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活血化瘀法是指使用具有活血祛瘀作用的方药,消散瘀滞,促进瘀血吸收的治法。活血化瘀类药物在我国的应用已有千年历史,比如最具代表性的药物之一的丹参,在《神农本草经》中便有记载:“味苦,微寒。治心腹邪气,肠鸣幽幽如走水,寒热积聚,破癥除瘕,止烦满,益气。”
血管性痴呆是脑血管病变后所引起的认知功能障碍,发病机制源于血管系统损害引起低脑血流灌注、氧化应激等一系列病理过程[1]。中医认为,该病的发生与肝郁以及瘀血密切相关,肝气郁结造成气机逆乱,肝不藏血,脑髓失养,从而发病为痴呆,所以肝气郁结,瘀血阻窍,致使脑失所养,灵机皆失为血管性痴呆的核心病机[2]。笔者对相关的文献进行综合分析,对活血化瘀法及具有活血化瘀功效的药物治疗血管性痴呆的研究进展进行归纳总结。
Research progress on the treatment of vascular dementia by promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis
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摘要: 活血化瘀法,是指使用具有消散作用能祛除体内瘀血的中药治疗瘀血病证的方法;具有畅通血脉、消散瘀滞、调经止痛的作用;广泛应用于瘀血导致的胸痹心痛、痴呆、月经不调等病症;常用药物有丹参、三七、川芎、郁金等。活血化瘀类药物普遍具有改善微循环、舒张血管、抑制血栓素形成、抑制血小板聚集等作用,在治疗冠心病、心绞痛、血管性痴呆等疾病的血瘀证具有较好的疗效。本文通过对活血化瘀类药物治疗血管性痴呆的中医和现代医学研究进展进行综述,以期为临床上应用活血化瘀法治疗血管性痴呆提供参考。Abstract: The method of promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis refers to the use of traditional Chinese medicine with a dispersing effect that can eliminate blood stasis in the body to treat the syndrome of blood stasis; It has the effects of unblocking blood vessels, dissipating stasis, regulating menstruation and relieving pain; Widely used for conditions such as chest tightness, heartache, dementia, menstrual disorders caused by blood stasis. Common medicines include Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge; Panax notoginseng (Burkill); Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort; Radix Curcumae, etc. Blood activating and stasis removing drugs generally have the effects of improving microcirculation, relaxing blood vessels, inhibiting thromboxane formation, and inhibiting platelet aggregation. They have good therapeutic effects on blood stasis syndrome in diseases such as coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and vascular dementia. The research progress on traditional Chinese medicine and modern medicine on the treatment of vascular dementia with blood activating and stasis removing drugs were reviewed, in order to provide reference for the clinical application of blood activating and stasis removing methods in the treatment of vascular dementia.
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