Keywords: 
• malignant obstructive jaundice /
• PTCD /
• biliary tract infection /
• etiological survey

Abstract: Objective To find out the main pathogenic bacteria distribution and sensitivity to antibiotics in patients post PTCD for malignant biliary obstruction, to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and provide evidences for rational use of antibiotics. Methods The clinical data were collected and analyzed retrospectively from 423 PTCD cases with malignant biliary obstruction from September 2013 to October 2014. Results Among 423 patients underwent PTCD, 101 patients were confirmed with infections. 67 patients showed positive pathogenic bacteria culture. A total of 94 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected. There were 62 strains of gram negative bacteria (65.96%) and 32 strains of gram positive bacteria (34.04%). The main pathogenic bacteria were klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis and Enterobacter cloacae. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the two gram negative bacteria most resistant to antibiotics. The three popular gram negative bacilli in this study had the lowest resistance to imipenem/cilastatin, piperacillin/tazobactam and amikacin. The three main gram positive bacteria were most sensitive to daptomycin, linezolid and vancomycin. The total effective rate of antibiotic treatments for post PTCD infections was 88.1%. Conclusion Our hospital had an appropriate treatment plan with antibiotics to control the infections post percutaneous transhepatic cholangio-drainage for malignant biliary obstruction. According to the results of drug sensitivity test, ceftriaxone had high resistance rate. The outcome with ceftriaxone treatment was unsatisfactory. Clinical pharmacists should advise doctors to reduce the usage of ceftriaxone. Glycopeptide antibiotics can be used to control methicillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) gram positive bacteria.