Latest Articles
Articles in press have been peer-reviewed and accepted, which are not yet assigned to volumes/issues, but are citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
Display Method:
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509037
Abstract:
Oral vaccines, owing to their non-invasive nature, ease of administration, and ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, represent a pivotal direction in vaccine development. Microfold cells （M cells）, a specialized subset of immune-surveillance epithelial cells, though sparsely distributed, possess exceptional capacity for antigen uptake and transcytosis, rendering them a critical target for overcoming the bottlenecks of oral vaccine delivery. The morphological structure, antigen uptake mechanisms, and surface receptor characteristics of intestinal M cells were summarized in this paper. The multifaceted challenges currently impeding M cell-targeted oral delivery and recent advances in targeting strategies based on receptor–ligand specific recognition were analyzed. The design and application of delivery carriers tailored for M cell targeting were reviewed. This study aimed to provide insights and guidance for future research and development of M cell-targeted mucosal delivery systems in the intestine.
Oral vaccines, owing to their non-invasive nature, ease of administration, and ability to elicit both mucosal and systemic immune responses, represent a pivotal direction in vaccine development. Microfold cells （M cells）, a specialized subset of immune-surveillance epithelial cells, though sparsely distributed, possess exceptional capacity for antigen uptake and transcytosis, rendering them a critical target for overcoming the bottlenecks of oral vaccine delivery. The morphological structure, antigen uptake mechanisms, and surface receptor characteristics of intestinal M cells were summarized in this paper. The multifaceted challenges currently impeding M cell-targeted oral delivery and recent advances in targeting strategies based on receptor–ligand specific recognition were analyzed. The design and application of delivery carriers tailored for M cell targeting were reviewed. This study aimed to provide insights and guidance for future research and development of M cell-targeted mucosal delivery systems in the intestine.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512047
Abstract:
Objective To explore the influencing factors of medication errors（ME）in the intravenous admixture service center of a tertiary hospital in Xi 'an and construct a prediction model. Methods A retrospective cohort study design was adopted, with 200 cases of ME recorded at the hospital's intravenous dispensing center from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2024, as the ME group. 400 cases of routine medication records without ME were randomly selected as the ME group. Baseline data from two groups were collected and compared, the influencing factors of ME in the hospital's static fitting center was analyzed, and a decision tree mode was constructed. Results There was a statistically significant difference（P<0.05）in incomplete medical order information, high-risk drugs, preparation time, and pharmacist training frequency between the ME group and the non ME group. However, there was no statistically significant difference（P>0.05）in other data between the groups; Through logistics regression analysis, it was found that incomplete medical order information, high-risk drugs, preparation time, and pharmacist training frequency were all influencing factors for ME occurrence in hospital intravenous dispensing centers（OR>1, P<0.05）; The constructed decision tree model selected a total of four explanatory variables, among which the configuration time was the important root node variable. The AUC of the decision tree model was 0.808（95% CI: 0.774~0.842）, the sensitivity was 0.840, the specificity was 0.635, and the Youden index was 0.475. Conclusion The occurrence of ME in the hospital's static dispensing center from 2023 to 2024 was related to incomplete medical order information, high-risk drugs, preparation time, and pharmacist training frequency. The decision tree model constructed based on the above indicators had certain predictive value for ME in the static dispensing center.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202510044
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the protective effect of Indigo Naturalis on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Methods The mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion was established using the filament ligation method. Mice were randomly divided into five groups: sham surgery, model, positive drug control, low-dose Indigo Naturalis, and high-dose Indigo Naturalis. After 7 days of drug administration, the relevant experiments were performed. Neurological function was assessed via behavioral scoring, balance beam test, forelimb grip strength, and tail lift test. Brain infarct volume was quantified using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride （TTC） staining. Histopathological changes and neuronal apoptosis were systematically analyzed through hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining, Nissl staining, and TUNEL staining. Finally, polymerase chain reaction （PCR） was employed to detect mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β （IL-1β）, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）, interleukin-6 （IL-6）, and microglial polarization markers （CD32, CD206） in the mouse cerebral cortex. Results Compared with the model group, the neurological function scores of mice in the high-dose Indigo Naturalis group showed significant improvement, and the motor ability recovery in each drug-administration group was remarkable （P<0.05, P<0.01）. The cerebral infarct volume in the high-dose Indigo Naturalis group was significantly reduced （P<0.05）. Histological results revealed that Indigo Naturalis could alleviate pathological damage in brain tissue and reduce neuronal apoptosis （P<0.01）. PCR results demonstrated that after treatment with Indigo Naturalis, the expression of inflammatory factors and CD32 was significantly downregulated （P<0.05, P<0.01）, while the expression of CD206 was significantly upregulated （P<0.05）. Conclusion Indigo Naturalis can improve motor function in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, and its effects may be related to regulating inflammatory responses and reducing neuronal damage.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202601017
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the cost-utility of risdiplam in the treatment of pediatric spinal muscular atrophy （SMA） and examine changes in patients’ out-of-pocket economic burden under different health insurance scenarios. Methods A Markov model was developed from the healthcare system perspective to compare the long-term costs and quality-adjusted life years （QALYs） of risdiplam treatment versus conventional therapy. The incremental cost-utility ratio （ICUR） was calculated. One-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were conducted to assess the robustness of the model. On this basis, health insurance scenarios were simulated to evaluate patients’ individual economic burden. Results Base-case analysis showed that risdiplam treatment generated additional health benefits but substantially increased medical costs. The resulting ICUR did not demonstrate a clear cost-utility advantage under the current willingness-to-pay threshold. Sensitivity analyses indicated that the model results were relatively robust, with drug costs and key utility parameters being the main drivers of economic outcomes. Health insurance scenario analysis demonstrated that increasing reimbursement levels and reducing patient copayment rates could significantly alleviate patients’ financial burden. Conclusion Risdiplam for pediatric SMA faces economic challenges under the current health insurance payment framework in China. However, optimizing health insurance reimbursement policies and developing multi-tiered healthcare security mechanisms may improve its affordability and accessibility.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512005
Abstract:
Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and preventive strategies of severe infusion-related reactions （IRR） caused by cetuximab, providing reference for its safe clinical application. Methods The clinical data of two patients who experienced severe infusion-related reactions （IRR） following cetuximab treatment were retrospectively analyzed. With clinical data and relevant literature, the underlying reaction mechanisms were elucidated and corresponding preventive measures were formulated. Results Two patients with malignant tumors received cetuximab infusion after pretreatment, and both developed severe infusion-related reactions （IRR） abruptly within minutes of infusion. Symptoms were relieved after drug discontinuation and symptomatic treatment, and the patients were discharged in stable condition. Conclusion Cetuximab – induced severe IRR is acute in onset. Clinically, standardized pre-medication, enhanced monitoring during infusion and implementation of preventive strategies are essential to guarantee medication safety.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202510037
Abstract:
Objective To explore the impact of medication therapy management （MTM） on medication adherence, medication knowledge, and incidence of adverse drug reactions （ADRs） in patients with coronary heart disease （CHD）. Methods The Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the Medication Knowledge Assessment Scale were established. Sixty patients with CHD who received pharmaceutical outpatient services from October 2023 to March 2025 were selected and divided into the MTM group and the control group using a random number table method, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received routine pharmaceutical outpatient counseling and conventional treatment, the MTM group received clinical pharmacist-led MTM services in addition to routine pharmaceutical outpatient counseling and conventional treatment. Analyze the medication adherence, medication cognition, and incidence of adverse reactions of the two groups of patients before and after the intervention at 0 months, 1 month, and 6 months, respectively. Results After 6 months, the medication adherence and medication knowledge in the MTM group were 7.20±0.43, 17.92±0.73 respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group （4.83±0.83, 11.20±1.55, respectively）. The incidence of ADRs in the MTM group was 16.67%, which was significantly lower than those in the control group（43.33%）. The differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion MTM could significantly improve medication adherence and medication knowledge in patients with CHD, reduce the incidence of ADRs, and enhance the safety and efficacy of medication use for patients.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202409045
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effect of activating α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor （α7nAChR） on calcium chloride （CaCl2）-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm （AAA） injury in mice. Methods AAA model was induced by CaCl2 in wild type （WT） mice and α7nAChR knockout （α7nAChR−/−） mice. The effects of knockout of α7nAChR on histological damage in CaCl2-induced AAA mice and expression of inflammatory factors were assessed by HE staining, Elasticavan Gieson（EVG） staining and IHC staining. Rat-derived primary vascular smooth muscle cells （VSMC） were stimulated with Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), which mimicked the inflammatory environment of AAA. The expressions of inflammation-related proteins were detected by using Western-Blot with or without PNU-282987 to activate α7nAChR. Results Aortic dilatation was obvious, and the aortic structure was disrupted in CaCl2-induced AAA mice. Knockout of α7nAChR further exacerbated the histological injury and significantly up-regulated the expression of inflammation-related proteins in aorta of AAA mice. It was showed that TNF-α stimulation of VSMC increased inflammation-related protein expression, whereas activation of α7nAChR prevented the phenomenon. Conclusion Activation of α7nAChR could attenuate CaCl2-induced AAA injury in mice by suppressing the inflammatory response.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the potential protective mechanism of tanshinone ⅡA against acetaminophen （APAP）-induced acute liver injury. Methods Thirty mice were randomly divided into the normal group, model group, low-dose tanshinone ⅡA group (5 mg/kg), medium-dose tanshinone ⅡA group (10 mg/kg) and high-dose tanshinone ⅡA group (20 mg/kg). All groups were intragastrically administered once daily for 7 consecutive days. On the 7th day, except for the normal group, mice in the remaining groups were intraperitoneally injected with 400 mg/kg APAP to establish the acute lung injury (ALI) model. The protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA was evaluated based on the liver weight ratio, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase （AST） and alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and hematoxylin-eosin （H&E） staining. Targets of tanshinone ⅡA were predicted by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and a shared target protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins (STRING) 11.5 in combination with disease targets from GeneCards. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis was performed by Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. The molecular docking between tanshinone ⅡA and the core targets was performed by AutoDock and visualised. Results Compared with the normal group, the liver weight ratio and serum aminotransferase level of mice with acute liver injury were significantly elevated （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury of liver tissue was obvious. After tanshinone ⅡA treatment, the above index were significantly reduced （P<0.05）, and the pathological injury was significantly improved. Further network pharmacological analysis was carried out and found that KEGG pathway enrichment analysis focused on IL-17 signaling pathway and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway, etc. In addition, the PPI core network showed that the key targets of tanshinone ⅡA to ameliorate acute liver injury mainly included TP53, AKT1, SRC, TNF and JUN. The molecular docking results showed that tanshinone ⅡA had high binding scores with the targets of MMP9, NFKB1, TNF, EP300 and SMAD3; and was able to bind to the targets of TP53, AKT1, SRC and JUN. Conclusion Tanshinone ⅡA may play a protective role against acute liver injury by regulating genes such as AKT1, JUN and TNF, and participating in signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509049
Abstract:
Objective To determine the related substances in Esmolol Hydrochloride Injection by HPLC method. Methods A Waters XBridgeTM C18 （4.6 mm×150 mm,5 µm） column packed with octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used, with phosphate buffer （3.0 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate was taken, dissolved in water and diluted to 650 ml）-acetonitrile-methanol （65∶15∶20） as the mobile phase A, and mobile phase A mixed with methanol （65∶35） as the mobile phase B. The gradient elution volume was 20 μl. The analytes were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed on a gradient elution with an injection volume of 20 μl, a column temperature of 30℃, a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and a detection wavelength of 222 nm. Results The separation between esmolol hydrochloride and neighboring impurities as well as between each impurity was greater than 1.5; the impurities showed good linearity in their respective linear ranges （r>0.999）. The average recovery of impurity a （Imp-a） was 99.1% with an RSD of 0.56%; the average recovery of impurity b（Imp-b）was 96.0% with an RSD of 0.98%; the average recovery of impurity c （Imp-c） was 100.7% with an RSD of 1.24%; the average recovery of impurity d （Imp-d） was 99.0% with an RSD of 0.12%; the average recovery of impurity e （Imp-e） was 100.7% with an RSD of 0.64%; and the impurity f （Imp-f） average recovery was 101.7% with an RSD of 3.26%; impurity g （Imp-g） average recovery was 99.1% with an RSD of 1.45%. Conclusion This method could evaluate the quality of Esmolol Hydrochloride injection more accurately than the current standard and could provide data reference for the quality evaluation system.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508050
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the causal relationship between RNA-binding protein PUM2 and ischemic heart disease （IHD） using two-sample Mendelian randomization （MR）, provide new targets for IHD etiology and prevention. Methods Cis-eQTL data for PUM2 were obtained from the eQTLGen Consortium, with IHD genome-wide association study data from the FinnGen database as the outcome. PUM2-associated SNPs were selected as instrumental variables. Inverse variance weighted （IVW） method was primarily used, supplemented by weighted median method for MR analysis. Heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and robustness were assessed by Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger regression, leave-one-out analysis, and MR-PRESSO. Results IVW analysis showed that higher PUM2 levels were significantly associated with reduced IHD risk （OR=0.7923 , 95% CI: 0.6627 –0.9471 , P=0.0260 ）, with consistent results from the weighted median method （OR=0.7913 , 95% CI: 0.6439 –0.9724 , P=0.0106 ）. Sensitivity analyses revealed no heterogeneity or pleiotropy, and leave-one-out analysis confirmed robust results. Reverse MR found no evidence of reverse causation. Conclusion Genetically predicted higher PUM2 levels may reduce IHD risk, suggesting PUM2 as a potential protective factor and therapeutic target for IHD.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508053
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determinant of gallic acid in Sicaokeyin gel. Methods With gallic acid as reference substance, HPLC analysis was performed on a Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column （4.6 mm ×25 mm, 5 μm） with methanol-0.05%phosphoric acid （5∶95） under isocratic elution. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min and the detection wavelength was 272 nm. The column temperature was 30℃, the injection volume was 10 ul. Results Gallic acid showed good linear relationship in the range of 1.004 ～ 50.18 μg/ml （r=0.999 9）. The average recovery was 102.9% （n=9）. Conclusion The method was easy to operate; the result was accurate and reliable, which be used for the quality control of Sanguisorba officinalis in Sicaokeyin gel.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202506020
Abstract:
Objective To explore the application safety of Fibrauretine injection through hemolytic test, active systemic anaphylaxis（ASA）test and local irritation test. Methods Routine visual observation and spectrophotometry were used to detect its hemolysis; the ASA test on guinea pigs was conducted to observe the allergenicity of the drug; the auricular vein irritation test and quadriceps femoris muscle irritation test on rabbits were performed to evaluate the irritancy of the drug. Results Fibrauretine injection induced hemolysis in rabbit red blood cells, did not cause allergic reactions in guinea pigs, exerted mild to moderate irritation on the auricular veins of rabbits, and showed no irritant effect on the quadriceps femoris of rabbits. Conclusion Fibrauretine injection has certain hemolytic properties and vascular irritancy. Special attention should be paid to safety inspections during the production and clinical application of this drug.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505028
Abstract:
Objective To establish a quality standard for Xiaozhong Zhiyang Granules（XZG ） . Methods Qualitative identification of each composed single herbs such as Radix Sophorae Flavescentis, Granati Pericarpium, Radix Sanguisorbae, and Cortex Ailanthi in XZG was performed using thin-layer chromatography （TLC）. Owing to the different chemical properties of key quality bio-markers in XZG, two analytical methods were developed: Gallic acid, ellagic acid, ziyuglycoside I, and canthin-6-one were simultaneously quantified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC）, whereas matrine and oxymatrine were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Results The optimized TLC identification methods were accurate and specific, and TLC spots of each composed raw materials were clear and well separated, and there was no interference with the negative control samples. The quantitative methods demonstrated excellent precision, stability, and repeatability, with relative standard deviations （RSD） below 3.0 % for all six analytes. Mean recoveries ranged from 97.47 % to 101.13 %. Conclusion The method was stable, reliable, simple, proprietary and reproducible, which could be used for the quality control of the hospital preparation of the XZG.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202210036
Abstract:
With the aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease（AD）has become a common disease in the elderly. Because of its complex pathogenesis and the limited clinical drugs which can only improve the symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）shows great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. Its multi-component and multi-target characteristics coincide with the network pharmacology's emphasis on multi-channel regulation of signal pathways. This paper summarized the common websites and tools of network pharmacology, as well as the application of network pharmacology in the research of AD, and provided reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of AD using traditional Chinese medicine.
With the aging of the population, Alzheimer's disease（AD）has become a common disease in the elderly. Because of its complex pathogenesis and the limited clinical drugs which can only improve the symptoms, traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）shows great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. Its multi-component and multi-target characteristics coincide with the network pharmacology's emphasis on multi-channel regulation of signal pathways. This paper summarized the common websites and tools of network pharmacology, as well as the application of network pharmacology in the research of AD, and provided reference for further research on the prevention and treatment of AD using traditional Chinese medicine.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411036
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effect of remimazolam premedication on emergence delirium （ED） in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy. Methods Children aged 3-6 years who underwent tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy with general anesthesia in Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University from July 2023 to September 2024 were randomly divided into 0.1 mg/kg remimazolam group（group R1）, 0.2 mg/kg remimazolam group group R2） and normal saline group （group P）. Three groups were sedated preoperatively with remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg, remimazolam 0.2 mg/kg and normal saline, respectively. The primary outcome was the incidence of ED. The secondary outcomes included the parental separation anxiety scale （PSAS） score when entering the operating room, the induction compliance checklist （ICC） score at induction, the anesthetic recovery time, the incidence of rescue propofol for ED, the face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability （FLACC） score and the incidence of postoperative pain during the recovery period, the incidence of adverse reactions during the operation and postoperatively, and the incidence of negative postoperative behavioral changes （NPOBCs） at first day , 7th day, 30th day postoperatively. Results A total of 119 children completed the study, including 41 children in group R1, 38 children in group R2, and 40 children ingroup P. The incidence of ED and propofol rescue, the PSAS scores and ICC scores of group R1 and R2 were lower than that of group P （P<0.05）, and the above results in group R2 was better than those in group R1 （P<0.05）. The FLACC score, the incidence of postoperative pain, and the incidence of adverse reactions among the three groups had no difference （P>0.05）. The incidence of NPOBCs at 1st day and 7th day postoperatively in group R1 and group R2 was lower than that in group P （P<0.05）, but no difference was detected at 30th day postoperatively among the three groups （P>0.05）. Conclusion Remimazolam used for preoperative sedation could reduce the incidence of ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and （or） adenoidectomy, and had a positive effect on alleviating the preoperative anxiety and preventing NPOBCs
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603035
Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the causal association between meningioma and asthma using a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization （MR） approach. Methods Genome-wide association study （GWAS） data were used to select single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） associated with meningioma and asthma as instrumental variables, respectively. The inverse variance weighted （IVW） method was applied as the primary analytical approach. Causal effects were quantified using odds ratios （OR） and 95% confidence intervals （95%CI）. Heterogeneity among instrumental variables was assessed by Cochran's Q test, horizontal pleiotropy was examined using the MR-Egger regression intercept test, and sensitivity analyses were performed using leave-one-out validation. A funnel plot was used to visually evaluate the symmetry of effect estimates across SNPs. Results IVW analysis indicated a positive causal effect of meningioma on the risk of asthma （OR = 1.15,95%CI:1.10–1.20, P<0.05）. Heterogeneity tests showed no significant heterogeneity among the selected SNPs （IVW Q-test P = 0.34; MR-Egger Q-test P = 0.82）. The MR-Egger intercept test revealed no horizontal pleiotropy （P>0.05）. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis suggested that no single SNP substantially influenced the overall estimate, and the funnel plot showed symmetric distribution of SNP effects, supporting robust and reliable results. Reverse-direction MR found no statistically significant causal effect of asthma on meningioma risk （OR= 0.93, 95%CI: 0.80–1.09, P=0.36）. Conclusion This two-sample bidirectional MR study provides evidence that meningioma may be an independent causal risk factor for an increased risk of asthma, whereas asthma shows no significant causal effect on meningioma risk, thus not supporting the existence of a reverse causal relationship.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503043
Abstract:
Objective To systematically analyze and evaluate the risk prediction models for potential inappropriate medication usage in older adults. Methods Articles reporting risk prediction model for potentially inappropriate medication （PIM） in elderly published prior to February 28th,2025 were searched in the online databases of Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, evaluated the quality of the included literature, and assessed the risk of bias and adaptability according to the risk of bias assessment scale （PROBAST）. Results A total of 9 models from 7 studies were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies; most of the included models were modeled using logistic regression and machine learning; all 7 studies were internally validated, and only 3 studies were externally validated; the differentiation （AUC） of the model construction groups ranged from 0.5765 to 0.99; the range of the predictors in the studies ranged from 3 to 12, and the common predictive factors included: number of comorbid medications, number of diseases, age, and length of hospitalization; model calibration was performed in five studies; and the model presentation was mainly in the form of a column-line graph. The predictive models of the included studies had good applicability but a high risk of bias. Conclusion Most of the PIM risk prediction models in this study performed well, but there was some risk of bias, and most of the models need further external validation. Future researchers should be encouraged to standardize the construction and validation of models concerning the PROBAST statement to develop better models.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603037
Abstract:
Objective To optimize the extraction process of the prescription crude drugs of the hospital preparation Compound Jiangyu Granules and to evaluate its in vitro anti-lung cancer activity. Methods A high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was established to determine the contents of quercetin, ursolic acid, and physcion in the prescription crude drugs of Compound Jiangyu Granules. The extraction process was optimized using the contents of these three marker components and the extract yield as evaluation indices. In addition, the effects of the extract on the proliferation and apoptosis of mouse lung cancer LLC cells were investigated. Results The optimal extraction process was as follows: extraction with 12-fold volume of water relative to the crude drug weight at 70°C, performed three times, for 1 h each time. Under these conditions, the extraction amounts of the marker components and the extract yield were relatively high. The contents of quercetin, ursolic acid, and physcion were 41.89±0.26 μg/g, 61.62±1.75 μg/g, and 3.07±0.08 μg/g, respectively, and the extract yield was 27.08±0.69%. The process was stable and reproducible. In vitro experimental results showed that the extract significantly inhibited the proliferation of LLC cells, with an IC50 value of 65.10 mg/ml （calculated based on crude drug amount）, and promoted LLC cell apoptosis, with the apoptosis rate of 53.11±2.00%. Conclusion The optimized extraction process for the prescription crude drugs of Compound Jiangyu Granules is stable and reproducible, providing an experimental basis for quality control and further development. The extract solution exhibits significant in vitro anti-lung cancer activity against LLC cells.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202507003
Abstract:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring （TDM） is the core approach for individualized precision medication in clinical practice. Based on pharmacokinetics, it quantitatively measures in vivo drug concentrations using modern analytical techniques, mainly applied to drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, significant adverse reactions, and large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability across multiple categories. TDM plays an irreplaceable role in optimizing therapeutic regimens, reducing drug toxicity, and enhancing rational clinical drug use. TDM-applicable drugs were systematically reviewed in this paper, focusing on the working principles, clinical applications, advantages and limitations of mainstream analytical techniques （immunoassay, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS） and emerging ones （surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry）, which provided a valuable reference for the standardized clinical application of TDM, rational selection of analytical methods, and subsequent technological research and development.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring （TDM） is the core approach for individualized precision medication in clinical practice. Based on pharmacokinetics, it quantitatively measures in vivo drug concentrations using modern analytical techniques, mainly applied to drugs with a narrow therapeutic window, significant adverse reactions, and large interindividual pharmacokinetic variability across multiple categories. TDM plays an irreplaceable role in optimizing therapeutic regimens, reducing drug toxicity, and enhancing rational clinical drug use. TDM-applicable drugs were systematically reviewed in this paper, focusing on the working principles, clinical applications, advantages and limitations of mainstream analytical techniques （immunoassay, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS） and emerging ones （surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry）, which provided a valuable reference for the standardized clinical application of TDM, rational selection of analytical methods, and subsequent technological research and development.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505023
Abstract:
Objective To explore the potential application of rhizosphere microbes in promoting the growth of saffron crocus and their roles in improving soil quality and reducing environmental stress. Methods Rhizosphere bacteria were identified from the rhizosphere soil of Crocus Sativus L. and their growth-promoting characteristics were studied. Field trials were conducted to assess the impact of inoculating rhizosphere bacteria on the growth of C. Sativus corms, and their effects on the number of rhizosphere soil microbes, microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activity were analyzed. Results The strain SR383 effectively produced plant hormones and demonstrated potential in nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, and potassium release. The field application of SR383 led to increasement of fresh weight and leaf length of C. Sativus, as well as enhanced levels of microbial populations and enzyme activity in the soil. Conclusion As a potential plant growth promoter, SR383 can significantly stimulate the growth of saffron crocus and ameliorate soil quality, providing a scientific basis for its application as an alternative to chemical fertilizers in saffron crocus production.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603024
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the clinical recognition, anticoagulation transition strategies, and key points of pharmaceutical care for heparin-induced thrombocytopenia type II （HIT） in hemodialysis patients and provide reference for standardized management of similar cases. Methods Through a case report of a 78-year-old female patient with stage 5D chronic kidney disease （CKD） who developed type II HIT following low molecular weight heparin （LMWH） anticoagulation, clinical pharmacists participated in therapeutic decision-making. Clinical probability was assessed using the 4T's score, a heparin-free alternative anticoagulation regimen was formulated, and comprehensive pharmaceutical care was implemented throughout the treatment course. Relevant literature was reviewed to analyze pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and alternative anticoagulant options for HIT. Results The patient with end-stage renal disease （ESRD） underwent hemodialysis and developed progressive thrombocytopenia on day 11 of LMWH anticoagulation, accompanied by multiple deep veins thromboses （DVT） and dry gangrene of the extremities. Despite negative heparin-platelet factor 4 （PF4） antibody testing, the 4T's score was 7 points （high clinical probability）. Clinical pharmacists recommended immediate discontinuation of all heparin and transition to Argatroban combined with Rivaroxaban. Following treatment, platelet counts progressively recovered, DVT resolved, and peripheral perfusion improved. Occult blood in stool and generalized ecchymosis occurred during therapy; bleeding manifestations resolved after rivaroxaban dose adjustment. Conclusion Hemodialysis patients are a high-risk population for type II HIT . For patients with 4T's score ≥6, immediate HIT management should be initiated regardless of antibody test results, including discontinuation of all heparin agents and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulation. Through participation in therapeutic decision-making, optimization of anticoagulation regimens, and adverse reaction monitoring, clinical pharmacists can effectively ensure medication safety in hemodialysis patients complicated with HIT.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202502021
Abstract:
Hippophae rhamnoides is a plant with both medicinal and edible properties, rich in nutritional value and biological activity, and has a long history of medicinal use. It is rich in various chemically active components, mainly including flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and fatty acids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the chemically active components of sea buckthorn both at home and abroad. By comparing different extraction methods of various components, it has been found that different extraction methods affect the chemical structure of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts, and thus influence their pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that sea buckthorn has significant pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and overweight, liver diseases, immune regulation diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and so on, with multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, and blood sugar-lowering. Its development and application value in the fields of health food and medicine is immeasurable. The different chemical components of Hippophae rhamnoides, their extraction and analysis methods were systematically reviews, as well as the research progress on its main pharmacological effects and mechanisms, which could provide a reference basis for the further development and application of Hippophae rhamnoides resources.
Hippophae rhamnoides is a plant with both medicinal and edible properties, rich in nutritional value and biological activity, and has a long history of medicinal use. It is rich in various chemically active components, mainly including flavonoids, polysaccharides, vitamins, and fatty acids. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the chemically active components of sea buckthorn both at home and abroad. By comparing different extraction methods of various components, it has been found that different extraction methods affect the chemical structure of Hippophae rhamnoides extracts, and thus influence their pharmacological activities. Studies have shown that sea buckthorn has significant pharmacological effects in cardiovascular diseases, obesity and overweight, liver diseases, immune regulation diseases, gastrointestinal diseases and so on, with multiple pharmacological activities such as antioxidation, anti-inflammation, lipid-lowering, and blood sugar-lowering. Its development and application value in the fields of health food and medicine is immeasurable. The different chemical components of Hippophae rhamnoides, their extraction and analysis methods were systematically reviews, as well as the research progress on its main pharmacological effects and mechanisms, which could provide a reference basis for the further development and application of Hippophae rhamnoides resources.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202505038
Abstract:
Colchicine, a classic anti-inflammatory agent, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. Given the pivotal role of inflammation in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the clinical value of colchicine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases has attracted significant attention. Diabetes mellitus （DM） induces severe and irreversible vascular complications, among which cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, existing research indicates heterogeneity in the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine among patients with cardiovascular diseases and those with diabetes complicated by cardiovascular conditions. The heterogeneity manifests as differences in efficacy across various disease stages, patient baseline characteristics, specific cardiovascular event types, endpoint definitions, and treatment regimens. The current domestic and international research findings on colchicine in relation to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients were reviewed in this paper, which aimed to elucidate the underlying causes of this efficacy heterogeneity and provided evidence-based guidance and reference for the precise identification of potential beneficiary populations and the optimization of individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice.
Colchicine, a classic anti-inflammatory agent, has long been used for the prevention and treatment of gouty arthritis and familial Mediterranean fever. Given the pivotal role of inflammation in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the clinical value of colchicine in the secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases has attracted significant attention. Diabetes mellitus （DM） induces severe and irreversible vascular complications, among which cardiovascular diseases represent the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients. However, existing research indicates heterogeneity in the therapeutic efficacy of colchicine among patients with cardiovascular diseases and those with diabetes complicated by cardiovascular conditions. The heterogeneity manifests as differences in efficacy across various disease stages, patient baseline characteristics, specific cardiovascular event types, endpoint definitions, and treatment regimens. The current domestic and international research findings on colchicine in relation to cardiovascular events and cardiovascular events in diabetic patients were reviewed in this paper, which aimed to elucidate the underlying causes of this efficacy heterogeneity and provided evidence-based guidance and reference for the precise identification of potential beneficiary populations and the optimization of individualized treatment strategies in clinical practice.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512033
Abstract:
Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy of once-weekly tirzepatide in participants with obesity. Methods We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and The ClinicalTrails.gov identify randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of Tirzepatide with placebo in adults with obesity, and searched the databases up to July, 2025. The quality of literature was evaluated after they were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Meta-analysis analyses were conducted by using RevMan 5.3 and R 4.4.2 software, and analyzed the efficacy with different dose. Results This study included 11 articles, with 7570 obesity participants. The Meta-analysis results showed that with the dose growing up, tirzepatide is more effective in weight loss, waist circumference loss, body mass index loss, achievement of ≥5%, ≥10% and ≥15% weight loss comparing with placebo. Gastrointestinal side effects were common but generally mild. Conclusion Once-a-week tirzepatide appears to be effective and generally well-tolerated in adults with overweight or obesity.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202604011
Abstract:
Objective To synthesize a mitochondria-targeted poly （ADP-ribose） polymerase （PARP） inhibitor and prepare its brain-targeted liposomes to investigate their physicochemical properties, aiming to provide a novel strategy for the treatment of traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods Olaparib was conjugated with triphenylphosphonium （TPP） to synthesize TPP-OLA. The chemical structure was confirmed by spectroscopic analysis, and its enzymatic inhibitory activity was evaluated in vitro. A high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） method was established for quantitative analysis. Brain-targeted drug-loaded liposomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method. The preparation process was optimized, and their in vitro release behavior was investigated. Results High-purity TPP-OLA was successfully obtained, exhibiting a half-maximal inhibitory concentration （IC50） of 4.1 nM against the PARP enzyme, thereby retaining the corresponding enzyme inhibitory activity. The established HPLC method demonstrated good linearity within the concentration range of 2–1024 μg/ml （R2=0.9993 ）. The brain-targeted liposomes prepared using the optimized formulation displayed a well-rounded morphology, an average particle size of 82.24 nm, an average Zeta potential of +9.9 mV, an encapsulation efficiency reaching 80.0%, favorable in vitro physical stability, along with a steady sustained-release profile over 72 h. Conclusion The synthetic route for TPP-OLA is feasible. The resulting drug-loaded liposomes possess suitable physicochemical properties and druggability, offering a novel delivery vehicle for precise neuroprotective therapy of TBI.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512051
Abstract:
Objective To control the overall quality and improve the quality standard of Shuzhi Lotion. Methods The chromatograms of 16 batches of samples were established by HPLC. The similarity evaluation of HPLC fingerprints for 16 batches of Shuzhi Lotion was performed by the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine （2012 edition）. SPSS27.0 and SIMCA14.1 data analysis software were used to perform the chemical pattern recognition to screen the key components. The content of key components was determined by HPLC to evaluate the quality difference of different batches of Shuzhi Lotion. Results The similarity between 16 batches of samples and the control map ranged from 0.967-0.994. 25 common peaks were calibrated, and 9 chromatographic peaks were identified. Both cluster analysis and principal component analysis could classify 16 batches of samples into two categories; five principal components were obtained by principal component analysis, and their cumulative variance contribution rate was 89.70%;five index components were screened by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）, which were sophocarpine, loganic acid, caffeic acid, phellodendrine, chicoric acid. A method for the determination of 9 index components in Shuzhi Lotion was established. RSDs of precision, repeatability and stability tests were less than 3%. The recoveries were in the range of 96.44%-104.39%, and the RSD values were less than 2.96%. The contents of sophocarpine, loganic acid, chlorogenic acid, gentiopicroside, caffeic acid, phellodendrine, polydatin, chicoric acid and emodin-8-O-glucose were 316.59-546.00、976.59-1 407.60、355.51-578.20、1 545.37-1 943.61、93.93-183.99、76.81-151.27、254.43-529.86、301.61-701.20、195.85-338.85 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion The method established in this study was accurate, stable and reliable, which could comprehensively and effectively evaluate the quality of Shuzhi Lotion.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202603061
Abstract:
Objective To quantify the preferences and willingness to pay from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） for different treatment attributes through a discrete choice experiment （DCE）. Methods Patients with COPD were recruited from five hospitals in Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China, through convenience sampling to complete an online survey. Patient preferences were analyzed by conditional logit. Relative attribute importance and willingness to pay were further estimated, and interaction and subgroup analyses were conducted. Results A total of 286 questionnaires was distributed in this study. After validity screening based on quality-control criteria, 229 questionnaires were deemed valid, yielding an effective response rate of 80.06%. The results showed that patients with COPD placed the greatest importance on adverse effects, dyspnea, and onset of action. Interaction-effect analysis indicated clear combination effects in patient preferences, while subgroup analyses showed that the overall direction of preferences was broadly consistent across different populations, although the intensity of preferences varied. Conclusion Patients with COPD prioritized efficacy, safety, and affordability in treatment decision-making, with adverse effects, dyspnea, and onset of action emerging as the key determinants of preference.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405056
Abstract:
Objective To explore the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule in preventing and treating acute mountain sickness based on biological information platform and in vitro experiment. Methods TCMSP and TCMID traditional Chinese medicine information database were used to obtain the active components and predicted targets of Shen Hong capsule. TTD database, DisGeNET database and GeneCards database were used to search for the targets of acute mountain sickness related diseases, and the potential therapeutic targets were obtained. The protein-protein interaction （PPI） was analyzed by STRING, DAVID online platform analyzes GO biological annotation and KEGG signal pathway enrichment. The network information was visualized by Cytoscape software, the key targets in PPI network were obtained according to the topology data, and the binding ability of main active components and key therapeutic targets were analyzed by molecular docking. The validation of the main active components was performed by LC-MS. The hypoxia model was created by H9c2 cells, apoptosis was visualized by Hoechst33342 staining, and key target proteins were verified by Western blot. Results 91 active components, 3 main active components and 150 predicted targets were selected from Shen Hong capsule. 515 targets of altitude sickness-related diseases and 37 targets of Shen Hong capsule regulating altitude sickness-related diseases were screened out. 44 related signal pathways, such as HIF-1 signal pathway, PPAR signal pathway, Drug metabolism - cytochrome P450, were enriched and analyzed. TNF, IL1B, VEGFA, NOS3, EGFR, ESR1, PPARG, NR3C1 HMOX1 and IFNG were 10 key targets. The molecular docking results showed that the docking conformations between the main active components and the key targets were stable. The three main active components of quercetin, luteolin and kaempferol were identified by LC-MS, and in vitro experiments proved that Shen Hong capsule could relieve acute hypoxia injury by regulating the expression of HIF-1α, PPARG, NOS3, and TNF. Conclusion Shen Hong capsule could regulate the body’s hypoxia response and metabolism through multi-component, multi-target and multi-channel ways, so as to prevent and treat acute mountain sickness. This study provided a direction for further exploring the mechanism of Shen Hong capsule, and also provided a theoretical basis for further development and clinical application.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509041
Abstract:
As a traditional Chinese medicine, elemental sulfur has long been used for the treatment of scabies and tinea. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the biological function of elemental sulfur, its function has been extended to the treatment of acne, eczema, rosacea and other skin diseases, and the various mechanisms of elemental sulfur involved in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases are gradually being elucidated: the dual regulatory effect of elemental sulfur on skin keratinization, anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, and insecticide-killing effect. However, the therapeutic effects and specific mechanisms of action of this drug vary in different diseases, and the related research still need to be improved. In addition, the effects of elemental sulfur on pharmacokinetics and skin healing need to be further explored. The application status and mechanism of elemental sulfur in common skin diseases were systematically reviewed in this paper, which and provided a new perspective for the future development of elemental sulfur in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
As a traditional Chinese medicine, elemental sulfur has long been used for the treatment of scabies and tinea. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the biological function of elemental sulfur, its function has been extended to the treatment of acne, eczema, rosacea and other skin diseases, and the various mechanisms of elemental sulfur involved in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases are gradually being elucidated: the dual regulatory effect of elemental sulfur on skin keratinization, anti-inflammatory effect, antibacterial effect, and insecticide-killing effect. However, the therapeutic effects and specific mechanisms of action of this drug vary in different diseases, and the related research still need to be improved. In addition, the effects of elemental sulfur on pharmacokinetics and skin healing need to be further explored. The application status and mechanism of elemental sulfur in common skin diseases were systematically reviewed in this paper, which and provided a new perspective for the future development of elemental sulfur in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202410049
Abstract:
Objective To compare the contents of malonyl-ginsenosides Rb3 （MG-Rb3） in different parts, including roots, stems, leaves and flowers, of Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng. To explore the effects of two drying methods, constant temperature drying and vacuum freeze drying on their contents. Methods The contents of MG-Rb3 in P. ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng were compared based on HPLC analysis, using enzymatically synthesized MG-Rb3 as the reference standard. Results The buds of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolium exhibited relatively high levels of MG-Rb3, which were approximately 7.3-18.1 times and 2.8-4.3 times higher than those found in the roots, respectively, and the lowest contents were detected in the stems. The content of MG-Rb3 in P. notoginseng flower buds was about 31.2 times higher than that in leaves. The content of MG-Rb3 in the buds treated by constant temperature drying was about 1-1.1 times that of using vacuum freeze drying. Conclusion The highest content of MG-Rb3 was detected in the flower buds of P. ginseng and P. notoginseng, and the content of MG-Rb3 in leaves of P. quinquefolium was the highest. Content of MG-Rb3 in the buds after constant temperature drying was slightly higher than that of using vacuum freeze drying.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411019
Abstract:
The mechanistic target of rapamycin （mTOR） is an important signaling functions as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and metabolism. Dysregulated mTOR signaling has been implicated in various inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin conditions. Emerging data suggest that mTOR signaling is tightly associated with acne pathogenesis. The regulatory mechanisms of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of acne were summarized and the current progress of therapeutic targeting mTOR pathway for acne were discussed in this paper.
The mechanistic target of rapamycin （mTOR） is an important signaling functions as a central regulator of cell growth, proliferation and metabolism. Dysregulated mTOR signaling has been implicated in various inflammatory and hyperproliferative skin conditions. Emerging data suggest that mTOR signaling is tightly associated with acne pathogenesis. The regulatory mechanisms of the mTOR signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of acne were summarized and the current progress of therapeutic targeting mTOR pathway for acne were discussed in this paper.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202509026
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is a typical neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathogenic mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Currently, there are limited drugs available for the clinical treatment of AD, and many of these drugs are associated with numerous adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, featuring multi-component and multi-target properties, possesses unique advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. AD cell models enable in-depth investigations into the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms underlying drug-based prevention and treatment. Cell metabolomics studies changes in intracellular metabolites to accurately capture dynamic variations in metabolite types, contents, and metabolic pathways of cells under different physiological states; this approach holds promise for revealing the complex regulatory mechanisms of cellular metabolic networks, identifying AD-specific biomarkers, and providing support for research on the mechanisms of AD. This article reviews the drugs used for AD prevention and treatment, as well as recent progress in the application of cellular metabolomics in AD research, aiming to provide a reference for studies on AD mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and drug development.
Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is a typical neurodegenerative disorder, and its pathogenic mechanism remains to be fully elucidated. Currently, there are limited drugs available for the clinical treatment of AD, and many of these drugs are associated with numerous adverse effects. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, featuring multi-component and multi-target properties, possesses unique advantages and potential in the prevention and treatment of AD. AD cell models enable in-depth investigations into the pathogenesis of AD and the mechanisms underlying drug-based prevention and treatment. Cell metabolomics studies changes in intracellular metabolites to accurately capture dynamic variations in metabolite types, contents, and metabolic pathways of cells under different physiological states; this approach holds promise for revealing the complex regulatory mechanisms of cellular metabolic networks, identifying AD-specific biomarkers, and providing support for research on the mechanisms of AD. This article reviews the drugs used for AD prevention and treatment, as well as recent progress in the application of cellular metabolomics in AD research, aiming to provide a reference for studies on AD mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and drug development.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202512023
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the characteristics of checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis （CIP）, a severe adverse reaction associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors （ICIs）, and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication and pharmaceutical services. Methods Patients who received ICI therapy at our hospital from January 1, 2023, to June 1, 2025 and developed CIP were enrolled. Their gender, age, primary disease, time to CIP onset, management, and outcomes were analyzed. Results Among 22 CIP patients, 15 were male and 7 female, with a mean age of 64.91±11.12 years. CIP primarily occurred within 1-6 months post-treatment initiation. Common symptoms included chest tightness （54.55%）, cough with sputum production （50.00%）, and dyspnea （45.45%）. CT imaging revealed patchy or lobular areas of increased density （77.27%） and ground-glass opacities （45.45%）. Following symptomatic treatment, most patients showed improvement. One case of pneumonia resolved completely, one case had a poor prognosis, and two cases experienced recurrence after steroid dose reduction. Conclusion During ICI therapy, clinical pharmacists should collaborate with the medical and nursing team to enhance monitoring of high-risk patients, including the elderly, males, those receiving concomitant anti-angiogenic therapy, and individuals with new or worsening respiratory symptoms, to ensure medication safety.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202503042
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the pharmacokinetics of flumazenil sublingual spray in Beagle dogs. Methods Twelve Beagle dogs were grouped in a two-period, two-sequence crossover study design, receiving intravenous injection or sublingual spray administration. Blood samples （2 ml） were collected from the leg vein at 0.16, 0.33, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 6.0, and 8.0 h post-dosing. The plasma concentration of flumazenil was quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） with an internal standard method, and key pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. Results The tmax values for flumazenil injection and sublingual spray were 0.17 h and （0.28±0.10） h, respectively; Cmax values were （8.14±0.81） ng/ml and （10.41±1.72） ng/ml; and AUC0–∞ values were （6.90±0.99） ng·h/ml and （10.97±1.68） ng·h/ml. The bioavailability of the sublingual spray was 80.79±0.14%. Conclusion Flumazenil sublingual spray demonstrates rapid absorption and high bioavailability in Beagle dogs.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504024
Abstract:
By reviewing relevant literature such as ancient Chinese herbal books and processing standards throughout history, this study systematically investigates and sorts out the name, origin, processing, and pharmacological effects of Canarium album Rauesch.（qingguo）, in order to provide a literature basis to establish medicinal quality standards for Qingguo. Qingguo, as a plant fruit with a long history and medicinal and edible origins, has been recorded in ancient books and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The main chemical components of Qingguo include volatile oils, polysaccharides, phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, etc., and it has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. However, there is currently limited research on Qingguo, and the research methods are relatively basic, and focusing on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Qingguo. Therefore, further exploration of the pharmacological substance basis of Qingguo and its processed products is of great significance to clarify its mechanism of action, improve its quality standards, and conduct in-depth research on its pharmacological mechanism for the utilization of Qingguo resources.
By reviewing relevant literature such as ancient Chinese herbal books and processing standards throughout history, this study systematically investigates and sorts out the name, origin, processing, and pharmacological effects of Canarium album Rauesch.（qingguo）, in order to provide a literature basis to establish medicinal quality standards for Qingguo. Qingguo, as a plant fruit with a long history and medicinal and edible origins, has been recorded in ancient books and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The main chemical components of Qingguo include volatile oils, polysaccharides, phenols, triterpenoids, flavonoids, coumarins, etc., and it has a wide range of pharmacological effects such as anti-tumor, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant effects. However, there is currently limited research on Qingguo, and the research methods are relatively basic, and focusing on the chemical composition and pharmacological effects of Qingguo. Therefore, further exploration of the pharmacological substance basis of Qingguo and its processed products is of great significance to clarify its mechanism of action, improve its quality standards, and conduct in-depth research on its pharmacological mechanism for the utilization of Qingguo resources.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404050
Abstract:
Objective To clarify the current development status and research hotspots in the field of experimental drug management in China through data mining by bibliometric. Methods Key words such as “experiment”, “drug”, and “management” were used the search the Chinese literature in China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. The title, author name, author affiliation, Chinese abstract, Chinese keywords, publication period, journal name, and other content of the literature were extracted from the literature. Cluster analysis was performed by CNKI literature visualization analysis system, CiteSpace and other software, and a network knowledge map was drawn. Results The literature in the field of experimental drug management in China was first published in 1994, and a total of 140 articles were published until 2022. Among them, 20 articles were supported by relevant funds, and the keyword co-occurrence frequency was highest among “subjects”. The most frequently published medium was the Chinese Pharmacological Yearbook. Conclusion At present, the quantity and quality of literature in the field of experimental drug management in China are relatively small, and the cooperation and communication among authors are not close. The funding from various fund projects in this field is also lacking. These factors lead to a lower overall development level and slower development speed in this field.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202408046
Abstract:
Objective To compare the cost-effectiveness between valproate and levetiracetam in the treatment of childhood epilepsy and provide an economic basis for clinical medication choices. Methods A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a decision tree model to compare the effectiveness and drug costs of valproate and levetiracetam in treating childhood epilepsy. Single-factor sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were used to assess the impact of parameter variations on the study results. Results The treatment cost of levetiracetam was significantly higher than that of sodium valproate. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio （ICER） of levetiracetam compared to sodium valproate was ¥8 628.43. Sensitivity analysis results were consistent with the base-case analysis. The probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that, over a 6-month treatment period, levetiracetam became a more cost-effective option when the willingness-to-pay （WTP） threshold was ¥9,000 or higher. One-way sensitivity analysis revealed that the price of levetiracetam was the most influential factor affecting the ICER. Conclusion When the WTP per effective pediatric epilepsy case is ¥9,000 or higher, levetiracetam demonstrates a cost-effectiveness advantage.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202411043
Abstract:
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological pathway for the development and progression of ferroptosis. Under pathological conditions, the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species（ROS）exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis in the state of oxidative stress. Cellular lipid peroxidation can generate toxic aldehydes, which interact with important biological macromolecules and break the normal function of cells. At present, it has been found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2）can eliminate these aldehydes and regulate the cycle of toxic aldehydes-ROS-oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the prognosis of diseases associated with iron death. Ferroptosis and ALDH2 were introduced, and the current researches on ALDH2 were summarized to improve diseases associated with iron death, which can open up new directions for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases associated with iron death.
Oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological pathway for the development and progression of ferroptosis. Under pathological conditions, the production of a large amount of reactive oxygen species（ROS）exceeds the buffering capacity of the antioxidant defense system, resulting in lipid peroxidation and cell ferroptosis in the state of oxidative stress. Cellular lipid peroxidation can generate toxic aldehydes, which interact with important biological macromolecules and break the normal function of cells. At present, it has been found that aldehyde dehydrogenase 2（ALDH2）can eliminate these aldehydes and regulate the cycle of toxic aldehydes-ROS-oxidative stress-lipid peroxidation, thereby improving the prognosis of diseases associated with iron death. Ferroptosis and ALDH2 were introduced, and the current researches on ALDH2 were summarized to improve diseases associated with iron death, which can open up new directions for the subsequent research on the treatment of diseases associated with iron death.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.20240380
Abstract:
This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
This study aimed to clarify the causal relationship between meaning in life and depression symptoms, explore the evolutionary patterns of meaning in life, and assess its impact on the incidence of depressive symptoms. A two-wave longitudinal study with a 12-month interval was conducted among 896 university students recruited from one university. The meaning in life questionnaire and the depression symptom screening questionnaire were administered. The findings showed that: 1）Meaning in life at T1 negatively predicted depression symptoms at T2. Conversely, depression symptoms at T1 did not significantly predict meaning in life at T2. 2）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life from T1 to T2 could be categorized into four groups: sustained low meaning, meaning improvement, meaning reduction, and sustained high meaning. The incidence of depressive symptoms in these four groups was 13.00%, 5.00%, 12.00%, and 4.00%, respectively. 3）The evolutionary patterns of meaning in life significantly impacted the incidence of depressive symptoms. Compared to the sustained high meaning group, both the sustained low meaning group and the meaning reduction group exhibited significantly higher rates of depression symptoms. The results suggest that psychological health education in universities should focus on individuals with sustained low meaning or meaning reduction, and that enhancing meaning in life serves as an effective intervention approach to reducing the incidence of depression symptoms among university students.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404081
Abstract:
OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of adverse reactions induced by bezafibrate, study the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis, and provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS The case reports of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were collected from domestic and foreign databases （from 2000 to November 30, 2022）, and the relevant basic data were extracted for statistical analysis. The rationality and adverse reaction relevance of bezafibrate use which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 26 cases of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were reported, including 28 patients. There were 10 males and 18 females, with an average age of （64.57±11.20） years and a median age of 65 years. The occurrence time of adverse reaction was （7.57±4.98） days, and the median was 6 days. All patients had other diseases except hyperlipemia. The creatinine clearance rate （CCR） of patients was generally less than 80ml/min. There were 16 patients were given over-dosed bezafibrate. CONCLUSION The drug instruction of bezafibrate should be regulated and managed by National Regulatory Authority. In clinical application, attention should be paid to the rationality of medication use, ADR monitoring and patient education.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes of adverse reactions induced by bezafibrate, study the clinical characteristics of rhabdomyolysis, and provide reference for clinical rational use. METHODS The case reports of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were collected from domestic and foreign databases （from 2000 to November 30, 2022）, and the relevant basic data were extracted for statistical analysis. The rationality and adverse reaction relevance of bezafibrate use which met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 26 cases of bezafibrate induced rhabdomyolysis were reported, including 28 patients. There were 10 males and 18 females, with an average age of （64.57±11.20） years and a median age of 65 years. The occurrence time of adverse reaction was （7.57±4.98） days, and the median was 6 days. All patients had other diseases except hyperlipemia. The creatinine clearance rate （CCR） of patients was generally less than 80ml/min. There were 16 patients were given over-dosed bezafibrate. CONCLUSION The drug instruction of bezafibrate should be regulated and managed by National Regulatory Authority. In clinical application, attention should be paid to the rationality of medication use, ADR monitoring and patient education.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
Abstract:
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202112011
Abstract:
Objective To determine the content of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum and test the pharmacodynamic effect of them on rats with experimental myocardial ischemia induced by injection of pituitrin. Methods The content of five alkaloids was determined simultaneously by HPLC. The experimental myocardial ischemia in rats was induced by injection of pituitrin, and the absolute value of T wave change and change of heart rate before and after model establishment were chosen to be the observation index. The effects of large, medium and small dose groups were evaluated. Results Three batches of samples were analyzed, with the contents of piperine for 56.1%, 49.7%, 51.6%; N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)octadecatrienamide for 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.3%; guineensine for 0.46%, 0.38%, 0.40%; piplartine for 1.73%, 1.67%, 1.70% and piperamide for 0.55%, 0.46%, 0.49%, respectively. All dose groups from extracts of piper longum had significantly reduced the absolute value of T wave and almost have no effect on the change of heart rate, except the high dose group showed the effect of reducing heart rate at some time . Conclusion The HPLC method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum. It was shown that extracts of piper longum had good bioactivity in anti-myocardial ischemia.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202412058
Abstract:
Perilla is an annual herbaceous plant with edible and medicinal value belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of cultivation and use. The volatile oil is one of its main active components in perilla leaves, and Perilla aldehyde is its characteristic component. The methods for determining the content of volatile oil are diverse and affected by genetic differences, growth period, and extraction methods. It is mainly synthesized and regulated through the mevalonic acid pathway and shikimic acid pathway, and has biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-depressant. The characteristics of perilla volatile oil make it have broad application prospects in food preservation, fragrance industry, and medicine. With further research on the components and biosynthesis pathways of perilla volatile oil, it is important to improve the quality of perilla and further clarify the active substance basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil, and its medicinal and edible value will be further explored and utilized.
Perilla is an annual herbaceous plant with edible and medicinal value belonging to the Lamiaceae family. It has a long history of cultivation and use. The volatile oil is one of its main active components in perilla leaves, and Perilla aldehyde is its characteristic component. The methods for determining the content of volatile oil are diverse and affected by genetic differences, growth period, and extraction methods. It is mainly synthesized and regulated through the mevalonic acid pathway and shikimic acid pathway, and has biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-depressant. The characteristics of perilla volatile oil make it have broad application prospects in food preservation, fragrance industry, and medicine. With further research on the components and biosynthesis pathways of perilla volatile oil, it is important to improve the quality of perilla and further clarify the active substance basis and mechanism of action of volatile oil, and its medicinal and edible value will be further explored and utilized.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202508024
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the efficacy of aerobic exercise combined with sertraline in the treatment of post-stroke depression （PSD） in elderly patients and its effects on cognitive function and inflammatory cytokines. Methods 70 elderly PSD patients admitted to the Xuzhou Municipal Hospital affiliated with Xuzhou Medical University from June 2022 to December 2024 were selected as study objects. Patients were randomly divided into control group treated with sertraline and study group treated with aerobic exercise combined with sertraline. The treatment duration was 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale （HAMD） scores, the clinical efficacy, cognitive function [Mini Mental State Examination （MMSE）], and the levels of inflammatory cytokines （IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α） were compared before and after treatment. Results No significant differences in baseline data were observed between the two groups before treatment. After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, HAMD scores were significantly decreased compared to baseline in both groups （all P<0.05）. The study group showed significantly lower HAMD scores than the control group at both 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The overall clinical effective rate was significantly higher in the study group （94.29%） than in the control group （77.14%）（P<0.05）. MMSE scores were significantly increased compared to baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks（all P<0.05）, and the study group demonstrated significantly higher MMSE scores than the control group at both time points （all P<0.05）. Similarly, serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly reduced from baseline in both groups at 4 and 8 weeks （all P<0.05）. The reductions in these inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly greater in the study group compared to the control group （all P<0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.57% in the control group and 5.71% in the study group, with no statistically significant difference （P>0.05）. Conclusion The combination of aerobic exercise and sertraline is a safe and reliable therapeutic strategy for elderly PSD patients, alleviating depressive symptoms, improving cognitive function, and reducing systemic inflammation.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202504044
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of EGFR-TKIs monotherapy and its combination therapy in the first-line treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC）patients with EGFR mutations. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were systematically searched to collect eligible phase II/III randomized controlled trials （RCTs）, with the time range from the establishment of the databases to June 2023. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias in the studies. Outcome data, including overall survival （OS）, progression-free survival （PFS）, objective response rate （ORR）, grade 3 or higher adverse events （≥3 AEs）, and serious adverse events （SAEs）, were collected. A network meta-analysis was performed using R software （version 4.2.1） under the Bayesian theoretical framework. Subgroup analyses of survival outcomes （OS, PFS） were conducted based on different clinical and pathophysiological characteristics of the patients. Results A total of t wenty-eight phase II/III RCTs were included in the study, involving a total of 7 460 patients and 18 first-line treatment regimens. The results showed that in terms of efficacy, gefitinib + pemetrexed-containing chemotherapy performed best in OS and ORR, while osimertinib + bevacizumab performed best in PFS. In terms of safety, furmonertinib had the lowest incidence of ≥3 grade AEs, and osimertinib had the lowest incidence of SAEs. Subgroup analysis results indicated that the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens differed among patients with different clinical and pathological characteristics. Conclusion Monotherapy with third-generation EGFR-TKIs, represented by osimertinib, serves as the preferred therapeutic option considering both efficacy and safety profiles. While some combination therapies can enhance survival benefits, but need to be vigilant about increased toxicity. Clinical decision-making should be tailored based on patient' mutation subtypes, comorbidities, and tolerance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202406029
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effects of ethanol extracts derived from three sources of traditional Chinese medicine: Stellera chamaejasme L., Euphorbia fischeriana Steud., and Euphorbia kansuensis Prokh., on imiquimod （IMQ）-induced psoriasis in mice. Methods Thirty-six male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the following 6 groups with 6 mice in each group: blank control, model, Stellera chamaejasme, Euphorbia fischeriana, Euphorbia kansuensis, and calcipotriol. PASI （Psoriasis Area and Severity Index） scores were used to record the changes of skin lesions in each group; HE （hematoxylin-eosin） staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of skin and measure the thickness of the epidermis. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of nuclear antigen Ki67 in the skin tissues of mice. Results Compared with the model group, the three kinds of ethanol extracts can reduce the PASI score, inhibit epidermal thickening, and decrease expression of Ki67 in the psoriasis mice. Among them, the therapeutic effect of Stellera chamaejasme was the most significant and it was better than the commonly used topical drug calcipotriol. Conclusion The ethanol extract of Stellera chamaejasme has good anti-psoriatic activity, can inhibit the abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes, can reduce the expression of Ki67, and can significantly improve psoriasis-like skin lesions.
Contribution System
Author Login
Review Login
Editor Login
Reader Login
News