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巴戟天属(Morinda)系茜草科(Rubiaceae)植物,据中国植物志记载,在全世界约有102种,分布于热带、亚热带和温带地区,其中我国主要分布在广东、广西、福建和海南等地[1]。该属植物中研究较多的有巴戟天M. officinalis How.、海巴戟(诺丽)M. citrifolia L.、M. lucida B.、假巴戟M. shuhuaensis C.Y.Chen et M.S.Huang、羊角藤M. umbellata L.、M. corera、M. morindoides等。而巴戟天属植物国内外品种差异较大,入药部位也有差异,如根、叶、果实等均可,多用于传统民间用药,主要具有补肝肾、强筋骨、祛风湿的作用。
巴戟天属植物中主要由多糖、蒽醌、环烯醚萜类、寡糖等成分,具有广泛的药理活性,如环烯醚萜类化合物,巴戟天中水晶兰苷具有确切的抗炎镇痛的作用,近年来对其抗骨质疏松的研究也日渐成熟,这与其祛风湿、强筋骨作用具有密切关系[2-3]。本文总结了国内外近几十年来对巴戟天属环烯醚萜类化学成分及其生物活性方面的研究,对环烯醚萜类成分的研究概况进行综述。
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环烯醚萜类化合物在巴戟天属植物中的数量较多,分布较广,是巴戟天属植物中主要活性成分之一。环烯醚萜类成分主要从巴戟天M. officinalis How.、海巴戟(诺丽)M. citrifolia L.、M. lucida B.、假巴戟M. shuhuaensis C.Y.Chen et M.S.Huang、羊角藤M. umbellata L.、M. corera、M. morindoides等植物的根、枝、叶和果实中分离得到的环烯醚萜类化合物。迄今为止,从该属植物中分离得到了50余种环烯醚萜类成分,其来源、结构见表1。
表 1 巴戟天属植物中的环烯醚萜类化合物
序号. 化合物名称 分子式 巴戟天属 植物部位 参考文献 1 香茅苷(citrifolinoside) C27H30O17 M. citrifolia 叶 [4] 2 骨化三醇A-1(citrifolinin A-1) C34H42O23 M. citrifolia 叶 [4] 3 oruwacin C21H18O8 M. lucida 叶 [5] 4 phumericin C15H14O6 M. lucida 叶 [5] 5 车叶草苷(asperuloside) C18H22O11 M. citrifolia 果实、叶和根 [6-9] M. officinalis 叶 [10] M. corera 叶 [10] 6 水晶兰苷(monotropein) C16H22O11 M. officinalis 根 [8] 7 车叶草苷四乙酸脂(asperuloside tetraacetate) C26H30O15 M. officinalis 根 [8] 8 车叶草苷酸(asperulosidic acid) C18H24O12 M. officinalis 根 [9] M. citrifolia 叶、果实 [7, 10] M. corera 果实 [11] 9 去乙酰基车叶草苷(deacetyl asperuloside) C16H20O11 M. corera 叶 [9] 10 去乙酰基车叶草苷酸(deacetyl asperulosidic acid) C16H22O11 M. officinalis 根 [9] 11 morofficinaloside C17H26O11 M. officinalis 根 [9] 12 morindolide C9H12O3 M. officinalis 根 [9] 13 6-O-acetylscandoside C18H24O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 14 10-O-乙酰基水晶兰苷(10-O-acetylmonotropein) C18H24O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 15 yopaaosides A C27H28O15 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 16 yopaaosides B C26H28O14 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 17 yopaaosides C C17H26O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 18 香茅苷A(citrifolinoside A) C26H28O14 M. citrifolia 叶 [11] 19 6α-hydroxyadoxoside C17H26O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [12] 20 6β,7β-epoxy-8-epi-splendoside C17H24O12 M. citrifolia 果实 [12] 21 morindacin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [13] 22 epoxygaertneroside C26H28O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 23 epoxymethoxygaertneroside C27H30O15 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 24 gaertneroside C26H28O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 25 dehydrogaertneroside C26H26O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 26 6-acetylgaertneroside C28H30O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 27 dehydromethoxygaertneroside C27H28O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 28 gaertneric acid C25H26O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 29 dehydroepoxymethoxy-gaertneroside C27H28O15 M. citrifolia - [15] 30 citrifoside C16H22O10 M. citrifolia 叶 [16] 31 鸡矢藤苷甲酯(scandoside methyl ester) C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [17] 32 9-epi-6α-methoxy geniposidic acid C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [17] 33 tinctoroid C19H26O10 M. tinctoria 根 [18] 34 morintoside A C20H26O13 M. tomentosa 叶 [19] 35 morintoside B C26H26O14 M. tomentosa 叶 [19] 36 umbellatolides A C9H12O4 M. umbellata 地上部分 [20] 37 umbellatolides B C9H12O4 M. umbellata 地上部分 [20] 38 longifolides A C9H12O4 M. longifolia 叶和枝 [21] 39 longifolides B C9H12O4 M. longifolia 叶和枝 [21] 40 molucidin C21H18O8 M. lucida. 叶 [22] 41 ML-2-3 C20H16O8 M. lucida. 叶 [23] 42 ML-F52 C22H20O8 M. lucida. 叶 [23] 43 morinlongoside C C21H30O15 M. longissima 根 [24] 44 10-dimethoxyfermiloside C19H28O12 M. citrifolia 果实 [25] 45 4-epi-dunnisinin C11H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [26] 46 骨化三醇Ba(citrifolinin Ba) C17H22O12 M. citrifolia 叶 [27] 47 骨化三醇Bb(citrifolinin Bb) C17H22O12 M. citrifolia 叶 [27] 48 morinipticoside C26H26O14 M. elliptica 叶和枝 [28] 49 车叶草苷酸甲酯(asperulosidic acid methyl ester) C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实和叶 [29] 50 马钱苷酸(loganic acid) C16H24O10 M. citrifolia 籽 [30] 51 rhodolatouside C20H30O11 M. citrifolia 籽 [30] 52 6-acetylmethoxygaertneroside C29H32O15 M. morindoides 叶 [31] 53 骨化三醇A(citrifolinin A) C27H28O14 M. citrifolia 叶 [32] 54 borreriagenin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [15] 55 4-epi-borreriagenin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [33]
Research on chemical components and biological activities of the iridoids in Morinda genus
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摘要: 茜草科巴戟天属植物在国内外医药中有广泛的应用,主要的药用部位包括根、茎、叶、枝和种子等。通过在线数据库的搜索,本文对巴戟天属环烯醚萜类化学成分及生物活性进行研究总结。迄今为止,已鉴定巴戟天属环烯醚萜类化合物50余种,多具有抗炎镇痛、抗氧化、抗肿瘤、骨保护作用等多种生物活性,以期为巴戟天属环烯醚萜类成分的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。Abstract: Morinda genus of Rubiaceae has been widely used in medicine at home and abroad. Many parts of Morinda tree are utilized in research, mainly including roots, stems, leaves, branches and seeds. Through the research of online databases, the chemical components and biological activities of the iridoids in Morinda genus were summarized in this paper. Up to now, more than 50 kinds of iridoids have been identified. In addition, more and more studies proved that Morinda iridoids might benefit human via such anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and bone protection. The theoretical basis was provided for the further development and utilization of the iridoids in Morinda genus.
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Key words:
- Rubiaceae /
- Morinda genus /
- iridoid /
- chemical component /
- biological activity
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表 1 巴戟天属植物中的环烯醚萜类化合物
序号. 化合物名称 分子式 巴戟天属 植物部位 参考文献 1 香茅苷(citrifolinoside) C27H30O17 M. citrifolia 叶 [4] 2 骨化三醇A-1(citrifolinin A-1) C34H42O23 M. citrifolia 叶 [4] 3 oruwacin C21H18O8 M. lucida 叶 [5] 4 phumericin C15H14O6 M. lucida 叶 [5] 5 车叶草苷(asperuloside) C18H22O11 M. citrifolia 果实、叶和根 [6-9] M. officinalis 叶 [10] M. corera 叶 [10] 6 水晶兰苷(monotropein) C16H22O11 M. officinalis 根 [8] 7 车叶草苷四乙酸脂(asperuloside tetraacetate) C26H30O15 M. officinalis 根 [8] 8 车叶草苷酸(asperulosidic acid) C18H24O12 M. officinalis 根 [9] M. citrifolia 叶、果实 [7, 10] M. corera 果实 [11] 9 去乙酰基车叶草苷(deacetyl asperuloside) C16H20O11 M. corera 叶 [9] 10 去乙酰基车叶草苷酸(deacetyl asperulosidic acid) C16H22O11 M. officinalis 根 [9] 11 morofficinaloside C17H26O11 M. officinalis 根 [9] 12 morindolide C9H12O3 M. officinalis 根 [9] 13 6-O-acetylscandoside C18H24O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 14 10-O-乙酰基水晶兰苷(10-O-acetylmonotropein) C18H24O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 15 yopaaosides A C27H28O15 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 16 yopaaosides B C26H28O14 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 17 yopaaosides C C17H26O12 M. corera 叶和枝 [10] 18 香茅苷A(citrifolinoside A) C26H28O14 M. citrifolia 叶 [11] 19 6α-hydroxyadoxoside C17H26O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [12] 20 6β,7β-epoxy-8-epi-splendoside C17H24O12 M. citrifolia 果实 [12] 21 morindacin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [13] 22 epoxygaertneroside C26H28O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 23 epoxymethoxygaertneroside C27H30O15 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 24 gaertneroside C26H28O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 25 dehydrogaertneroside C26H26O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 26 6-acetylgaertneroside C28H30O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 27 dehydromethoxygaertneroside C27H28O14 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 28 gaertneric acid C25H26O13 M. morindoides 叶 [14] 29 dehydroepoxymethoxy-gaertneroside C27H28O15 M. citrifolia - [15] 30 citrifoside C16H22O10 M. citrifolia 叶 [16] 31 鸡矢藤苷甲酯(scandoside methyl ester) C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [17] 32 9-epi-6α-methoxy geniposidic acid C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实 [17] 33 tinctoroid C19H26O10 M. tinctoria 根 [18] 34 morintoside A C20H26O13 M. tomentosa 叶 [19] 35 morintoside B C26H26O14 M. tomentosa 叶 [19] 36 umbellatolides A C9H12O4 M. umbellata 地上部分 [20] 37 umbellatolides B C9H12O4 M. umbellata 地上部分 [20] 38 longifolides A C9H12O4 M. longifolia 叶和枝 [21] 39 longifolides B C9H12O4 M. longifolia 叶和枝 [21] 40 molucidin C21H18O8 M. lucida. 叶 [22] 41 ML-2-3 C20H16O8 M. lucida. 叶 [23] 42 ML-F52 C22H20O8 M. lucida. 叶 [23] 43 morinlongoside C C21H30O15 M. longissima 根 [24] 44 10-dimethoxyfermiloside C19H28O12 M. citrifolia 果实 [25] 45 4-epi-dunnisinin C11H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [26] 46 骨化三醇Ba(citrifolinin Ba) C17H22O12 M. citrifolia 叶 [27] 47 骨化三醇Bb(citrifolinin Bb) C17H22O12 M. citrifolia 叶 [27] 48 morinipticoside C26H26O14 M. elliptica 叶和枝 [28] 49 车叶草苷酸甲酯(asperulosidic acid methyl ester) C17H24O11 M. citrifolia 果实和叶 [29] 50 马钱苷酸(loganic acid) C16H24O10 M. citrifolia 籽 [30] 51 rhodolatouside C20H30O11 M. citrifolia 籽 [30] 52 6-acetylmethoxygaertneroside C29H32O15 M. morindoides 叶 [31] 53 骨化三醇A(citrifolinin A) C27H28O14 M. citrifolia 叶 [32] 54 borreriagenin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [15] 55 4-epi-borreriagenin C10H14O5 M. citrifolia 果实 [33] -
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