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活血化瘀法是指使用具有活血祛瘀作用的方药,消散瘀滞,促进瘀血吸收的治法。活血化瘀类药物在我国的应用已有千年历史,比如最具代表性的药物之一的丹参,在《神农本草经》中便有记载:“味苦,微寒。治心腹邪气,肠鸣幽幽如走水,寒热积聚,破癥除瘕,止烦满,益气。”
血管性痴呆是脑血管病变后所引起的认知功能障碍,发病机制源于血管系统损害引起低脑血流灌注、氧化应激等一系列病理过程[1]。中医认为,该病的发生与肝郁以及瘀血密切相关,肝气郁结造成气机逆乱,肝不藏血,脑髓失养,从而发病为痴呆,所以肝气郁结,瘀血阻窍,致使脑失所养,灵机皆失为血管性痴呆的核心病机[2]。笔者对相关的文献进行综合分析,对活血化瘀法及具有活血化瘀功效的药物治疗血管性痴呆的研究进展进行归纳总结。
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