.   Methods  The analysis was conducted using a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 （4.6 mm×150 mm, 5 μm） column with the column temperature at 35℃. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was at 240 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate （pH 3.15）= 40∶60（V∶V）. The internal standard substance was Apatinib．All plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate solution.  Results  The linearity of Fruquintinib in plasma was good within the range of 15.63-500.00 ng/ml （r=0.999 9）. The recoveries of the method were between 95%-110% with the RSD less than 10%. The extraction rates of the method were all higher than 97%. The stability tests met the relative requirements.   Conclusion  A HPLC method for the determination of Fruquintinib in human plasma was established. The method had good specialty, and could be used to detect the blood concentrations of Fruquintinib in clinical practice to improve the individualized medication．
Reasonable management and control practice of prophylactic use of antibiotics in urinary system lithotripsy
CHEN Yijun, WANG Zhuo, HE Miao, ZHANG Yu, TIAN Jing
2025, 43(12): 614-618.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402034
Abstract(7383) HTML(2559) PDF (1000KB)(26)
Abstract:
  Objective   To analyze the effectiveness of reasonable control measures for prophylactic use of antibiotics in urinary system lithotripsy.   Methods   By antimicrobial stewardship, strengthening special comments on antibiotics and information notification on rational use of antibiotics, adding and improving the pre-review rules for antibiotics prescriptions, conducting in-depth clinical training and consultation by clinical pharmacists, strengthening innovation in rational use of drugs, and taking various measures to actively improve rational use of prophylactic antibiotics of lithotripsy in urology department, the changes of indexes related to antibiotics in urology department from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed.   Results   After active and reasonable control, Antibiotics Use Density in urology department decreased year by year. The utilization rate of antibiotics in inpatients decreased from 94.27% in 2019 to 77.47% in 2022. Various rate of microbial inspection reached the standard in 2022. The imipenem and cilastatin sodium for injection ranking of prophylactic use of antibiotics consumption DDDs for urinary system lithotripsy decreased from the 4th place in 2019 to the 8th place in 2022. The ranking of the urology department on carbapenem consumption DDDs in the whole hospital decreased from the 8th place in 2019 to the 12th place in 2022. At the same time, the incidence of urinary tract lithotripsy postoperative infection showed a decreasing trend year by year, from 0.84% in 2019 to 0.49% in 2022.   Conclusion  Positive control measures can promote the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics for urinary system lithotripsy.
Pharmacy administration
Cost effectiveness analysis between osimertinib and gefitinib in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation
LI Na, HUANG Chengwen, SUN Xiujuan, WANG Xiaohong, ZHANG Li, WANG Xingpo
2025, 43(12): 619-624.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411032
Abstract(3319) HTML(615) PDF (970KB)(12)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the cost effectiveness of osimertinib and gefitinib in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutation.   Methods  A total of 52 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation treated by osimertinib were selected as group A from June 2021 to August 2022 at the Chengde Central Hospital, and 52 patients treated by gefitinib were selected as group B according to the propensity score matching method in 1∶1 ratio. The treatment cost and effect of the two groups of patients were compared, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted.   Results  The total effective rate of group A was higher than that of group B （90.38% vs 71.15%, χ2=6.190, P=0.013）. The drug cost and total treatment cost of group A were higher than those of group B（P<0.05）, and other direct costs were lower than those of group B （P<0.05）. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of group A was 374.71. After the cost-effectiveness sensitivity analysis on adjusting drug costs to decrease by 10% and the total effective rate to decrease by 10% of the two groups, the sensitivity analysis results were basically consistent with the original results.   Conclusion  Based on the latest prices and actual case data of osimertinib and gefitinib, osimertinib was better than gefitinib in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation. Although gefitinib had lower treatment costs, osimertinib had more cost effectiveness advantages. These findings could provide important reference for the clinical development of treatment plans for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
Application of information technology in drug safety in China by bibliometric analysis
LIU Guizhu, LI Hang, WANG Nan, WANG Fang, HU Xu, TANG Jiajie
2025, 43(12): 625-630, 636.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303027
Abstract(3826) HTML(823) PDF (2640KB)(12)
Abstract:
  Objective  To sort out the current situation and research hotspots of the application of information technology in drug safety in China, reveal the latest research frontier, and provide a basis for the follow-up research.   Methods  The literature about the application of information technology in the field of drug safety were searched from 2012 to 2022 in three major databases of CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases, and visual analysis was conducted with the help of Citespace software.   Results  A total of 848 valid papers were included, and the number of annual publications showed a phased growth trend, and the cooperation between authors and publishers was not close enough. The application of information technology in drug safety was mainly reflected in pharmaceutical service, intravenous drug dispensing center and antibacterial drugs. The main technical means of information construction in the field of drug safety were prescription pre-audit system, knowledge base and automation. The research frontiers were mainly intelligence, knowledge base, prescription audit, and proprietary Chinese medicines.   Conclusion  The application of information technology in drug safety in China is in a period of vigorous development, and cooperation among different regions, institutions, and authors should be strengthened to promote information sharing. In the future, the related research of information technology in the field of Chinese patent medicine should be focused, and the research content of information technology application in drug safety could be further improved.
Analysis of medication use in sample pediatric hospitals
DU Yue, LI Jiali, CHAI Yu, CHEN Shaoqing, ZHAN Qi
2025, 43(12): 631-636.   doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404071
Abstract(3339) HTML(503) PDF (966KB)(23)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the usage of pediatric drugs in 17 pediatric specialty hospitals from 2016 to 2020, and provide reference and guidance for the development of the essential medicine list （EML） for children and the improvement of the National Reimbursement Drug List （NRDL） in China.   Methods   Based on the pediatric medication monitoring data from 17 children's specialized hospitals reported to the Chinese Medical Economic Information Network (CMEI) of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association between 2016 and 2020, this study analyzes the overall situation of the sample hospitals and the clinical use of pediatric drugs according to the major categories of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System （ATC）.   Results   In the various ATC categories, the trend of systemic use of anti-infective drugs decreasing was significant in the average hospital expenditure, while the trend of respiratory and digestive system and metabolic drugs decreasing was significant in the average hospital DDDS. In 2020, the average number of hospital grade standards for essential drugs （2018 version） accounted for 15.82% of the total number of drug use standards, while the average number of hospital grade standards for medical insurance （2019 version） accounted for 8.23% of the total number of drug use standards.   Conclusion   The use of pediatric medication in sample hospitals from 2016 to 2020 was generally reasonable, and there would still a certain gap between the actual clinical usage habits with the existing EML and NRDL, which still need to be adjusted.
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Chief Editor: LI Jie Wei

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ISSN 2097-2024   CN  31-2185/R

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