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, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311049
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Objective To explore the efficacy and safety of oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate in bowel preparation before colonoscopy. Methods Patients who planned to undergo colonoscopy at the Digestive Department of Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2023 to August 2023 were selected and eligible subjects were divided into two groups: Group A took polyethylene glycol （PEG） and Group B took oral solution of magnesium sodium potassium sulfate （OSS）. The quality, drug tolerance, and safety of intestinal preparation were evaluated. The quality of bowel preparation was evaluated by the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale （BBPS）. Results The right colon BBPS score of Group B was 2.39±0.82, which was significantly higher than of Group A 2.11±0.43 （P<0.05）. The overall score of Group B was higher than that of Group A （P<0.05）. OSS was easier to take than PEG, with a good taste and overall sensation. Patients were willing to use OSS to clean their bowels even when they were willing to undergo another examination （P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in nausea and vomiting symptoms between the two groups （P<0.05）, and there were no significant changes in renal function and electrolytes before and after medication in the two groups of patients. Conclusions OSS had a higher quality of bowel cleaning and was easier for patients to accept.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409017
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Percutaneous administration is safety, convenience and high compliance. However, the skin structure is complex and individual differences are large, especially the barrier of the stratum corneum leads to the poor bioavailability of topical preparations for the skin. The composition of the prescription for dermal drug administration is complicated, and the quality of the product should be strictly controlled. Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive vibrational spectrum can be used to characterize key quality properties of dermal drug administration combined with stoichiometric methods, imaging techniques and other spectral techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review the application of Raman spectroscopy in the study of crystal form, particle size distribution, excipients and in vitro transdermal experiments of dermal drug administration. In vitro transdermal tests, Raman spectroscopy was used to distinguish skin of different species, study the spatial distribution of drugs in skin and the interaction between drugs and skin
Percutaneous administration is safety, convenience and high compliance. However, the skin structure is complex and individual differences are large, especially the barrier of the stratum corneum leads to the poor bioavailability of topical preparations for the skin. The composition of the prescription for dermal drug administration is complicated, and the quality of the product should be strictly controlled. Raman spectroscopy, as a non-destructive vibrational spectrum can be used to characterize key quality properties of dermal drug administration combined with stoichiometric methods, imaging techniques and other spectral techniques. The purpose of this paper is to review the application of Raman spectroscopy in the study of crystal form, particle size distribution, excipients and in vitro transdermal experiments of dermal drug administration. In vitro transdermal tests, Raman spectroscopy was used to distinguish skin of different species, study the spatial distribution of drugs in skin and the interaction between drugs and skin
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504050
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Objective This paper aims to review the historical evolution of military hospital preparation rooms, analyze their important position in the field of military pharmacy, explore the current development status and the contradictions and problems faced, and provide theoretical discussions for future development directions. Methods By combing through the historical evolution of military hospital preparation rooms, analyzing their characteristics and roles in different historical stages, dissecting the existing contradictions and problems, and in combination with modern military needs and the development of medical science and technology, innovative paths are explored. Results Military hospital preparation rooms have always played an important role in military pharmaceutical security in different historical periods. However, with the development of the times, the progress of science and technology, the improvement of domestic pharmaceutical production and innovation capabilities, and the adjustment of the military organization and system structure, the development of military hospital preparation rooms faces many contradictions and problems. In response to these problems, innovative paths such as the integration path of intelligent support technology and the construction of cross-system collaborative research and development models have been proposed. Conclusion Military hospital preparation rooms have an irreplaceable position in the field of military pharmacy. However, at present, it is necessary to optimize the human resource structure, innovate the business system, build military pharmacy theory and regulatory standards, promote the integration of military and civilian sectors, and other measures to enhance their battlefield adaptability, improve the new type of military medical theory, and meet modern military needs.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412043
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Objective Establishing a chromatographic analysis method for therapeutic drug monitoring of Fruquintinib by high-performance liquid chromatography. Methods The analysis was conducted using a Welch Ultimate XB-C18 （4.6 nm×150 mm, 5 μm） column with the column temperature at 35℃. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was at 240 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate （pH 3.15）= 40∶60（V∶V）. The internal standard substance was Apatinib．All plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate solution. Results The linearity of Fruquintinib in plasma was good within the range of 15.63-500.00 ng/ml （r=0.999 9）. The recoveries of the method were between 95%-110% with the RSD less than 10%. The extraction rates of the method were all higher than 97%. The stability tests met the relative requirements. Conclusion A high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of Fruquintinib in human plasma was established. The method has good specialty, and could be used to detect the blood concentrations of Fruquintinib in clinical practice to improve the individualized medication．
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508061
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Objective To explore and establish the bacterial endotoxin limit and testing method of pentetic acid raw materials, and to conduct methodological investigation. Methods Three batches of pentetic acid were used to establish the method for the determination of bacterial endotoxin, and interference test was conducted simultaneously. The sample was dissolved with commercially available alkaline regulator to a concentration of 4 mg/ml or lower, and then diluted with water for bacterial endotoxin test. Limulus reagent with sensitivity of 0.125 EU/ml or higher was selected and redissolved with commercially available magnesium ion buffer solution. And the endotoxin test was performed by gel method. Results The endotoxin limit of pentetic acid raw materials was determined as: less than 0.125 EU/mg. Conclusion The method established in this paper can be used for the control of bacterial endotoxin in pentetic acid raw materials.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202302020
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Objective To explore the mechanism of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. Methods The effective components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture were screened by TCMSP, BATMAN-TCM database and literature reviews. The targets of effective components were predicted. NSCLC related targets were collected by GeneCards, OMIM, PharmGKB, TTD and Drugbank, combined with the differential genes of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against Lewis lung cancer mice. The intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. Cytoscape software was used to construct the network diagram of traditional Chinese medicine-active ingredients-core targets. STRING database was used to construct PPI network diagram. GO function enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the intersection targets were performed by Metascape database to predict the key targets and active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC, and Schrodinger software was used to perform molecular docking verification. Results The 32 active components and 24 intersection targets of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture against NSCLC were obtained. 11 core targets such as ESR1, MAPK1 were found. The mechanism of action may be related to 30 signaling pathways such as cellular senescence, receptor activation, prolactin signaling pathway. Conclusion The active components of Xiakucao Xiaoliu Mixture act on multiple targets and signaling pathways to regulate complex biological processes. By regulating ESR1 agsinst NSCLC, it may make a greater contribution to improve the survival rate and prognosis of female patients.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202501017
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Objective To improve the analysis method of the blood components of Yinchenhao decoction （YCHD） in vivo and explore its anti-hepatocellular carcinoma mechanism. Methods ①Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） was used to collect and analyze blood samples from mice. The mice were given a single dose of YCHD with a concentration of 0.1 g/ml and a dose of 25 ml/kg, and then the samples were collected 2 h post–administration, which was to systematically study the chemical components of YCHD in vivo. ②Network pharmacological methods were used to screen the components and targets of YCHD, and the targets of hepatocellular carcinoma; ③The common targets of YCHD and hepatocellular carcinoma were identified for GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment;④Molecular docking was performed on the main targets to verify the binding ability between the active ingredients and the core targets. ⑤Analysis of the relative mRNA expression levels of AKT1 and TP53 in liver tissues via qPCR, including the following mouse groups: mice with concanavalin A（Con-A）-induced acute liver injury without preventive administration, mice with Con-A-induced acute liver injury that received 14-day preventive oral administration of YCHD, and untreated control mice. Results ①The active ingredients of YCHD in the blood were identified by retrieving the data from the in vitro component analysis. They were chrysophanol, herniarin, aloe-emodin, and monotropein. ②The mechanism of action of the blood components against hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC）was further analyzed using network pharmacological methods, and a total of 30 components of YCHD were screened for 213 targets and 215 HCC targets; ③There were 17 intersection targets between YCHD and hepatocellular carcinoma, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase（AKT1）, Cellular tumor antigen p53（TP53）, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2（ERBB2）, Myc proto-oncogene protein（MYC）, interleukin-1β（IL-1β）, etc. The GO enrichment results indicated that these components were primarily involved in DNA replication, chromosome segregation, leukocyte mediated immunity, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion. The KEEG enrichment results demonstrated that these components were predominantly associated with diverse cancer pathways. Additionally, the results indicated involvement in the citrate cycle （TCA cycle）, pyruvate metabolism, and p53 signaling pathway, ect. ④the results of molecular docking showed that chrysophanol, herniarin, and aloe - emodin had strong binding abilities with AKT1, TP53, ERBB2, MYC, and IL-1β.⑤the relative expression of AKT1 and TP53 mRNA was significantly higher in the modelling group than in the control group. The relative expression of AKT1 and TP53 mRNA was significantly lower in the drug administration group than in the modelling group. Conclusion There were 4 blood components in YCHD, among which chrysophanol, herniarin, and aloe-emodin may act on AKT1, TP53, ERBB2, MYC, IL-1β and then participated in the regulation of cancer signaling pathways and p53 signaling pathway to play a role in the treatment of HCC.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504131
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Objective To explore the application effect of a standardized management method based on Failure Mode and Effect Analysis （FMEA） in optimizing the whole-process quality control system of the Intravenous Admixture Service （PIVAS）. Methods The quality control management system of the IVAS was optimized by establishing six quality control groups led by the head nurse, with full participation of pharmacy, nursing, and logistical staff, ensuring comprehensive coverage and traceability of all quality control links. Each group conducted Risk Priority Number （RPN） scoring for potential failure modes in their respective quality control processes, and targeted improvement measures were formulated based on the scoring results. The RPN values of failure modes and quality control-related evaluation indicators before and after implementation were compared to achieve closed-loop management. Results After one year of management, the RPN values of the six major failure modes significantly decreased compared to those before implementation （P<0.05）. The compounding error rate dropped to 0.13%, the dispensing error rate decreased to 0.95%, the compounding efficiency increased to 98%, the delivery time was shortened by 0.45 hours per batch, the intervention rate for irrational prescriptions rose to 94.87%, satisfaction improved to 96.78%, and the participation rate of quality control personnel reached 95.36% （P<0.05）. Conclusion FMEA-based identification of potential failure modes in the whole-process quality control system of the IVAS, combined with risk quantification and targeted interventions, significantly reduces high-risk failure modes, improves compounding accuracy and efficiency, and ensures the safety of clinical intravenous medication and the effectiveness of healthcare quality management.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404050
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Objective To clarify the current development status and research hotspots in the field of experimental drug management in China through data mining by bibliometric. Methods Key words such as “experiment”, “drug”, and “management” were used the search the Chinese literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. The title, author name, author affiliation, Chinese abstract, Chinese keywords, publication period, journal name, and other content of the literature were extracted from the literature. Cluster analysis was performed by CNKI literature visualization analysis system, CiteSpace and other software, and a network knowledge map was drawn. Results The literature in the field of experimental drug management in China was first published in 1994, and a total of 140 articles were published until 2022. Among them, 20 articles were supported by relevant funds, and the keyword co-occurrence frequency was highest among “subjects”. The most frequently published medium was the Chinese Pharmacological Yearbook. Conclusion At present, the quantity and quality of literature in the field of experimental drug management in China are relatively small, and the cooperation and communication among authors are not close. The funding from various fund projects in this field is also lacking. These factors lead to a lower overall development level and slower development speed in this field.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202408046
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Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness between valproate and levetiracetam in the treatment of childhood epilepsy and provide an economic basis for clinical medication choices. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a decision tree model to compare the effectiveness and drug costs of valproate and levetiracetam in treating childhood epilepsy. Single-factor sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to assess the impact of parameter variations on the study results. Results The treatment cost of levetiracetam was significantly higher than that of sodium valproate. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） of levetiracetam compared to sodium valproate was ¥8 628.43. Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with the base-case analysis. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that, over a 6-month treatment period, levetiracetam became a more cost-effective option when the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold was ¥9,000 or higher. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the price of levetiracetam was the most influential factor affecting the ICER. Conclusion When the WTP per effective pediatric epilepsy case is ¥9,000 or higher, levetiracetam demonstrates a cost-effectiveness advantage.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402004
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Objective Fragrant sachets are items with significant Chinese cultural characteristics and have multiple application values, with their medicinal value being an important aspect. Especially in recent years, with the successive outbreaks of SARS, MERS, COVID-19, the medicinal effect of traditional Chinese medicine sachets has been increasingly valued and widely used. However, there are no relevant standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets at the national, industry, local, or organizational levels, which is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry. Therefore, it is proposed to establish a group standard for traditional Chinese medicine sachets to lead the development of the industry. Methods Based on the review of the current application status of traditional Chinese medicine sachets, a study on the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicine sachets was conducted through investigation and research, data collection, drafting of standard drafts, soliciting opinions, review and approval, and standard verification. Results The first quality standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet in China was established to ensure the scientific, progressiveness, rationality and economic practicality of the standard of traditional Chinese medicine sachet. Conclusion The established quality standards for traditional Chinese medicine sachets are practical, safe, reliable, and easy to implement, providing technical references for the inheritance and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine sachets.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045
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Objective To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl2）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice. Methods AAA model was induced by CaCl2 in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR−/-） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl2-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, EVG staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with TNF-α, which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-Blot with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR. Results Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl2-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon. Conclusion Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl2-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411043
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Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological pathway for the development and progression of ferroptosis. Under pathological conditions, the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species（ROS）exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis in the state of oxidative stress. Cellular lipid peroxidation can generate toxic aldehydes, which interact with important biological macromolecules and break the normal function of cells. At present, it has been found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2）can eliminate these aldehydes and regulate the cycle of toxic aldehydes-ROS-oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the prognosis of diseases associated with iron death. Ferroptosis and ALDH2 were introduced, and the current researches on ALDH2 were summarized to improve diseases associated with iron death, which can open up new directions for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases associated with iron death.
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological pathway for the development and progression of ferroptosis. Under pathological conditions, the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species（ROS）exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis in the state of oxidative stress. Cellular lipid peroxidation can generate toxic aldehydes, which interact with important biological macromolecules and break the normal function of cells. At present, it has been found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2）can eliminate these aldehydes and regulate the cycle of toxic aldehydes-ROS-oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the prognosis of diseases associated with iron death. Ferroptosis and ALDH2 were introduced, and the current researches on ALDH2 were summarized to improve diseases associated with iron death, which can open up new directions for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases associated with iron death.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406047
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[ Abstract ] Objective To explore a feasible simplified premedication protocol for preventing hypersensitivity reactions to taxanes. Methods The electronic medical record system was used to search for data on 49 patients with advanced gastric cancer who received paclitaxel liposome treatment for the first time in the gastroenterology department of our hospital from 2021-06-01 to 2024-06-30, including premedication protocols, allergic reactions, and other adverse reactions. Results 31 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg and ranitidine hydrochloride capsules 150 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal; 18 cases took dexamethasone 9 mg at 12-hour and 6-hour, and took loratadine tablets 10 mg at 12-hour before paclitaxel liposomal. All patients did not experience any allergic reactions. There were no significant differences in the incidence of other adverse reactions between the two simplified protocols（P>0.05）. Conclusion Based on literature and practice, a dual simplified premedication protocol of oral corticosteroids（GC）combined with oral H1 receptor blockers（H1RA）was proposed, which provided a new idea for doctors. Further clinical studies are needed to verify its effectiveness.
[ Abstract ]
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202501034
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Objective To provide a reference for the establishment, development and application of the adverse drug reaction （ADR） automated monitoring system, through verifying and quantifying the research hotspots and advantages of the system by CiteSpace software and systematic review. Methods Literature on ADR automated monitoring up to December 2023 were retrieved and screened from CNKI and web of science databases. CiteSpace 6.4.R1 software was used to conduct co-occurrence, clustering and emergence analysis, and to visualize and comparatively analyze the research hotspots, rules and distribution in the field of automated monitoring of ADR at home and abroad. In compliance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and Meta-analyses （PRISMA）, literature covering publications in English and Chinese including detection rates of ADRs collected using Incident Reporting Systems （IRSs） and/or automated monitoring systems were retrieved and screened. The advantages and disadvantages of automated monitoring systems were analyzed by comparing the differences between these two systems in terms of the number of ADR reports and the types of positive signals. Results A total of 56 articles in English and 80 articles in Chinese were indexed by CiteSpace. The research hotspots in recent years included data mining, deep learning, text classification techniques, machine learning and so on. A total of seven studies compiled with the inclusion criteria for the systematic evaluation, all of which were completed between 1991 and 2021 in hospitals in four countries. 150 526 medical records were reviewed from 15 institutions. A total of 194 ADR reports were collected by IRSs. A total of 2 090 ADR reports were collected by the automated monitoring system over the same period, indicating a 977% increase in the number of ADR reports （P=0.0156 ） compared with the IRSs. Conclusion The ADR automatic monitoring system had significantly improved the level of drug risk identification and reduced costs, but it was necessary to optimize the algorithm, expand the data source and carry out standardization construction to overcome the current limitations.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411036
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Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy. Methods Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into group 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam （group R1）, group 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam （group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at 1 day, 7 days, and 30 days postoperatively. Results A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 in group R1, 38 in group R2, and 40 in group P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1 day and 7 days postoperatively of the group R1 and group R2 was lower than of the group P （P<0.05）, but no difference in that was detected at 30 days postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202304011
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Objective To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（D1）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （D2）. Methods The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of D1 and D2 were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of D1 and D2 was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of D2 in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected. Results D1 and D2 had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. D1 and D2 had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, D1 and D2 showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, D2 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration. Conclusion D2 had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411006
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Mass spectrometry imaging （MSI） is an emerging molecular imaging technique that combines high spatial resolution and the ability to acquire molecular information. This technology can directly obtain spatial distribution maps of metabolites, proteins, lipids and other molecules in tumor tissues, reveal the abnormal molecular changes during the occurrence and development of liver cancer, and make up for the deficiency of information at the molecular level in traditional imaging （such as CT, MRI）. In liver cancer research, MSI has demonstrated unique advantages and application potential in early diagnosis and screening, precise classification, tumor heterogeneity analysis, and exploration of molecular mechanisms. The principle characteristics of MSI technology and its latest progress in the early diagnosis, classification and molecular mechanism research of liver cancer were reviewed, and the current challenges and future development directions were discussed, which aims to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism of liver cancer and promote its precise diagnosis and treatment.
Mass spectrometry imaging （MSI） is an emerging molecular imaging technique that combines high spatial resolution and the ability to acquire molecular information. This technology can directly obtain spatial distribution maps of metabolites, proteins, lipids and other molecules in tumor tissues, reveal the abnormal molecular changes during the occurrence and development of liver cancer, and make up for the deficiency of information at the molecular level in traditional imaging （such as CT, MRI）. In liver cancer research, MSI has demonstrated unique advantages and application potential in early diagnosis and screening, precise classification, tumor heterogeneity analysis, and exploration of molecular mechanisms. The principle characteristics of MSI technology and its latest progress in the early diagnosis, classification and molecular mechanism research of liver cancer were reviewed, and the current challenges and future development directions were discussed, which aims to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis for an in-depth understanding of the pathological mechanism of liver cancer and promote its precise diagnosis and treatment.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380
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This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503005
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Objective The alkaloids contained in the Chinese herb Sophora flavescens have good anti-inflammatory activity. To investigate the structure-activity relationship between the novel Matrine and the anti-inflammatory activity by modifying the structure of Matrine . Methods Fourteen novel Matrine derivatives were obtained by chemical modification using Matrine as the lead compound with Matrine and M19 as positive controls. The cytotoxicity of Matrine derivatives against RAW264.7 cells was detected by the Cell Counting Kit 8 （CCK8） assay, and the relative amount of Nitric Oxide （NO） produced by Matrine derivatives against Lipopolysaccharide （LPS）-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells was detected using an NO assay kit. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay （ELISA） d was used to detect the secretion of Interleukin-6 （IL-6） and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha （TNF-α） by Matrine derivatives in LPS-induced inflammation model of RAW264.7 cells. Results The novel Matrine derivatives all exhibited lower cytotoxicity compared with M19. The NO inhibition rates of the novel Matrine derivatives were all higher than that of Matrine, and some were higher than that of M19 , with compound A12 having the highest NO inhibition rate. Compounds A11 and A12 showed higher IL-6 inhibition than the control M19 . Additionally, compound A12 had higher TNF-α inhibition than the control M19 . Conclusion Compound A12 inhibited the strongest inhibition of NO, IL-6 and TNF-α release and had the best anti-inflammatory activity, which provided an important lead compound for this subsequent in-depth study.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303027
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[Abstract]Objective To sort out the current situation and research hotspots of the application of information technology in drug safety in China, reveal the latest research frontier, and provide a basis for the follow-up research. Methods The literature about the application of information technology in the field of drug safety were searched from 2012 to 2022 in three major databases of CNKI, WanFang and VIP databases, and visual analysis was conducted with the help of Citespace software. Results A total of 848 valid papers were included, and the number of annual publications showed a phased growth trend, and the cooperation between authors and publishers was not close enough. The application of information technology in drug safety was mainly reflected in pharmaceutical service, intravenous drug dispensing center and antibacterial drugs. The main technical means of information construction in the field of drug safety were prescription pre-audit system, knowledge base and automation. The research frontiers were mainly intelligence, knowledge base, prescription audit, and proprietary Chinese medicines. Conclusion The application of information technology in drug safety in China is in a period of vigorous development, and cooperation among different regions, institutions, and authors should be strengthened to promote information sharing. In the future, the related research of information technology in the field of Chinese patent medicine should be focused, and the research content of information technology application in drug safety could be further improved.
[Abstract]Objective To sort out the current situation and research hotspots of the application of information technology in drug safety in China, reveal the latest research frontier, and provide a basis for the follow-up research.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404081
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of adverse reactions induced by bezafibrate, study the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis, and provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS The case reports of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were collected from domestic and foreign databases （from 2000 to November 30, 2022）, and the relevant basic data were extracted for statistical analysis. The rationality and adverse reaction relevance of bezafibrate use which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 26 cases of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were reported, including 28 patients. There were 10 males and 18 females, with an average age of （64.57±11.20） years and a median age of 65 years. The occurrence time of adverse reaction was （7.57±4.98） days, and the median was 6 days. All patients had other diseases except hyperlipemia. The creatinine clearance rate （CCR） of patients was generally less than 80ml/min. There were 16 patients were given over-dosed bezafibrate. CONCLUSION The drug instruction of bezafibrate should be regulated and managed by National Regulatory Authority. In clinical application, attention should be paid to the rationality of medication use, ADR monitoring and patient education.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of adverse reactions induced by bezafibrate, study the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis, and provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS The case reports of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were collected from domestic and foreign databases （from 2000 to November 30, 2022）, and the relevant basic data were extracted for statistical analysis. The rationality and adverse reaction relevance of bezafibrate use which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 26 cases of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were reported, including 28 patients. There were 10 males and 18 females, with an average age of （64.57±11.20） years and a median age of 65 years. The occurrence time of adverse reaction was （7.57±4.98） days, and the median was 6 days. All patients had other diseases except hyperlipemia. The creatinine clearance rate （CCR） of patients was generally less than 80ml/min. There were 16 patients were given over-dosed bezafibrate. CONCLUSION The drug instruction of bezafibrate should be regulated and managed by National Regulatory Authority. In clinical application, attention should be paid to the rationality of medication use, ADR monitoring and patient education.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202407001
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Objective To optimize the extraction, separation and purification process of actinoside E. Methods Single factor experiment combined with orthogonal test was used to determine the optimal extraction process of actinoside E using its content as an index. The extracts were separated and purified by optimizing the chromatographic conditions of macroporous resin, silica gel and ODS column. Results 25 times amount of 55% ethanol with heating reflux at 95 ℃ for one hour were used as the optimal extraction process of actinoside E. The optimum separation and purification process was as follows: D101 macroporous resin column was eluted with 7 BV of 50% ethanol, silica gel column was eluted with 5 BV of ethyl acetate-ethanol（10∶1）and 50% methanol eluted fraction was purified repeatedly by ODS column to obtain actinoside E. The transfer rate of actinoside E in the whole process was 53.70%, the yield was 0.35%, and the purity was 99.9%. Conclusion The process is stable and viable, which can provide material foundation for the development and utilization of actinoside E.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402020
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Objective To explore the effects of CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 genotypes on the plasma concentration of voriconazole in children. Methods Collected blood samples from 50 hospitalized children with invasive fungal infections who received intravenous voriconazole from January 2020 to December 2020. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the blood trough concentration of voriconazole, and the time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection system was used to detect the genotypes of CYP2C19, CYP2C9 and CYP3A5, and the effects of children’s genotyping on the plasma concentration, efficacy and adverse reactions of voriconazole were analyzed. Results The total effective rate of 50 children with IFI was 84% （42/50） after voriconazole treatment. The incidence of adverse reactions was 20% （10/50 cases）. The measured plasma concentration of voriconazole ranged from 0.56~7.62 μg/ml. Combined with the different mutation types of CYP2C19 gene loci, three metabolic activities were produced: fast, medium and slow, and the test results showed that there were 16 cases of fast metabolism, 27 cases of intermediate metabolism and 7 cases of slow metabolism. There was a significant difference in plasma concentrations between the three groups （F=15.359, P< 0.001）, and the drug concentrations in the fast metabolic group were significantly lower than those in the intermediate metabolic and slow metabolic groups. The mutations of CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 had no significant effect on the plasma concentrations of the drugs, which were （F=2.213, P=0.086）and （F=0.757, P=0.475）. Conclusion Voriconazole had significant efficacy in the treatment of invasive fungal infections in children, and the adverse reactions were mild. CYP2C19 genotype was significantly related to the rate of drug metabolism and was an important factor affecting blood drug concentration, the detection of drug concentration and genotype of voriconazole was helpful to adjust the effective drug dose clinically and achieve more scientific and individualized treatment.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306020
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Objective To establish a central cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma. Methods External standard method was used. The first dimensional chromatographic column: SNCB（T）-1A（silica gel, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase A:VCV-1D mobile phase, flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; mobile phase B: water, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; second dimensional chromatographic column: Symmetry C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase: acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution（V/V=25∶75）, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Intermediate column: SBX 4-MA（resin, 3.0 mm×10 mm, 5µm）. The UV detection wavelength: 306 nm, the column temperature: 45 ℃, and the injection volume: 200 μl. Results The linear range of lamotrigine was 1.24-39.50 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.24 μg/ml, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml, the intra-day precision RSD was less than 5%, the day-to-day precision RSD was less than 10%, the variation of intra-day accuracy ranged from 102.17% to 111.17%, and the daytime accuracy variation ranged from 99.80% to 107.31% the recovery RSD was less than 5%, and the variation range was 89.95% -96.16%. After 24 hours storage at room temperature, repeated freezing and thawing for 3 times and storage at-40 ℃ for 2 weeks, the ratio of the measured value / labeled value ranged from 87.01% to 115.88%. Conclusion In this study, a method with simple operation, good stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility was established, which could be suitable for clinical monitoring of blood concentration of lamotrigine and provides reliable monitoring data support for clinical individualized medication guidance.
Objective To establish a central cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma. Methods External standard method was used. The first dimensional chromatographic column: SNCB（T）-1A（silica gel, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase A:VCV-1D mobile phase, flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; mobile phase B: water, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; second dimensional chromatographic column: Symmetry C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase: acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution（V/V=25∶75）, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Intermediate column: SBX 4-MA（resin, 3.0 mm×10 mm, 5µm）. The UV detection wavelength: 306 nm, the column temperature: 45 ℃, and the injection volume: 200 μl. Results The linear range of lamotrigine was 1.24-39.50 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.24 μg/ml, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml, the intra-day precision RSD was less than 5%, the day-to-day precision RSD was less than 10%, the variation of intra-day accuracy ranged from 102.17% to 111.17%, and the daytime accuracy variation ranged from 99.80% to 107.31% the recovery RSD was less than 5%, and the variation range was 89.95% -96.16%. After 24 hours storage at room temperature, repeated freezing and thawing for 3 times and storage at-40 ℃ for 2 weeks, the ratio of the measured value / labeled value ranged from 87.01% to 115.88%. Conclusion In this study, a method with simple operation, good stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility was established, which could be suitable for clinical monitoring of blood concentration of lamotrigine and provides reliable monitoring data support for clinical individualized medication guidance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402028
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It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx-001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx-001 entered phase III clinical trials. The data of the phase II clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx-001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.
It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx-001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx-001 entered phase III clinical trials. The data of the phase II clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx-001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202307034
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Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of nicotinamide combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans based on metabolomics. Methods The intracellular metabolites of C. albicans intervened by different drugs including NAM, AmB, and their combination with a proper concentration were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differential metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis and identified by searching the NIST database. Results Compared with the control group, the NAM intervention group was hardly separated from it, while the AmB group and NAM+AmB group showed a clear trend separation. Under the intervention of AmB, 23 metabolites significantly changed compared with the control group, and 28 metabolites remarkably changed after NAM+AmB intervention, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and other components. Conclusion NAM, as an endogenous metabolite of C. albicans, combined with AmB could enhance the effects of AmB in the original metabolic pathway and changed it to a certain extent. It is speculated that AmB combined with NAM may pose more antifungal effect on Candida albicans by regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle, interfering with amino acid metabolism and influencing polyamine synthesis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
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, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309021
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Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303006
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Objective Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. Methods Sixty male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxia model group, Rhodiola capsule group: 400 mg/kg, low, medium and high dose groups of Lishukang capsule: 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, with 10 mice in each group. The normal control group was fed at the local altitude (1500m) after 7 days of intragastric administration in each group, and the rest groups were fed at the low pressure and hypoxia animal experimental cabin to simulate the altitude of 7500 m for hypoxia for 3 days. During this period, the normal control group and the hypoxia model group were given normal saline once a day, and 1 hour after the last administration, the eight arm maze was used to test the spatial memory ability of mice under simulated high altitude hypoxia; HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in mice; Western blot was used to detect the changes of protein content of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and apoptosis related protein in hippocampus of mice. Results Compared with the normal control group, the spatial memory ability of mice in the hypoxia model group was significantly impaired (P<0.01); HE staining showed that hippocampal neurons in mice were seriously injured; the content of brain tissue Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 increased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia model group, the error rate of mice in the high dose group of Lishukang capsule in the eight arm maze behavior experiment was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01); HE staining showed that the neurons were arranged orderly and the cell morphology was good; the content of Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 decreased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 increased (P<0.01). Conclusion High altitude hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress injury in mice and induce the expression of apoptosis related genes, thus aggravating the cognitive dysfunction of mice; Lishukang capsule can effectively improve the learning and memory impairment in mice caused by hypoxia, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and reducing apoptosis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202112011
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Objective To determine the content of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum and test the pharmacodynamic effect of them on rats with experimental myocardial ischemia induced by injection of pituitrin. Methods The content of five alkaloids was determined simultaneously by HPLC. The experimental myocardial ischemia in rats was induced by injection of pituitrin, and the absolute value of T wave change and change of heart rate before and after model establishment were chosen to be the observation index. The effects of large, medium and small dose groups were evaluated. Results Three batches of samples were analyzed, with the contents of piperine for 56.1%, 49.7%, 51.6%; N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)octadecatrienamide for 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.3%; guineensine for 0.46%, 0.38%, 0.40%; piplartine for 1.73%, 1.67%, 1.70% and piperamide for 0.55%, 0.46%, 0.49%, respectively. All dose groups from extracts of piper longum had significantly reduced the absolute value of T wave and almost have no effect on the change of heart rate, except the high dose group showed the effect of reducing heart rate at some time . Conclusion The HPLC method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum. It was shown that extracts of piper longum had good bioactivity in anti-myocardial ischemia.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311012
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Objective To explore the effect of different packing contents of solid phase extraction column, repeated use times and solid phase extraction column under pressure on the determination of morphine content in compound liquorice oral solution. Methods The component was performed by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） equipped with the C8 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm） chromatographic column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-2.5 mmol/L sodium heptanesulfonate solution-50 mmol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution （5∶18∶18）. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min with the 220 nm detection wavelength, 20 μl injection volume and 30℃ column temperature. Results It was found that the SPE column produced of 500 mg had a higher recovery rate of morphine, and the RSD value was small. It was found that SPE column could be reused for up to 3 times under the condition of guaranteeing recovery rate. In the pressurized experiment, at the flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, the measured morphine content was basically consistent with that measured at atmospheric pressure. Conclusion The determination of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution could be carried out by C18 solid phase extraction column of 500 mg. Under pressure, the flow rate was about 0.5 ml/min for morphine recovery, which could achieve high recovery of morphine in compound liquorice oral solution and improve the detection efficiency of morphine.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202502015
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Objective To investigate the effects of Xuetong capsule on blood lipids and liver lesion in hyperlipidemic model animals. Method Sixty ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups. The normal control group was fed with normal diet, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet to induce hyperlipidemia. After four weeks feeding, the three groups were given low, middle, and high doses of Xuetong capsules （0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg ） by Gavage, and the positive control drug atorvastatin calcium （1.5 mg/kg）. The model group was given solvent （0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose sodium）. After treatment for 8 weeks, the body weight, organ index, blood lipids, blood glucose and liver function index were measured. The liver oil red staining was used to determine the lipid droplet content, and quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Result The body weight, the weight of liver and spleen were significantly increased by high-fat diet. High-fat diet increased the organ indexes of the liver and spleen, the degree of liver oil red staining, and also significantly increased the levels of glucose, triglyceride （TG）, cholesterol （CHOL）, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） in serum. Compared with the model group, the level of TG has no significant change in low, middle and high doses groups. The level of CHOL in serum was reduced by Xuetong capsule with a dose dependent manner. There were significant difference between the model group and middle, high doses groups. The results of LDL-C were similar, the level of LDL-C was significantly reduced by middle and high doses groups （middle dose 0.55±0.21 mM, high dose 0.52±0.22 mM v.s. 0.81±0.29 mM in model group P<0.01）. Compared with the normal control, there was no significant difference in HDL-C levels between the high-fat model and each drug-treated group. Liver function showed that Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the degree of liver oil red staining and decreased the level of alanine aminotransferase （ALT） induced by high-fat diet. The body weight, the weight and organ indexes of liver and spleen were significantly reduced by atorvastatin calcium. The levels of CHOL, LDL-C, and TG, and the degree of liver oil red staining were also significantly reduced in atorvastatin calcium group. Further studies have shown that high dose of Xuetong capsules significantly reduced the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 induced by high-fat diet （P<0.05）, while the reduction of IL-1β was not so significant （P>0.05）. Conclusion Xuetong capsules significantly reduces the body weight of animals with high fat, reduce liver size, fat deposition, inflammatory damage and also significantly reduces blood lipid CHOL and LDL-C levels and reduce transaminase elevation. The above effects may be related to Xuetong capsules reducing the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6 in the liver.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411032
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Objective To explore the cost effectiveness of osimertinib and gefitinib in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC） with epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） mutation. Methods A total of 52 advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation treated by osimertinib were selected as group A from June 2021 to August 2022 at the Chengde Central Hospital, and 52 patients treated by gefitinib were selected as group B according to the propensity score matching method in 1∶1 ratio. The treatment cost and effect of the two groups of patients were compared, and the cost-effectiveness ratio was calculated, and sensitivity analysis was conducted. Results The total effective rate of group A was higher than that of group B （90.38% vs 71.15%, χ2=6.190, P=0.013）. The drug cost and total treatment cost of group A were higher than those of group B（P<0.05）, and other direct costs were lower than those of group B （P<0.05）. The incremental cost effectiveness ratio of group A was 374.71. After the cost-effectiveness sensitivity analysis on adjusting drug costs to decrease by 10% and the total effective rate to decrease by 10% of the two groups, the sensitivity analysis results were basically consistent with the original results. Conclusion Based on the latest prices and actual case data of osimertinib and gefitinib, osimertinib is better than gefitinib in the treatment of advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutation. Although gefitinib has lower treatment costs, osimertinib has more cost effectiveness advantages. These findings can provide important reference for the clinical development of treatment plans for advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients. Results A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics. Conclusion Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202407013
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Objective To explore the molecular mechanism of Jianfu mixture in the treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） by using network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, and to validate its core targets and mechanisms through in vitro experiments. Methods The active components and corresponding molecular targets of Jianfu mixture were searched by searching TCMSP and Batman-TCM databases, and searching the disease targets of ED by using GeneCards database. Find the intersection of drug ingredient target and disease target. The interaction between intersected targets was described and analyzed by String database, and the analysis results were visualized by Cytoscape software to determine the core target and the corresponding active components. GO functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed for intersection targets; the core target within the intersection were found through MCODE plug-in on Cytoscape software and molecular docking was performed with the corresponding active ingredients. An endothelial dysfunction model was established by transfecting HUVECs with si-eNOS. Intervene with different concentrations of the Jianfu mixture for the model cells for 24 hours. QPCR was used to detect mRNA expression of core targets （MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, ESR1, MAPK8）; Western blot was used to analyze protein expression （eNOS, JUN, p-JUN, MAPK, p-MAPK） and phosphorylation levels. Results 144 effective active components and 168 active components target-disease targe intersection of Jianfu mixture were obtained. GO analysis revealed 2005 biological processes, 151 molecular functions, and 63 cellular components. KEGG analysis yielded 181 pathways. 5 core targets including MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, ESR1 and MAPK8 were screened out. The active components such as β-sitosterol, kaempferol, astapterocarpan had good binding affinity with the core target. In vitro experiments confirmed successful construction of the endothelial dysfunction model （eNOS expression significantly decreased after si-eNOS transfection）. Jianfu mixture dose-dependently inhibited mRNA expression of MAPK1, MAPK3, JUN, ESR1, and MAPK8. Additionally, it reduced phosphorylation levels of JUN and MAPK, indicating inhibition of the JNK/c-Jun and ERK/MAPK signaling pathways to improve endothelial function. Conclusion Jianfu mixture treats ED by suppressing abnormal activation of multi-target signaling pathways （MAPK/JUN/ESR1）, reducing endothelial apoptosis, and promoting NO synthesis. This mechanism aligns with the traditional Chinese medicine principle of “activating blood circulation, resolving stasis, tonifying Qi, and strengthening cardiovascular function.” The study provides molecular-level evidence for the therapeutic efficacy of Jianfu mixture in ED management.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312024
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Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, which is a great threat to human life and health. The change of bile acid homeostasis can activate their corresponding receptors to regulate the immune functions, which is closely related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer. In addition, some bile acids can directly induce colorectal cancer and play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In this paper, the metabolic process of bile acids in vivo and the immunomodulatory role of bile acid receptors were reviewed, and the evidence of associations between bile acids and colorectal cancer were summarized, which showed the rebalancing the bile acid levels might play a role in the prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, which is a great threat to human life and health. The change of bile acid homeostasis can activate their corresponding receptors to regulate the immune functions, which is closely related to the occurrence of colorectal cancer. In addition, some bile acids can directly induce colorectal cancer and play an important role in the development of colorectal cancer. In this paper, the metabolic process of bile acids in vivo and the immunomodulatory role of bile acid receptors were reviewed, and the evidence of associations between bile acids and colorectal cancer were summarized, which showed the rebalancing the bile acid levels might play a role in the prevention or treatment of colorectal cancer.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409007
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Traditional Chinese medicine contains a variety of volatile components（VOCs）such as terpenes and aliphatics, which have significant pharmacological activities, and are commonly analyzed by gas chromatography（GC）and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Although the separation ability is strong, the samples need to be pre-treated and the analysis time is long. In recent years, the combination of gas chromatography（GC）and ion migration spectrometry（IMS）has been widely used in the academic community. The combination of high separation ability of GC and rapid reaction ability of IMS has the advantages of no sample pretreatment, fast analysis time, low detection limit and simple operation. It is increasingly widely used in traditional Chinese medicine research. This review introduces the working principle of GC-IMS, summarizes its application in VOCs research of traditional Chinese medicine, and looks forward to the future development direction.
Traditional Chinese medicine contains a variety of volatile components（VOCs）such as terpenes and aliphatics, which have significant pharmacological activities, and are commonly analyzed by gas chromatography（GC）and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry（GC-MS）. Although the separation ability is strong, the samples need to be pre-treated and the analysis time is long. In recent years, the combination of gas chromatography（GC）and ion migration spectrometry（IMS）has been widely used in the academic community. The combination of high separation ability of GC and rapid reaction ability of IMS has the advantages of no sample pretreatment, fast analysis time, low detection limit and simple operation. It is increasingly widely used in traditional Chinese medicine research. This review introduces the working principle of GC-IMS, summarizes its application in VOCs research of traditional Chinese medicine, and looks forward to the future development direction.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412058
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Perilla is an annual herbaceous plant with edible and medicinal value belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of cultivation and use. The volatile oil is one of its main active components in perilla leaves, and Perilla aldehyde is its characteristic component. The methods for determining the content of volatile oil are diverse and affected by genetic differences, growth period, and extraction methods. It is mainly synthesized and regulated through the mevalonic acid pathway and shikimic acid pathway, and has biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-depressant. The characteristics of perilla volatile oil make it have broad application prospects in food preservation, fragrance industry, and medicine. With further research on the components and biosynthesis pathways of perilla volatile oil, it is important to improve the quality of perilla and further clarify the active substance basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil, and its medicinal and edible value will be further explored and utilized.
Perilla is an annual herbaceous plant with edible and medicinal value belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of cultivation and use. The volatile oil is one of its main active components in perilla leaves, and Perilla aldehyde is its characteristic component. The methods for determining the content of volatile oil are diverse and affected by genetic differences, growth period, and extraction methods. It is mainly synthesized and regulated through the mevalonic acid pathway and shikimic acid pathway, and has biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-depressant. The characteristics of perilla volatile oil make it have broad application prospects in food preservation, fragrance industry, and medicine. With further research on the components and biosynthesis pathways of perilla volatile oil, it is important to improve the quality of perilla and further clarify the active substance basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil, and its medicinal and edible value will be further explored and utilized.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404071
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the usage of pediatric drugs in 17 pediatric specialty hospitals from 2016 to 2020, and provide reference and guidance for the development of the essential medicine list （EML） for children and the improvement of the National Reimbursement Drug List （NRDL） in China. Methods Based on the monitoring data of pediatric drug use reported by the National Medical Information Network （CMEI） of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association from 2016 to 2020, the overall situation of the sample hospitals and the clinical drug use of children in various ATC categories were analyzed. Results In the various ATC categories, the trend of systemic use of anti-infective drugs decreasing was significant in the average hospital expenditure, while the trend of respiratory and digestive system and metabolic drugs decreasing was significant in the average hospital DDDS. In 2020, the average number of hospital grade standards for essential drugs （2018 version） accounted for 15.82% of the total number of drug use standards, while the average number of hospital grade standards for medical insurance （2019 version） accounted for 8.23% of the total number of drug use standards. Conclusion The use of pediatric medication in sample hospitals from 2016 to 2020 was generally reasonable, and there would still a certain gap between the actual clinical usage habits with the existing EML and NRDL, which still need to be adjusted.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402034
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the effectiveness of reasonable control measures for prophylactic use of antibiotics for urinary system lithotripsy. Methods By antimicrobial stewardship, strengthening special comments on antibiotics and information notification on rational use of antibiotics, adding and improving the pre-review rules for antibiotics prescriptions, conducting in-depth clinical training and consultation by clinical pharmacists, strengthening innovation in rational use of drugs, and taking various measures to actively improve rational use of prophylactic antibiotics of lithotripsy in urology department, the changes of indexes related to antibiotics in urology department from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed. Results After active and reasonable control, Antibiotics Use Density in urology department decreased year by year. The utilization rate of antibiotics in inpatients decreased from 94.27% in 2019 to 77.47% in 2022. Various rate of microbial inspection reached the standard in 2022; The imipenem and cilastatin sodium for injection ranking of prophylactic use of antibiotics consumption DDDs for urinary system lithotripsy decreased from the 4th place in 2019 to the 8th place in 2022. The ranking of the urology department on carbapenem consumption DDDs in the whole hospital decreased from the 8th place in 2019 to the 12th place in 2022. At the same time, the incidence of urinary tract lithotripsy postoperative infection showed a decreasing trend year by year, from 0.84% in 2019 to 0.49% in 2022. Conclusion Positive control measures can promote the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics for urinary system lithotripsy.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404093
Abstract:
Objective To compare the effecacy of colistin sulphate with cefoperazone and sulbactam in the treatment of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with the combination therapy of tigecycline with cefoperazone and baubactam. Methods By retrospective analysis, 216 ICU patients with pneumonia diagnosed with Acinetobacter baumannii from January 2019 to July 2021 was propensity matching divided into a test group （71） and a control group （145） by 1∶2. The test group was treated with colistin sulfate combined with cefoperazone and sulbactam, control group was treated with tigecycline combined with cefoperazone and sulbactam. According to the changes of clinical symptoms and indicators before and after treatment in the two groups, the clinical response rate, bacterial clearance rate and 28-day mortality rate of the two groups were observed. Results The clinical response and bacterial clearance of the test group were higher than that of the control group （P <0.05）; At the end of treatment, the clinical response rate and 28-day mortality were not statistically significant. Conclusion Colistin sulfate combined with cefoperazone and sulbactam was comparable to its efficacy and was superior to tigecycline combined with cefoperazone and sulbactam group in early assessment of clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice. Methods Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice. Results Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310021
Abstract:
Objective To establish quality evaluation method of Andrographis paniculata standard decoction by UPLC. Methods 21 batches of Andrographis paniculata standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardization method of TCM decoction pieces. The UPLC characteristic chromatograms analysis method was established. With andrographolide as a reference, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS）was established for new neoandrographolide, 14 deoxyandrographolide and dehydrated andrographolide and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）to determine the accuracy of the method. Results Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM（2012 edition）was used to analyze and compare the characteristic chromatograms, and seven common peaks were determined and five were identified including luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. The RSDs of content results of each component by QAMS and ESM were all within 3%. Conclusion The determination method is reliable and accurate, which can be used to reflect the intrinsic quality of Andrographis paniculata standard decoction more comprehensively and provide the basis for the quality evaluation of Andrographis paniculata formula granules and other preparations.
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