药学实践与服务

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Causal association between meningioma and asthma: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study 基于两样本双向孟德尔随机化的脑膜瘤与哮喘因果关联研究

LIU Liyan, CHANG Zheng, SUN Chuanduo, WANG Lingling, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603035

Objective To systematically evaluate the causal association between meningioma and asthma using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization （MR） approach. Methods Genome-wide association study （GWAS） data were used to select single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） associated with meningioma and asthma as instrumental variables, respectively. The inverse variance weighted （IVW） method was applied as the primary analytical approach. Causal effects were quantified using odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95%CI）. Heterogeneity among instrumental variables was assessed by Cochran's Q test, horizontal pleiotropy was examined using the MR-Egger regression intercept test, and sensitivity analyses were performed using leave-one-out validation. A funnel plot was used to visually evaluate the symmetry of effect estimates across SNPs. Results IVW analysis indicated a positive causal effect of meningioma on the risk of asthma （OR= 1.15,95%CI:1.10–1.20, P<0.05）. Heterogeneity tests showed no significant heterogeneity among the selected SNPs （IVW Q-test P = 0.34; MR-Egger Q-test P = 0.82）. The MR-Egger intercept test revealed no horizontal pleiotropy （P>0.05）. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis suggested that no single SNP substantially influenced the overall estimate, and the funnel plot showed symmetric distribution of SNP effects, supporting robust and reliable results. Reverse-direction MR found no statistically significant causal effect of asthma on meningioma risk （OR= 0.93, 95%CI: 0.80–1.09, P=0.36）. Conclusion This two-sample bidirectional MR study provides evidence that meningioma may be an independent causal risk factor for an increased risk of asthma, whereas asthma shows no significant causal effect on meningioma risk, thus not supporting the existence of a reverse causal relationship. More>>

Clinical pharmacist involved pharmaceutical care for antibody negative heparin induced thrombocytopenia type ⅱ in hemodialysis patients 临床药师参与血液透析患者抗体阴性Ⅱ型肝素相关性血小板减少症的药学监护实践

JIANG Xianrui¹, LYU Jiayi²

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603024

Objective To investigate the clinical recognition, anticoagulation transition strategies, and key points of pharmaceutical care for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II （HIT） in hemodialysis patients and provide reference for standardized management of similar cases. Methods Through a case report of a 78-year-old female patient with stage 5D chronic kidney disease （CKD） who developed type II HIT following low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） anticoagulation, clinical pharmacists participated in therapeutic decision-making. Clinical probability was assessed using the 4T's score, a heparin-free alternative anticoagulation regimen was formulated, and comprehensive pharmaceutical care was implemented throughout the treatment course. Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and alternative anticoagulant options for HIT. Results The patient with end-stage renal disease （ESRD） underwent hemodialysis and developed progressive thrombocytopenia on day 11 of LMWH anticoagulation, accompanied by multiple deep veins thromboses （DVT） and dry gangrene of the extremities. Despite negative heparin-platelet factor 4 （PF4） antibody testing, the 4T's score was 7 points （high clinical probability）. Clinical pharmacists recommended immediate discontinuation of all heparin and transition to Argatroban combined with Rivaroxaban. Following treatment, platelet counts progressively recovered, DVT resolved, and peripheral perfusion improved. Occult blood in stool and generalized ecchymosis occurred during therapy; bleeding manifestations resolved after rivaroxaban dose adjustment. Conclusion Hemodialysis patients are a high-risk population for type II HIT . For patients with 4T's score ≥6, immediate HIT management should be initiated regardless of antibody test results, including discontinuation of all heparin agents and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulation. Through participation in therapeutic decision-making, optimization of anticoagulation regimens, and adverse reaction monitoring, clinical pharmacists can effectively ensure medication safety in hemodialysis patients complicated with HIT. More>>

Therapeutic heterogeneity and research advances of colchicine in cardiovascular diseases 秋水仙碱治疗心血管疾病的疗效异质性及研究进展

RUAN Xiaobao, QIU Jinghui, PENG Cheng, XIE Hehui

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505038

Colchicine, a classic anti-inflammatory agent, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. Given the pivotal role of inflammation in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the clinical value of colchicine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases has attracted significant attention. Diabetes mellitus （DM） induces severe and irreversible vascular complications, among which cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, existing research indicates heterogeneity in the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine among patients with cardiovascular diseases and those with diabetes complicated by cardiovascular conditions. The heterogeneity manifests as differences in efficacy across various disease stages, patient baseline characteristics, specific cardiovascular event types, endpoint definitions, and treatment regimens. The current domestic and international research findings on colchicine in relation to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients were reviewed in this paper, which aimed to elucidate the underlying causes of this efficacy heterogeneity and provided evidence-based guidance and reference for the precise identification of potential beneficiary populations and the optimization of individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice. More>>

The efficacy and safety of once-a-week tirzepatide in adults with obesity: A Meta-analysis 替尔泊肽周制剂对成人肥胖患者的有效性及安全性Meta分析

LUAN Zenghui, YAN Meixing, LV Fuyun, LIU Bensheng, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512033

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of once-weekly tirzepatide in participants with obesity. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and The ClinicalTrails.gov identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of Tirzepatide with placebo in adults with obesity, and searched the databases up to July, 2025. The quality of literature was evaluated after they were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.3 and R 4.4.2 software, and analyzed the efficacy with different dose. Results This study included 11 articles, with 7570 obesity participants. The Meta-analysis results showed that with the dose growing up, tirzepatide is more effective in weight loss, waist circumference loss, body mass index loss, achievement of ≥5%, ≥10% and ≥15% weight loss comparing with placebo. Gastrointestinal side effects were common but generally mild. Conclusion Once-a-week tirzepatide appears to be effective and generally well-tolerated in adults with overweight or obesity. More>>

Mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA in ameliorating acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques 基于网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨丹参酮ⅡA改善对乙酰氨基酚致肝损伤的作用机制

ZHANG Tingyan, LI Tingting, YUAN Xiaofeng, ZHANG Chuan, et al

2026, 44(8): 417-425. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412022

Objective To investigate the potential protective mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA against acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, low-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （5 mg/kg）, medium-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （10 mg/kg） and high-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （20 mg/kg）. All groups were intragastrically administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, except for the normal group, mice in the remaining groups were intraperitoneally injected with 400 mg/kg APAP to establish the acute lung injury （ALI） model. The protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA was evaluated based on the liver weight ratio, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and HE staining. Targets of tanshinone ⅡA were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TCMSP）, and a shared target protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING） 11.5 in combination with disease targets from GeneCards. The Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. The molecular docking between tanshinone ⅡA and the core targets was performed by AutoDock and visualised. Results Compared with the normal group, the liver weight ratio and serum aminotransferase level of mice with acute liver injury were significantly elevated （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury of liver tissue was obvious. After tanshinone ⅡA treatment, the above index were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury was significantly improved. Further network pharmacological analysis was carried out and found that KEGG pathway enrichment analysis focused on IL-17 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor （TNF） signaling pathway, etc. In addition, the PPI core network showed that the key targets of tanshinone ⅡA to ameliorate acute liver injury mainly included TP53, AKT1, SRC, TNF and JUN. The molecular docking results showed that tanshinone ⅡA had high binding scores with the targets of MMP9, NFKB1, TNF, EP300 and SMAD3; and was able to bind to the targets of TP53, AKT1, SRC and JUN. Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA may play a protective role against acute liver injury by regulating genes such as AKT1, JUN and TNF, and participating in signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17. More>>

Amelioration chloride-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm injury by activation of α7nAChR s calcium in mice 激活α7nAChR改善氯化钙诱导的小鼠腹主动脉瘤损伤研究

ZHANG Wenjing, FU Hui, GUO Xiaobin, GUO Hao

2026, 44(8): 400-407. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045

Objective To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl₂）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice. Methods AAA model was induced by CaCl₂ in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR^−/−） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl₂-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, Elasticavan Gieson （EVG） staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-blot （WB） with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR. Results Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl₂-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon. Conclusion Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl₂-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response. More>>

Research progress on the application potential and mechanism of elemental sulfur in the treatment of skin diseases 硫单质在皮肤病治疗中的应用潜力及其作用机制研究进展

KOU Erwen, ZHANG Xiaobei, WANG Bo, ZHU Yuanjie

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509041

As a traditional Chinese medicine, elemental sulfur has long been used for the treatment of scabies and tinea. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the biological function of elemental sulfur, its function has been extended to the treatment of acne, eczema, rosacea and other skin diseases, and the various mechanisms of elemental sulfur involved in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases are gradually being elucidated: the dual regulatory effect of elemental sulfur on skin keratinization, anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, and insecticide-killing effect. However, the therapeutic effects and specific mechanisms of action of this drug vary in different diseases, and the related research still need to be improved. In addition, the effects of elemental sulfur on pharmacokinetics and skin healing need to be further explored. The application status and mechanism of elemental sulfur in common skin diseases were systematically reviewed in this paper, which and provided a new perspective for the future development of elemental sulfur in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases. More>>

The content research on malonyl-ginsenoside Rb3 in different tissues of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng 人参、西洋参和三七的不同部位丙二酰人参皂苷Rb3含量研究

CUI Xiaoxue, WANG Yingxia, ZHOU Guangxin, HUANG Xiaoyu, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410049

Objective To compare the contents of malonyl-ginsenosides Rb3 （MG-Rb3） in different parts, including roots, stems, leaves and flowers, of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng. To explore the effects of two drying methods, constant temperature drying and vacuum freeze drying on their contents. Methods The contents of MG-Rb3 in P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng were compared based on HPLC analysis, using enzymatically synthesized MG-Rb3 as the reference standard. Results The buds of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium exhibited relatively high levels of MG-Rb3, which were approximately 7.3-18.1 times and 2.8-4.3 times higher than those found in the roots, respectively, and the lowest contents were detected in the stems. The content of MG-Rb3 in P. notoginseng flower buds was about 31.2 times higher than that in leaves. The content of MG-Rb3 in the buds treated by constant temperature drying was about 1-1.1 times that of using vacuum freeze drying. Conclusion The highest content of MG-Rb3 was detected in the flower buds of P. ginseng and P. notoginseng, and the content of MG-Rb3 in leaves of P. quinquefolium was the highest. Content of MG-Rb3 in the buds after constant temperature drying was slightly higher than that of using vacuum freeze drying. More>>

The efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of elderly patients with post-stroke depression, and its effect on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokine 有氧运动联合舍曲林治疗老年卒中后抑郁的疗效以及对认知功能和炎性细胞因子的影响

ZHU Laiyun, WANG Nuan, SUN Lingchen, ZHAO Chao

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508024

Objective To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD） in elderly patients and its effects on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines. Methods 70 elderly PSD patients admitted to the Xuzhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University from June 2022 to December 2024 were selected as study objects. Patients were randomly divided into control group treated with sertraline and study group treated with aerobic exercise combined with sertraline. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） scores, the clinical efficacy, cognitive function [Mini Mental State Examination （MMSE）], and the levels of inflammatory cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α） were compared before and after treatment. Results No significant differences in baseline data were observed between the two groups before treatment. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, HAMD scores were significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups （all P<0.05）. The study group showed significantly lower HAMD scores than the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The overall clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the study group （94.29%） than in the control group （77.14%）（P<0.05）. MMSE scores were significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks（all P<0.05）, and the study group demonstrated significantly higher MMSE scores than the control group at both time points （all P<0.05）. Similarly, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The reductions in these inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group （all P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.57% in the control group and 5.71% in the study group, with no statistically significant difference （P>0.05）. Conclusion The combination of aerobic exercise and sertraline is a safe and reliable therapeutic strategy for elderly PSD patients, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving cognitive function, and reducing systemic inflammation. More>>

Efficacy and safety comparison of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis EGFR-TKIs单药及其联合方案在晚期非小细胞肺癌一线治疗中的疗效与安全性比较：网状Meta分析

CHEN Guanxu, SONG Yutong, GUO Xiuqiang, ZHANG Mi, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients. Results A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics. Conclusion Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance. More>>

The Evolutionary Pattern of Meaning in Life Among University Students and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms 高校大学生生命意义感的演变模式及其与抑郁症状的关联

YU Yongju, HE Min

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380

This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students. More>>

The preventive and therapeutic effects of three ethanol extracts derived from three sources of Stellera chamaejasme L., on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice 三种狼毒乙醇提取物对咪喹莫特诱导的银屑病小鼠防治作用研究

PENG Ying, LIU Xin, NIE Yiwen, WANG Xinhe, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029

Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice. Methods Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice. Results Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions. More>>

Isolation of Rhizobacteria from Crocus Sativus L.Rhizosphere and Their Effects on Host-Growth Promotion 一株番红花根际促生菌SR383的鉴定及其对宿主生长的促进作用

SU Qingqin, LI Hanbai, YING Bufan, XU Jingchao, et al

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505023

Objective To explore the potential application of rhizosphere microbes in promoting the growth of saffron crocus and their roles in improving soil quality and reducing environmental stress. Methods Rhizosphere bacteria were identified from the rhizosphere soil of Crocus Sativus L. and their growth-promoting characteristics were studied. Field trials were conducted to assess the impact of inoculating rhizosphere bacteria on the growth of C. Sativus corms, and their effects on the number of rhizosphere soil microbes, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity were analyzed. Results The strain SR383 effectively produced plant hormones and demonstrated potential in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium release. The field application of SR383 led to increasement of fresh weight and leaf length of C. Sativus, as well as enhanced levels of microbial populations and enzyme activity in the soil. Conclusion As a potential plant growth promoter, SR383 can significantly stimulate the growth of saffron crocus and ameliorate soil quality, providing a scientific basis for its application as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in saffron crocus production. More>>

Research and application progress on recognition components of surface plasmon resonance sensors in the pharmaceutical field 表面等离子共振传感器的识别元件在医药领域中的研究应用进展

WANG Xiaofei, ZHANG Ying, GU Jiayu, HU Xiner, et al

2025, 43(5): 205-212, 221. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309014

Surface plasmon resonance （SPR） sensor is an optical detection technique enables real-time and dynamic monitoring of biological samples. SPR-based biosensors have remarkable characteristics such as label-free detection and high sensitivity, making them important tools for studying molecular interactions. The recognition element, which plays a critical role in SPR sensors,which could specifically identify and capture of target analytes, closely influencing the selectivity performance of the sensor. The progress on SPR sensors in pharmaceutical research were reviewed, which focused on the application of recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal nanoparticles. More>>

Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on hypertensive rats 烟酰胺单核苷酸口服给药对高血压大鼠的影响

WEI Yuchen, TIAN Jiasheng, WANG Daoxin, LING Qisheng, et al

2025, 43(5): 213-221. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412006

Objective To explore the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide （NMN） on hypertensive rats. Methods Two rat hypertension models including spontaneously hypertensive rats（SHR）and two-kidney two-clip （2K2C） rats were used to be given single, long-term or lifelong administration of NMN respectively. NMN’s effects were assessed comprehensively by monitoring survival time, blood pressure levels, and the extent of organ damage in hypertensive model rats. Results It was revealed that NMN did not exhibit protective effects in terms of lowering blood pressure levels, reducing organ damage or increasing survival time in hypertensive rats. Conclusion This study suggested that NMN did not demonstrate anti-hypertensive effects in rat hypertension models and could provide valuable insights for future clinical observation on NMN. More>>

Exploration of the role and mechanism of ORM1 in promoting hepatocyte proliferation ORM1促肝细胞增殖的作用及其机制探索

YANG Jinrun, LI Xiang, SUN Yang

2025, 43(5): 222-227. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410014

Objective To investigate the role and signaling pathway mechanism of Orosomucoid-1（ORM1）in hepatocyte proliferation. Methods The expression data of ORM1 after liver resection from the GEO database were analyzed. The effects of ORM1 on hepatocyte proliferation were assessed after overexpressing ORM1 or supplementing exogenous ORM1 in liver cells. Cell proliferation was evaluated by the CCK8 assay. RNA sequencing （RNA-seq） was performed on liver tissues from ORM1 knockout mice and wildtype littermates to analyze gene expression, and KEGG enrichment analysis was employed to explore the molecular mechanisms by which ORM1 regulates hepatocyte proliferation. Results After partial liver resection in mice, ORM1 expression increased during the liver regeneration process. In vitro, ORM1 promoted the proliferation of murine Hepa1-6 hepatocytes and human HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. RNA-seq analysis of liver tissues from ORM1 knockout mice indicated that ORM1 influenced several proliferation-related pathways, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Hippo, and Jak-Stat pathways. Upon ORM1 knockout, the expression of pro-proliferative genes such as Ctgf, Tcf7, Tead1, Il6ra, and Lepr decreased, while the expression of anti-proliferative genes such as Cish and Gadd45a increased. Conclusion ORM1 may promote hepatocyte proliferation by regulating key genes in cell proliferation-related pathways, including the PI3K-Akt, MAPK, Hippo and Jak-Stat pathways. More>>

Effects of long-term administration of nicotiflorin on neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury 菸花苷长期给药对脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠神经功能的影响

FENG Yifan, YAN Xiaodong, ZHANG Wenbin, LI Bingfeng, et al

2025, 43(5): 228-234. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202407038

Objective To explore the promoting effect of long-term administration of nicotiflorin on the recovery of neurological function in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury （CIRI）. Methods The CIRI model was established and nicotiflorin was injected intraperitoneally after 1 hour of obstruction for 8 weeks. Tail suspension deflection experiment, balance beam experiment and water maze test were performed in the 2nd, 4th and 8th weeks. After 8 weeks, TTC staining was used to observe the volume of infarct atrophy, transcriptome sequencing was employed to screen differential expressed genes （DEGs） and highly enriched pathways were analyzed, Western-bloting and Elisa were used to assess proteins expression related to the pyroptosis pathway and inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Results By long-term administration of nicotiflorin, the contralateral deflection rate was significantly reduced and beam experiment score of CIRI rats was balanced, the number of crossing the platform in water maze test was increased （P<0.05）, the volume of cerebral infarction atrophy was decreased （P<0.01）, which significantly promoted the recovery of neurological function in rats. Transcriptome sequencing found that the expression of genes in the pyroptosis-related signaling pathways in the brain tissue of rats in the nicotiflorin group was significantly down-regulated （P<0.05）. Western-blot and Elisa experiments showed that nicotiflorin reduced the expression levels of Caspase-1 and GSDMD-N and other pyroptosis-related proteins, and at the same time, the release of inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-18 was significantly reduced （P<0.05）, indicating that nicotiflorin could inhibit the inflammatory process of pyroptosis. Conclusion Nicotiflorin exhibited a significant long-term promotion effect on the recovery of neurological function in CIRI rats, which potentially attributed from its ability to inhibit pyroptosis. More>>

Design, synthesis and degradation activity of PROTAC targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease 靶向SARS-CoV-2主蛋白酶的PROTAC设计、合成与蛋白降解活性研究

WEI Lai, DONG Guoqiang, SHENG Chunquan

2025, 43(5): 235-241, 258. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503063

Objective To design and synthesize PROTAC degraders targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease （M^pro）based on PROTAC technology. Methods Compound 3w was used as the M^pro ligand, and the indole N atom in the solvent-exposed region was selected as the linker attachment site. A series of M^pro PROTACs were designed and synthesized by conjugating compound 3w with the CRBN ligand pomalidomide through alkane linkers of different lengths. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and HRMS. Western Blot analysis was employed to evaluate their degradation activity and explore its mechanism in M^pro-HEK-293T cells. Results Four novel M^pro PROTACs（ A1 - A4 ）were successfully synthesized. The most potent compound A4 demonstrated M^pro degradation activity with a DC₅₀ value of 5.2 μmol/L, and its degradation mechanism was validated. Conclusion A novel class of M^pro PROTAC degraders were successfully designed and synthesized, and their protein degradation capability and mechanism of action were demonstrated. These results provided lead compounds for the research and development of antiviral degraders against SARS-CoV-2. More>>

Molecular mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in treatment of cancer cachexia based on network pharmacology 基于网络药理学探讨参苓白术散治疗肿瘤恶病质的作用机制

KE Gang, DONG Qingke, XIAO Shirong, GONG Qian, et al

2025, 43(5): 242-250. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202208115

Objective To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia based on the network pharmacological method and provide a reference for the clinical application of classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions. Methods Through TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, the main chemical components and their targets of the TCM prescription of Shenling Baizhu powder were obtained, and the active components of the TCM were screened according to ADME. The main targets of cancer cachexia were obtained through OMIM, Genecards, Disgenet and DRUGBANK databases, and protein interaction analysis was conducted using String platform to build a PPI network. The “drug-active ingredient-target” network of Shenling Baizhu powder was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and then the biological processes and pathways involved were analyzed by using Metascape platform. Finally, molecular docking verification was conducted by Discovery Studio. Results The core active ingredients of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia were quercetin, kaempferol, pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, etc. The core targets were AKT1, TP53, TNF, IL-6, MAPK3, CASP3, JUN, CTNNB1, HIF1A, EGFR, etc. The molecular docking test also showed that the top 10 active ingredients, such as pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, had good binding activities with most of the target sites. The biological pathway of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia wss mainly to regulate tumor related pathway, metabolism related pathway, inflammatory factors and appetite related pathway. Conclusion This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism of action of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia with multi components, multi targets and multi pathways, which provided a basis for the clinical development and utilization of Shenling Baizhu powder. More>>

Quality evaluation of Abri Mollis Herba 毛鸡骨草药材的质量评价

LIN Xingmei, LI Huiping, WANG Ting, ZHANG Chengzhong, et al

2025, 43(5): 251-258. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410021

Objective To establish a quality evaluation method for Abri Mollis Herba based on its morphological characteristics, microscopic features, and the determination of principal component contents. Methods The morphological characteristics of Abri Mollis Herba were identified by morphological authentication methods. Microscopic techniques were employed to observe the microscopic features of both the powdered form and cross-sectional tissue of Abri Mollis Herba. Additionally, a high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was developed to establish the quantify the main components, abrine and soyasaponin Bb, in Abri Mollis Herba. Results The morphological characteristics of Abri Mollis Herba were defined by numerous long pubescence on both the upper and lower surfaces of the leaflets, with indistinct veins and vein islands. The microscopic features mainly included non-glandular hairs, prismatic crystals, and crystal-sheathed fibers in the powdered form. In the root cross-section, xylem bundles, rays, vessels, and stone cells were visible. The stem cross-section displayed rays, vessels, and a hollow pith, while the leaf cross-section revealed collateral vascular bundles, vessels, and prismatic crystals. Conclusion The quality of Abri Mollis Herba could be effectively evaluated by the combination of morphological identification, microscopic authentication, and the quantification of main components abrine and soyasaponin Bb . More>>

Research progress on Sophora Flavescens of traditional Chinese medicine 中药苦参的研究进展

LIU Mengxiao, CHEN Linlin, WANG Yan, ZHANG Junping

2025, 43(4): 156-162. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406053

Sophora Flavescens is the dried root of the leguminous plant Sophora Flavescens Ait. It was first published in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic. Sophora Flavescens contains a variety of active ingredients, mainly including matrine and oxymatrine, with anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-arrhythmia, disease-resistant pathogenic microorganisms and other pharmacological effects. Clinically, the compound preparations of Sophora Flavescens include Compound KuShen injection and KuShen gel and so on, which can be used to treat many types of cancers and improve skin, mucous pruritus, pain and other symptoms. Due to the poor bioavailability, the structure of matrine needs to be reformed. MASM, matrine derivative, only needs a low concentration to have a good therapeutic effect on sepsis and liver fibrosis. In this article, the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, compound preparations and structural modification of matrine were mainly discussed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Sophora Flavescens and the development of new drugs. More>>

Research progress on anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of matrine and its derivatives 苦参碱及衍生物的抗炎作用及其机制研究进展

TAO Gongjia, CHEN Linlin, SONG Zecheng, LIU Mengxiao, et al

2025, 43(4): 163-168, 194. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406035

Matrine is an alkaloid compound isolated and extracted from the traditional Chinese medicinal plant Sophora flavescens, which has anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral effects. However, its clinical application has been limited due to its low in vivo activity, short duration of efficacy, and significant toxic side effects. In response to this challenge, pharmaceutical experts modified the structure of Matrine to obtain derivatives that addressed its limitations. Currently, research on the anti-tumor effects of Matrine and its derivatives is more prevalent, while research in inflammatory-related diseases still needs further strengthening.The progress on the role and mechanism of Matrine and its derivatives in inflammatory diseases were summarized in this paper, which offered valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents based on Matrine. More>>

Quorum-sensing inhibition of flavonoid glycosides from Epimedium brevicornum 淫羊藿中黄酮苷类化合物的群体感应抑制作用研究

JIANG Xianrui, DUAN Yaqian, LIU Chang, ZHANG Chengzhong

2025, 43(4): 169-173. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409060

Objective To identify flavonoid glycosides with quorum sensing inhibitory activity from Epimedium brevicornum and evaluate their bioactivity. Methods The minimum inhibitory concentrations （MICs） of five major flavonoid glycosides （baohuoside, icariin, epimedin A/B/C） and the extract of E. brevicornum were firstly determined. Subsequently, the inhibitory effects on the production of purple pigments in Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 were measured. Additionally, the biofilm formation and chitin quantification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were assessed. Results The extract of E. brevicornum and its primary components exhibited significant quorum sensing inhibitory activity. Particularly, icariin and epimedin C demonstrated superior inhibitory activity. Conclusion E. brevicornum demonstrates the ability to inhibit the quorum sensing system of Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, icariin and epimedin C （100 μg/ml） show promise for development into novel drugs for quorum sensing inhibitor. More>>

Study on leaf epidermal microstructure of medicinal blue herbs 蓝草类药材基原植物叶片表皮显微结构研究

BAI Yunjun, ZHAO Yuyang, JIN Yan, FU Lu, et al

2025, 43(4): 174-179. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404069

Objective The complex evolutionary history of the origin of medicinal blue herbs might result in the presence of adulterants, affecting the accuracy and safety of clinical medication. To provide a reference basis for the identification of medicinal blue herbs with leaves as the medicinal part, based on the leaf epidermis microstructure. Methods The species belonging to medicinal blue herbs and their close relatives (10 species from 4 genera) were systematically investigated. The leaf epidermis microstructure of these species was observed and analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A species retrieval table was established based on the microstructure characteristics. Results By combining the distribution of stomata, types of subsidiary cells, stomatal index, stomatal density, characteristics of the periclinal walls of epidermal cells, and epidermal appendages, the species Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum, Polygonum tinctorium, Isatis indigotica, I. violascens, I. costata, I. minima, Strobilanthes wallichii, S. dalzielii, S. pentstemonoides, and S. cusia can be accurately distinguished. Conclusion Microscopic characteristics of leaf epidermis can provide reference data for accurately differentiating the botanical origins of medicinal blue herbs. More>>

Effect of hypertension on cardiovascular fibrosis and sFRP2 expression in rats 高血压对大鼠心血管纤维化及sFRP2表达的影响

XU Yao, MA Chunhui, LI Zhiyong

2025, 43(4): 180-184. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409055

Objective To investigate the effect of spontaneous hypertension on the remodeling of cardiac and aortic tissues in rats, with special attention to the changes in the content of collagen fibers, elastic fibers and secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 （sFRP2） in cardiac and aortic tissues. Methods 28-week-old SHR rats （Spontaneously Hypertensive rats） and WKY （Wistar-Kyoto rats） of the same age were selected as experimental animals. Cardiac load was assessed by calculating the cardiac weight index. Collagen fibers and elastic fibers were isolated from the rat thoracic aorta by hot alkali method, and their content was determined by biochemical analysis. In addition, pathological evaluation of tissue sections of the left ventricle and thoracic aorta were performed by H&E staining, Sirius red staining, and lichen red staining. Western blotting was used to determine the expression level of sFRP2 protein in cardiac tissues. Results Compared with WKY rats, the heart weight index of SHR rats increased significantly （P<0.001）, and the results of biochemical analysis and staining of pathological sections showed that the content of collagen fibers in the aorta in the SHR group was higher than that in the WKY group, while the content of elastic fibers was lower, but the difference did not have statistical significance. The content of collagen fibers in the heart of the SHR group was significantly higher than that in the WKY group （P<0.01）. Western blotting showed that there was no significant difference in the expression level of sFRP2 protein in heart tissues between the two groups. Conclusion The remodeling of cardiac and aortic tissues in a rat model of spontaneous hypertension may involve complex molecular mechanisms, not just changes in the content of collagen fibers and elastic fibers. The detailed mechanism of the progression of spontaneous hypertension and target organs damage still need further investigation. More>>

Rapid determination of tramadol in urine by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy 表面增强拉曼光谱法快速测定尿液中曲马多的研究

YAO Xiaojing, JI Peiying, LU Feng, SHI Guorong, et al

2025, 43(4): 185-189. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202401072

Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of tramadol in urine by liquid-liquid extraction（LLE）-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS）. Methods Tramadol was extracted from urine with chloroform∶isopropyl alcohol （9∶1） extractant and detected in urine samples by enhanced Raman spectroscopy （wavelength 785 nm）. Results The quantitative curve of tramadol was Y=204.35 X−465.62, r=0.9952, and the linear range was 1-100 μg/ml. The detection limit of tramadol by this method （S/N=3） was 0.53 μg/ml. The sensitivity of SERS was higher than that of conventional methods, and it had reasonable reproducibility. Conclusion This method is simple, efficient and economical, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tramadol personalized medicine. More>>

Research progresses on Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in inflammatory diseases Keap1-Nrf2通路在炎症疾病中的研究进展

ZHOU Wenyan, HU Shanshan, ZHANG Wannian, ZHUANG Chunlin

2025, 43(3): 97-108, 116. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405013

The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway has been shown to be an important defense mechanism against oxidative stress, which may be an effective therapeutic strategy for many diseases. The research progresses on Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in inflammatory diseases were mainly reviewed. The basic components and activation mechanism of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway were introduced. The relationship between Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and the crosstalk between NF-κB pathway and HO-1 pathway, the expression of inflammatory mediators and enzymes, and inflammatory bodies were expounded. Natural product-derived inhibitors, small molecule inhibitors targeting Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and their clinical progress were introduced, and the potential application value of Keap1-Nrf2 pathway in the treatment of inflammation was discussed. More>>

Progress on mRNA tumor vaccine with non-viral delivery system mRNA肿瘤疫苗非病毒递送系统研究进展

ZHOU Jiao, ZHENG Jianyu, WANG Sizhen, YANG Feng

2025, 43(3): 109-116. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410034

At the end of 2020, the FDA issued emergency use authorization for two mRNA vaccines（BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273）, which had provided important support in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The great success of these COVID-19 vaccines based on non-viral vectors has promoted the research and application of mRNA vaccines in the treatment of diseases such as tumors. Compared with virus-based delivery systems, non-viral carriers have significant advantages in biological safety and versatility. Therefore, non-viral vectors have become a research hotshot for mRNA tumor vaccines. In this paper, the latest research progress on lipid nanoparticles, polymers, peptides and inorganic materials were introduced. In addition, recent clinical trials of mRNA tumor vaccines were reviewed and the challenges and prospects of non-viral vectors in clinical transformation of mRNA tumor vaccines were discussed. More>>

Construction and validation of a platelet-specific Metrnl gene knockout mouse model 血小板特异性Metrnl基因敲除小鼠模型的构建与验证

CHEN Canxin, MIAO Zhuwei, MIAO Chaoyu

2025, 43(3): 117-123. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409031

Objective To construct the platelet-specific Metrnl gene knockout （Plt-Metrnl^-/-）mice model. Methods Based on the Cre-LoxP system, Metrnl^loxp/loxp mice, previously constructed in our laboratory, were mated with Pf4-Cre mice to generate Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice. The genotypes of the offspring were identified, and tissues of the platelet, other peripheral blood cells, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, colon, and bone marrow were collected. The expression of the Metrnl gene in Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and western blot. Also, the blood routine index was tested in Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice. Results Compared with wild-type mice, the level of Metrnl protein in platelets was significantly decreased in Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice. There was no significant difference in mRNA and protein levels of other peripheral blood cells and tissues, as well as in blood routine index, growth, and development between Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice and WT mice. Conclusion Platelet-specific Metrnl knockout mice（Plt-Metrnl^-/- mice）model was successfully constructed. More>>

Design, synthesis and antifungal and antitumor activity research of novel Hsp90 inhibitors 新型Hsp90抑制剂的设计合成及其抗真菌和抗肿瘤活性研究

SHI Qiao, HAN Guiyan, ZHANG Junteng, LIU Na

2025, 43(3): 124-135. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202501019

Objective To design and synthesize novel Hsp90 inhibitors with dual functions of synergistically enhancing the antifungal activity of fluconazole （FLC） against drug-resistant fungi and anti-tumor activity based on the Hsp90 inhibitor Ganetespib. Methods The previous research found that Ganetespib had a good synergistic anti-resistant fungal activity with FLC, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index （FICI） of 0.023 to 0.039. In this study, structural modifications were made to Ganetespib by replacing its indole ring with a phenyl ring containing different substituents to design and synthesize a series of new compounds. The in vitro synergistic anti-resistant fungal activity against C. albicans 0304103 in combination with FLC, anti-tumor activity （against HEL, HL60 and A549 cells）, and Hsp90α inhibition activity were determined to explore their structure-activity relationship and mechanism of action. Results The chemical structures of 19 new compounds were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR and HRMS. Most of the compounds exhibited strong Hsp90α inhibitory activity, good synergistic activity against drug-resistant fungi in combination with FLC and anti-tumor activity. The substitution of electron-donating groups on the benzene ring was beneficial to enhancing the synergistic activity against drug-resistant fungi in combination with FLC. Among them, compounds F3 and F5 showed excellent synergistic activity against drug-resistant fungi in combination with FLC （FICI were both 0.047） and anti-tumor activity （IC₅₀ were 0.025 to 0.15 μmol/L and 0.021 to 0.23 μmol/L respectively）, and could down-regulate the expression levels of drug resistance genes and efflux pump genes in fungi, inhibit the formation of fungal biofilms, and arrest the cell cycle of HEL cells at G0/G1 phase. Conclusion The novel Hsp90 inhibitors such as F3 and F5 could both effectively exert the dual activities of synergizing with FLC to combat drug-resistant fungi and fight against tumors, which provided a new idea for the development of new drugs with dual functions of synergizing with FLC to combat drug-resistant fungi and fight against tumors. More>>

Study on the synergistic antifungal effects of caspofungin acetate loaded glyceryl monostearate nanoparticle on Candida albicans 醋酸卡泊芬净单硬脂酸甘油酯纳米粒抗白色念珠菌感染的增效作用研究

GUO Lingyi, LIU Yanchao, GAO Lu, LIU Ruiyao, et al

2025, 43(3): 136-142, 150. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310043

Objective To prepare and characterize caspofungin acetate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using glycerol monostearate （CAS-SLNs）, and investigate the antifungal effect of potentiation on Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for the determination of caspofungin acetate （CAS）. CAS-SLNs were prepared by the melt-emulsification method and characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC） and the inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm were determined. A systemic infection model of Candida albicans was established in mice, and the growth curve models for body weight and fungal load of kidneys of the animals were investigated after intravenous infection. Results The retention time of CAS was 6.8 min. The calibration curve showed good linearity, and the precision and stability met the requirements of the assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CAS-SLNs were spherical, with a particle size of （135.97±1.73） nm. The Zeta potential was （19.33±0.37） mV, drug loading was （7.55±0.68）%, and encapsulation efficiency was （67.71±1.74）%. CAS-SLNs showed significant in vitro antifungal inhibition with a MIC of 9.78×10⁻⁴ g/ml, which was significantly better than CAS group and the physical mixture group of CAS and GMS, as well as the same biofilm inhibition was observed （P<0.001）. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CAS-SLNs maintained stable body weight gain compared to the control （P<0.01） and CAS groups in Candida albicans invasive infection model, and that CAS-SLNs significantly reduced renal fungal burden load relative to the CAS group （P<0.05）. In vivo study revealed that a stable body weight was maintained in CAS-SLNs group compared to the control group （P<0.01） in Candida albicans invasive infection model. CAS-SLNs also significantly reduced renal fungal load compared to the CAS group （P<0.05）. Conclusion CAS-SLNs significantly enhanced the antifungal effects of CAS in vitro and in vivo, which provided a valuable insight for the research of new formulation of CAS. More>>

Network pharmacological mechanism of Danshen Baizhu prescription on the treatment of coronary heart disease, vascular dementia and idiopathic membranous nephropathy 丹参白术方“异病同治”冠心病、血管性痴呆、特发性膜性肾病的网络药理学作用机制研究

XU Lulu, LIU Aijun

2025, 43(3): 143-150. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312027

Objective To investigate the material basis and mechanism of Danshen Baizhu prescription in coronary heart disease, vascular dementia and idiopathic membranous nephropathy based on network pharmacology. Methods TCMSP, PubChem, UniProt, GeneCards, OMIM, and DrugBank databases were used to obtain drug and disease targets, and the TCM-compound-drug target network, compound-common target-disease network, and protein-protein interaction map were drawn by STRING database and Cytoscape software, and gene enrichment analysis was performed by Metascape database. Results A total of 164 active compounds, 509 potential targets, and 141 common targets were screened out. The main active ingredients were Tanshinone II A, Isorhamnetin, Quercetin, Luteolin, Kampferol, β-sitosterol, Stigmasterol, etc. The key targets were albumin, interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor , serine/threonine kinase 1, vascular endothelial growth factor A , mainly enriching in the positive regulation of cell migration, cell viability, protein phosphorylation, responsing to growth factors, oxidative stress and other biological processes and lipid and atherosclerosis, MAPK, atherosclerosis and fluid shear force, AGE-RAGE, IL-17, PI3K-Akt and other signaling pathways. Conclusion The mechanism of action of Danshen Baizhu prescription for coronary heart disease, vascular dementia and idiopathic membranous nephropathy may mainly play a role in multiple targets and pathways such as inhibition of inflammation, inhibition of oxidative stress, and vasodilation. More>>

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Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of treatment of urticaria with topical ointments of traditional Chinese medicine

PENG Jiahui, YAN Xinwei, CHEN Yin, GAO Wenya, XU Youqi, FENG Shuyi, ZHU Guangwei, SI Nan

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202605002

Abstract(0) HTML(0) PDF (2027KB)(0)

Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of topical traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） ointments in treating urticaria and to analyze their Therapeutic value. Methods Computerized searches were conducted in Chinese and English databases such as CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMbase. Relevant randomized controlled trials （RCTs） were manually extracted. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to December 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and used the Cochrane RoB 2.0 tool to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. The GRADE system was used for evaluating the quality of evidence. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Results A total of 9 RCTs were included, involving 828 patients, predominantly pediatric patients with papular urticaria. The meta-analysis results showed that compared with conventional treatment interventions, the topical TCM ointment had significant advantages in improving the cure rate [RR=1.33, 95% CI（1.17, 1.51）, P < 0.01], total effective rate [RR=1.09, 95% CI（1.04, 1.14）, P<0.01], and the incidence of adverse reactions [RR=0.29, 95% CI（0.11, 0.76）, P=0.01] of patients with urticaria. Subgroup analysis showed that this advantage existed in different intervention combinations and control formulations. The adverse reactions reported in the included studies were mild and transient, and some studies did not report obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion Based on the current evidence, the topical TCM ointment for treating urticaria shows significant advantages over conventional treatment interventions in improving the clinical improvement rate and cure rate, and has good safety. This supports the important position and application prospects of this Chinese herbal formulation in the treatment of pediatric papular urticaria, providing evidence-based references for rational and effective clinical medication and the development of topical preparations.

Causal association between meningioma and asthma: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

LIU Liyan, CHANG Zheng, SUN Chuanduo, WANG Lingling, KONG Xianghui, YU Kefu

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603035

Abstract(799) HTML(433) PDF (1928KB)(7)

Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the causal association between meningioma and asthma using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization （MR） approach. Methods Genome-wide association study （GWAS） data were used to select single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） associated with meningioma and asthma as instrumental variables, respectively. The inverse variance weighted （IVW） method was applied as the primary analytical approach. Causal effects were quantified using odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95%CI）. Heterogeneity among instrumental variables was assessed by Cochran's Q test, horizontal pleiotropy was examined using the MR-Egger regression intercept test, and sensitivity analyses were performed using leave-one-out validation. A funnel plot was used to visually evaluate the symmetry of effect estimates across SNPs. Results IVW analysis indicated a positive causal effect of meningioma on the risk of asthma （OR= 1.15,95%CI:1.10–1.20, P<0.05）. Heterogeneity tests showed no significant heterogeneity among the selected SNPs （IVW Q-test P = 0.34; MR-Egger Q-test P = 0.82）. The MR-Egger intercept test revealed no horizontal pleiotropy （P>0.05）. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis suggested that no single SNP substantially influenced the overall estimate, and the funnel plot showed symmetric distribution of SNP effects, supporting robust and reliable results. Reverse-direction MR found no statistically significant causal effect of asthma on meningioma risk （OR= 0.93, 95%CI: 0.80–1.09, P=0.36）. Conclusion This two-sample bidirectional MR study provides evidence that meningioma may be an independent causal risk factor for an increased risk of asthma, whereas asthma shows no significant causal effect on meningioma risk, thus not supporting the existence of a reverse causal relationship.

The impact of medication therapy management on medication adherence and medication cognition in patients with coronary heart disease

LIU Yanping

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202510037

Abstract(560) HTML(371) PDF (851KB)(212)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of medication therapy management （MTM） on medication adherence, medication knowledge, and incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADRs） in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the Medication Knowledge Assessment Scale were established. Sixty patients with CHD who received pharmaceutical outpatient services from October 2023 to March 2025 were selected and divided into the MTM group and the control group using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine pharmaceutical outpatient counseling and conventional treatment, the MTM group received clinical pharmacist-led MTM services in addition to routine pharmaceutical outpatient counseling and conventional treatment. Analyze the medication adherence, medication cognition, and incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention at 0 months, 1 month, and 6 months, respectively. Results After 6 months, the medication adherence and medication knowledge in the MTM group were 7.20±0.43, 17.92±0.73 respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group （4.83±0.83, 11.20±1.55, respectively）. The incidence of ADRs in the MTM group was 16.67%, which was significantly lower than those in the control group（43.33%）. The differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion MTM could significantly improve medication adherence and medication knowledge in patients with CHD, reduce the incidence of ADRs, and enhance the safety and efficacy of medication use for patients.

Research progress on network pharmacology in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease with traditional Chinese medicine

SHEN Shuqi, WANG Hui, CHEN Xiaofei, HONG Zhanying

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202210036

Abstract(866) HTML(509) PDF (913KB)(8)

Abstract:
With the aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease（AD）has become a common disease in the elderly. Because of its complex pathogenesis and the limited clinical drugs which can only improve the symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）shows great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. Its multi-component and multi-target characteristics coincide with the network pharmacology's emphasis on multi-channel regulation of signal pathways. This paper summarized the common websites and tools of network pharmacology, as well as the application of network pharmacology in the research of AD, and provided reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of AD using traditional Chinese medicine.

Clinical pharmacist involved pharmaceutical care for antibody negative heparin induced thrombocytopenia type ⅱ in hemodialysis patients

JIANG Xianrui¹, LYU Jiayi²

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603024

Abstract(1199) HTML(626) PDF (989KB)(15)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical recognition, anticoagulation transition strategies, and key points of pharmaceutical care for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II （HIT） in hemodialysis patients and provide reference for standardized management of similar cases. Methods Through a case report of a 78-year-old female patient with stage 5D chronic kidney disease （CKD） who developed type II HIT following low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） anticoagulation, clinical pharmacists participated in therapeutic decision-making. Clinical probability was assessed using the 4T's score, a heparin-free alternative anticoagulation regimen was formulated, and comprehensive pharmaceutical care was implemented throughout the treatment course. Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and alternative anticoagulant options for HIT. Results The patient with end-stage renal disease （ESRD） underwent hemodialysis and developed progressive thrombocytopenia on day 11 of LMWH anticoagulation, accompanied by multiple deep veins thromboses （DVT） and dry gangrene of the extremities. Despite negative heparin-platelet factor 4 （PF4） antibody testing, the 4T's score was 7 points （high clinical probability）. Clinical pharmacists recommended immediate discontinuation of all heparin and transition to Argatroban combined with Rivaroxaban. Following treatment, platelet counts progressively recovered, DVT resolved, and peripheral perfusion improved. Occult blood in stool and generalized ecchymosis occurred during therapy; bleeding manifestations resolved after rivaroxaban dose adjustment. Conclusion Hemodialysis patients are a high-risk population for type II HIT . For patients with 4T's score ≥6, immediate HIT management should be initiated regardless of antibody test results, including discontinuation of all heparin agents and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulation. Through participation in therapeutic decision-making, optimization of anticoagulation regimens, and adverse reaction monitoring, clinical pharmacists can effectively ensure medication safety in hemodialysis patients complicated with HIT.

Therapeutic heterogeneity and research advances of colchicine in cardiovascular diseases

RUAN Xiaobao, QIU Jinghui, PENG Cheng, XIE Hehui

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505038

Abstract(1248) HTML(622) PDF (871KB)(10)

Abstract:
Colchicine, a classic anti-inflammatory agent, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. Given the pivotal role of inflammation in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the clinical value of colchicine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases has attracted significant attention. Diabetes mellitus （DM） induces severe and irreversible vascular complications, among which cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, existing research indicates heterogeneity in the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine among patients with cardiovascular diseases and those with diabetes complicated by cardiovascular conditions. The heterogeneity manifests as differences in efficacy across various disease stages, patient baseline characteristics, specific cardiovascular event types, endpoint definitions, and treatment regimens. The current domestic and international research findings on colchicine in relation to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients were reviewed in this paper, which aimed to elucidate the underlying causes of this efficacy heterogeneity and provided evidence-based guidance and reference for the precise identification of potential beneficiary populations and the optimization of individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice.

The efficacy and safety of once-a-week tirzepatide in adults with obesity: A Meta-analysis

LUAN Zenghui, YAN Meixing, LV Fuyun, LIU Bensheng, LIU Chang

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512033

Abstract(2247) HTML(985) PDF (2190KB)(10)

Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of once-weekly tirzepatide in participants with obesity. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and The ClinicalTrails.gov identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of Tirzepatide with placebo in adults with obesity, and searched the databases up to July, 2025. The quality of literature was evaluated after they were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.3 and R 4.4.2 software, and analyzed the efficacy with different dose. Results This study included 11 articles, with 7570 obesity participants. The Meta-analysis results showed that with the dose growing up, tirzepatide is more effective in weight loss, waist circumference loss, body mass index loss, achievement of ≥5%, ≥10% and ≥15% weight loss comparing with placebo. Gastrointestinal side effects were common but generally mild. Conclusion Once-a-week tirzepatide appears to be effective and generally well-tolerated in adults with overweight or obesity.

Research progress on the application potential and mechanism of elemental sulfur in the treatment of skin diseases

KOU Erwen, ZHANG Xiaobei, WANG Bo, ZHU Yuanjie

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509041

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As a traditional Chinese medicine, elemental sulfur has long been used for the treatment of scabies and tinea. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the biological function of elemental sulfur, its function has been extended to the treatment of acne, eczema, rosacea and other skin diseases, and the various mechanisms of elemental sulfur involved in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases are gradually being elucidated: the dual regulatory effect of elemental sulfur on skin keratinization, anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, and insecticide-killing effect. However, the therapeutic effects and specific mechanisms of action of this drug vary in different diseases, and the related research still need to be improved. In addition, the effects of elemental sulfur on pharmacokinetics and skin healing need to be further explored. The application status and mechanism of elemental sulfur in common skin diseases were systematically reviewed in this paper, which and provided a new perspective for the future development of elemental sulfur in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.

The content research on malonyl-ginsenoside Rb3 in different tissues of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng

CUI Xiaoxue, WANG Yingxia, ZHOU Guangxin, HUANG Xiaoyu, WANG Liuming, LIU Xiao

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410049

Abstract(1433) HTML(683) PDF (1071KB)(15)

Abstract:
Objective To compare the contents of malonyl-ginsenosides Rb3 （MG-Rb3） in different parts, including roots, stems, leaves and flowers, of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng. To explore the effects of two drying methods, constant temperature drying and vacuum freeze drying on their contents. Methods The contents of MG-Rb3 in P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng were compared based on HPLC analysis, using enzymatically synthesized MG-Rb3 as the reference standard. Results The buds of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium exhibited relatively high levels of MG-Rb3, which were approximately 7.3-18.1 times and 2.8-4.3 times higher than those found in the roots, respectively, and the lowest contents were detected in the stems. The content of MG-Rb3 in P. notoginseng flower buds was about 31.2 times higher than that in leaves. The content of MG-Rb3 in the buds treated by constant temperature drying was about 1-1.1 times that of using vacuum freeze drying. Conclusion The highest content of MG-Rb3 was detected in the flower buds of P. ginseng and P. notoginseng, and the content of MG-Rb3 in leaves of P. quinquefolium was the highest. Content of MG-Rb3 in the buds after constant temperature drying was slightly higher than that of using vacuum freeze drying.

Progress in drug research for Alzheimer’s disease and application of cellular metabolomics

CAO Xiuyu¹, JIN Mengying, SHEN Shuqi, WANG Hui, HONG Zhanying

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509026

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Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is a typical neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathogenic mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Currently, there are limited drugs available for the clinical treatment of AD, and many of these drugs are associated with numerous adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, featuring multi-component and multi-target properties, possesses unique advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. AD cell models enable in-depth investigations into the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms underlying drug-based prevention and treatment. Cell metabolomics studies changes in intracellular metabolites to accurately capture dynamic variations in metabolite types, contents, and metabolic pathways of cells under different physiological states; this approach holds promise for revealing the complex regulatory mechanisms of cellular metabolic networks, identifying AD-specific biomarkers, and providing support for research on the mechanisms of AD. This article reviews the drugs used for AD prevention and treatment, as well as recent progress in the application of cellular metabolomics in AD research, aiming to provide a reference for studies on AD mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and drug development.

The efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of elderly patients with post-stroke depression, and its effect on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokine

ZHU Laiyun, WANG Nuan, SUN Lingchen, ZHAO Chao

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508024

Abstract(4573) HTML(1873) PDF (1074KB)(30)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD） in elderly patients and its effects on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines. Methods 70 elderly PSD patients admitted to the Xuzhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University from June 2022 to December 2024 were selected as study objects. Patients were randomly divided into control group treated with sertraline and study group treated with aerobic exercise combined with sertraline. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） scores, the clinical efficacy, cognitive function [Mini Mental State Examination （MMSE）], and the levels of inflammatory cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α） were compared before and after treatment. Results No significant differences in baseline data were observed between the two groups before treatment. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, HAMD scores were significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups （all P<0.05）. The study group showed significantly lower HAMD scores than the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The overall clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the study group （94.29%） than in the control group （77.14%）（P<0.05）. MMSE scores were significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks（all P<0.05）, and the study group demonstrated significantly higher MMSE scores than the control group at both time points （all P<0.05）. Similarly, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The reductions in these inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group （all P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.57% in the control group and 5.71% in the study group, with no statistically significant difference （P>0.05）. Conclusion The combination of aerobic exercise and sertraline is a safe and reliable therapeutic strategy for elderly PSD patients, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving cognitive function, and reducing systemic inflammation.

Efficacy and safety comparison of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and combination therapy as first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a network meta-analysis

CHEN Guanxu, SONG Yutong, GUO Xiuqiang, ZHANG Mi, LIU Zhihong, SONG Hongtao

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044

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Abstract:
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients. Results A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics. Conclusion Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance.

The Evolutionary Pattern of Meaning in Life Among University Students and Its Association with Depressive Symptoms

YU Yongju, HE Min

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380

Abstract(8593) HTML(2933) PDF (985KB)(30)

Abstract:
This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.

The preventive and therapeutic effects of three ethanol extracts derived from three sources of Stellera chamaejasme L., on imiquimod-induced psoriasis in mice

PENG Ying, LIU Xin, NIE Yiwen, WANG Xinhe, NIAN Hua, ZHU Jianyong

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029

Abstract(16472) HTML(4733) PDF (2882KB)(50)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice. Methods Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice. Results Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions.

Accepted Manuscript doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.

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Reviews

Research on aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 in improving the prognosis of ferroptosis-related diseases

ZHAO Fengping, YU Zhenming, CHEN Xi, JIANG Qiwen, ZHENG Canhui, CHEN Xin

2026, 44(8): 383-388, 425. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411043

Abstract(7049) HTML(1791) PDF (3153KB)(19)

Abstract:
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological pathway for the development and progression of ferroptosis. Under pathological conditions, the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species （ROS） exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis in the state of oxidative stress. Cellular lipid peroxidation can generate toxic aldehydes, which interact with important biological macromolecules and break the normal function of cells. At present, it has been found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 （ALDH2） can eliminate these aldehydes and regulate the cycle of toxic aldehydes-ROS-oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the prognosis of diseases associated with iron death. Ferroptosis and ALDH2 were introduced, and the current researches on ALDH2 were summarized to improve diseases associated with iron death, which can open up new directions for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases associated with iron death.

Progress on M cells-targeted oral vaccine delivery systems

LIU Anze, DONG Yingxin, WANG Huan, LU Ying

2026, 44(8): 389-394. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509037

Abstract(506) HTML(248) PDF (1658KB)(2)

Abstract:
Oral vaccines, owing to their non-invasive nature, ease of administration, and ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, represent a pivotal direction in vaccine development. Microfold cells （M cells）, a specialized subset of immune-surveillance epithelial cells, though sparsely distributed, possess exceptional capacity for antigen uptake and transcytosis, rendering them a critical target for overcoming the bottlenecks of oral vaccine delivery. The morphological structure, antigen uptake mechanisms, and surface receptor characteristics of intestinal M cells were summarized in this paper. The multifaceted challenges currently impeding M cell-targeted oral delivery and recent advances in targeting strategies based on receptor–ligand specific recognition were analyzed. The design and application of delivery carriers tailored for M cell targeting were reviewed, which aimed to provide insights and guidance for future research and development of M cell-targeted mucosal delivery systems in the intestine.

Research progress on biosynthesis, content determination and biological activity of volatile oil components in Perillae folium

LI Huiping, CHEN Lu, ZHANG Qijin, HUANG Baokang

2026, 44(8): 395-399, 407. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412058

Abstract(20219) HTML(5607) PDF (1384KB)(62)

Abstract:
Perilla leaf volatile oil is rich in monoterpenes, aromatic compounds, and other active constituents, with perillaldehyde as its characteristic marker, exhibiting a wide range of pharmacological activities including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. In recent years, systematic studies have been conducted on its chemical composition and pharmacodynamic basis. The methods for content determination have become increasingly sophisticated, with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and other techniques being widely applied for comparative analysis of samples from different sources; however, the results are influenced by multiple factors such as germplasm variation, growth stage, and extraction process. Regarding the biosynthetic pathway, key enzyme genes involved in the mevalonate and shikimate pathways are being progressively elucidated. In terms of bioactivity, in vivo and in vitro experiments have confirmed that its volatile oil components exert synergistic effects through multi-target mechanisms, with applications extended to food preservation, flavor and fragrance industry, and pharmaceutical field. The research progress on the biosynthesis, content determination, and bioactivities of volatile oil components from perilla leaves was reviewed, aiming to further clarify the active material basis and mechanisms of action, and to provide a reference for more in-depth exploration and utilization of the medicinal and edible value of Perilla frutescens.

Original articles

Amelioration chloride-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm injury by activation of α7nAChR s calcium in mice

ZHANG Wenjing, FU Hui, GUO Xiaobin, GUO Hao

2026, 44(8): 400-407. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045

Abstract(8565) HTML(3735) PDF (6733KB)(37)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl₂）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice. Methods AAA model was induced by CaCl₂ in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR^−/−） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl₂-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, Elasticavan Gieson （EVG） staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-blot （WB） with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR. Results Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl₂-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon. Conclusion Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl₂-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response.

Mechanism of Shen Hong capsule in preventing and treating acute mountain sickness based on network pharmacology and in vitro experiments

ZHANG Mengdi, QIU Haiying, WANG Guangyun, WU Yan

2026, 44(8): 408-416, 430. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405056

Abstract(933) HTML(448) PDF (7019KB)(2)

Abstract:
Objective To explore the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule in preventing and treating acute mountain sickness based on biological information platform and in vitro experiment. Methods Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TCMSP） and Traditional Chinese Medicine Information Database （TCMID） were used to obtain the active components and predicted targets of Shen Hong capsule. Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）, Disease Gene Network （DisGeNET） database and GeneCards database were used to search for the targets of acute mountain sickness related diseases, and the potential therapeutic targets were obtained. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） was analyzed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING）, the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery （DAVID） online platform was used to analyse the Gene Ontology （GO） and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） signal pathway enrichment. The network information was visualized by Cytoscape software, the key targets in PPI network were obtained according to the topology data, and the binding ability of main active components and key therapeutic targets were analyzed by molecular docking. The validation of the main active components was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）. The hypoxia model was created by H9c2 cells, apoptosis was visualized by Hoechst33342 staining, and key target proteins were verified by Western blot. Results 91 active components, 3 main active components and 150 predicted targets were selected from Shen Hong capsule. 515 targets of altitude sickness-related diseases and 37 targets of Shen Hong capsule regulating altitude sickness-related diseases were screened out. 44 related signal pathways, such as HIF-1 signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, were enriched and analyzed. TNF, IL1B, VEGFA, NOS3, EGFR, ESR1, PPARG, NR3C1, HMOX1 and IFNG were 10 key targets. The molecular docking results showed that the docking conformations between the main active components and the key targets were stable. The three main active components of quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were identified by LC-MS, and in vitro experiments proved that Shen Hong capsule could relieve acute hypoxia injury by regulating the expression of HIF-1α, PPARG, NOS3, and TNF. Conclusion Shen Hong capsule could regulate the body’s hypoxia response and metabolism through multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel ways, so as to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. This study provided a direction for further exploring the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule, and also provided a theoretical basis for further development and clinical application.

Mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA in ameliorating acetaminophen-induced liver injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques

ZHANG Tingyan, LI Tingting, YUAN Xiaofeng, ZHANG Chuan, HAO Kai, BIAN Jun

2026, 44(8): 417-425. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412022

Abstract(1451) HTML(727) PDF (9788KB)(24)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the potential protective mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA against acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, low-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （5 mg/kg）, medium-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （10 mg/kg） and high-dose tanshinone ⅡA group （20 mg/kg）. All groups were intragastrically administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, except for the normal group, mice in the remaining groups were intraperitoneally injected with 400 mg/kg APAP to establish the acute lung injury （ALI） model. The protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA was evaluated based on the liver weight ratio, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and HE staining. Targets of tanshinone ⅡA were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology （TCMSP）, and a shared target protein-protein interaction （PPI） network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins （STRING） 11.5 in combination with disease targets from GeneCards. The Gene Ontology （GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis was performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery （DAVID）, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. The molecular docking between tanshinone ⅡA and the core targets was performed by AutoDock and visualised. Results Compared with the normal group, the liver weight ratio and serum aminotransferase level of mice with acute liver injury were significantly elevated （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury of liver tissue was obvious. After tanshinone ⅡA treatment, the above index were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury was significantly improved. Further network pharmacological analysis was carried out and found that KEGG pathway enrichment analysis focused on IL-17 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor （TNF） signaling pathway, etc. In addition, the PPI core network showed that the key targets of tanshinone ⅡA to ameliorate acute liver injury mainly included TP53, AKT1, SRC, TNF and JUN. The molecular docking results showed that tanshinone ⅡA had high binding scores with the targets of MMP9, NFKB1, TNF, EP300 and SMAD3; and was able to bind to the targets of TP53, AKT1, SRC and JUN. Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA may play a protective role against acute liver injury by regulating genes such as AKT1, JUN and TNF, and participating in signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17.

Medicine & Clinical

Effect of remimazolam preoperative sedation on emergence delirium in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy

WANG Fei, ZHANG Rui, XU Yong, CHEN Xian, ZHU Yumin

2026, 44(8): 426-430. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411036

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Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Methods Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam group （group R1）, 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam group group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at first day, 7th day, 30th day postoperatively. Results A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 children in group R1, 38 children in group R2, and 40 children ingroup P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1st day and 7th day postoperatively in group R1 and group R2 was lower than that in group P （P<0.05）, but no difference was detected at 30th day postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs.

Pharmacy administration

Economic evaluation of risdiplam in the treatment of pediatric spinal muscular atrophy under health insurance scenarios

HAN Dan, YU Fei, ZHU Xintong, WU Yue, SHAO Wei, LI Ruimin

2026, 44(8): 431-436. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202601017

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Objective To evaluate the cost-utility of risdiplam in the treatment of pediatric spinal muscular atrophy （SMA） and analyze changes in patients’ out-of-pocket economic burden under the medical insurance scenarios. Methods A Markov model was developed from the healthcare system perspective to compare the long-term costs and quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） of risdiplam treatment versus conventional therapy. The incremental cost-utility ratio （ICUR） was calculated. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the robustness of the model. On this basis, health insurance scenarios were simulated to evaluate patients’ individual economic burden. Results Base-case analysis showed that risdiplam treatment generated additional health benefits but substantially increased medical costs. The resulting ICUR did not demonstrate a clear cost-utility advantage under the current willingness-to-pay threshold. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model results were relatively robust, with drug costs and key utility parameters being the main drivers of economic outcomes. Health insurance scenario analysis demonstrated that increasing reimbursement levels and reducing patient copayment rates could significantly alleviate patients’ financial burden. Conclusion Risdiplam for pediatric SMA faces economic challenges under the current health insurance payment framework in China. However, optimizing health insurance reimbursement policies and developing multi-tiered healthcare security mechanisms may improve its affordability and accessibility.