2008 Vol. 26, No. 2
Display Method:
2008, (2): 106-109.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the kinetic parameters of degradation of aspirin by the nor-isothermal method(and Compare with isothermal method),To researched the accuracy and credibility of the method. Methods: Aspirin was used as a model drug.Under certainly experiment conditions,the stability of aspirin was studied by the nor-isothermal method which was defined as a linear relationship between time and temperature.The value of activation energy(Ea) and frequency factors(A) were calculated by applying the nonlinear least-square method. Results: The degradation of aspirin was attributed to pseudo first order reaction.The Ea values calculated by the nor-isothermal method were 16.13(pH 2)、18.19(pH 4) and 23.87(pH 6) kJ/mol(the mean values of Ea at 5 ℃/h and 10 ℃/h) respectively.The corresponding isothermal method values were 16.12(pH 2),18.01(pH 4) and 23.93(pH 6) kJ/mol respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that the kinetic parameter determined by the nor-isothermal method was in good accord with that of isothermal method.These results indicated that the nor-isothermal method described in this study could be adequately used for the stability study and was a rapid and accurate method for the determination of kinetic parameters.
Objective: To study the kinetic parameters of degradation of aspirin by the nor-isothermal method(and Compare with isothermal method),To researched the accuracy and credibility of the method. Methods: Aspirin was used as a model drug.Under certainly experiment conditions,the stability of aspirin was studied by the nor-isothermal method which was defined as a linear relationship between time and temperature.The value of activation energy(Ea) and frequency factors(A) were calculated by applying the nonlinear least-square method. Results: The degradation of aspirin was attributed to pseudo first order reaction.The Ea values calculated by the nor-isothermal method were 16.13(pH 2)、18.19(pH 4) and 23.87(pH 6) kJ/mol(the mean values of Ea at 5 ℃/h and 10 ℃/h) respectively.The corresponding isothermal method values were 16.12(pH 2),18.01(pH 4) and 23.93(pH 6) kJ/mol respectively. Conclusion: The results indicated that the kinetic parameter determined by the nor-isothermal method was in good accord with that of isothermal method.These results indicated that the nor-isothermal method described in this study could be adequately used for the stability study and was a rapid and accurate method for the determination of kinetic parameters.
2008, (2): 110-114.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of injecting compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate or single low molecular weight heparin into intra-articular for treating osteoarthritis of rabbits. Methods: Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into normal saline group,compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate group and low molecular weight heparin group after the model of osteoarthritis was established by injecting 0.3 ml of 0.4 % papain into knee joint cavities of the rabbits.These three groups respectively received intra-articular injection of normal saline,compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate and low molecular weight heparin weekly for 5 weeks after 7 days from the injection of papain. Results: The curative effects of compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate and low molecular weight heparin obviously were better than that of normal saline group.As to the two groups including low molecular weight heparin,the degeneration of cartilage was lighter in the pathological sections.Intra-articular the two injections including low molecular weight heparin could obviously promote cellular proliferation of synovial membrane and cartilage.Meanwhile,it could revealed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α and a regulation in interleukin-6 expression. Conclusion: Low molecular weight heparin posseses significant anti-inflammatory properties.There is a potential capacity to develop safe,convenient and efficient methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of injecting compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate or single low molecular weight heparin into intra-articular for treating osteoarthritis of rabbits. Methods: Twelve rabbits were randomly divided into normal saline group,compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate group and low molecular weight heparin group after the model of osteoarthritis was established by injecting 0.3 ml of 0.4 % papain into knee joint cavities of the rabbits.These three groups respectively received intra-articular injection of normal saline,compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate and low molecular weight heparin weekly for 5 weeks after 7 days from the injection of papain. Results: The curative effects of compound low molecular weight heparin /sodium hyaluronate and low molecular weight heparin obviously were better than that of normal saline group.As to the two groups including low molecular weight heparin,the degeneration of cartilage was lighter in the pathological sections.Intra-articular the two injections including low molecular weight heparin could obviously promote cellular proliferation of synovial membrane and cartilage.Meanwhile,it could revealed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor-α and a regulation in interleukin-6 expression. Conclusion: Low molecular weight heparin posseses significant anti-inflammatory properties.There is a potential capacity to develop safe,convenient and efficient methods for the treatment of osteoarthritis.
2008, (2): 115-116,119.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the extraction process and content determination of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii. Methods: The optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii were screened with orthogonal test and the content of total flavonoid with standard hesperidin was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Results: The best extraction conditions were as follow:adding 15 times amount of Ca(OH)2,pH 3.0 and at 70 ℃ for 3 times in all,2 hours each time.The linear range of naringin was 2.592～41.472μg/mL r=0.999 9. Conclusion: The methods are simple,fast and can be used to control the quality of Fructus Aurantii.
Objective: To study the extraction process and content determination of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii. Methods: The optimum extraction conditions of total flavonoids from Fructus Aurantii were screened with orthogonal test and the content of total flavonoid with standard hesperidin was determined by UV spectrophotometry. Results: The best extraction conditions were as follow:adding 15 times amount of Ca(OH)2,pH 3.0 and at 70 ℃ for 3 times in all,2 hours each time.The linear range of naringin was 2.592～41.472μg/mL r=0.999 9. Conclusion: The methods are simple,fast and can be used to control the quality of Fructus Aurantii.
2008, (2): 117-119.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic effects and its mechanism of KTTⅡ on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetic model mice is established by injecting 150 mg/kg of STZ.These mice were divided into five groups randomly: model group,glibenclamide group(50 mg/kg·d,ig),high dose group of KTTⅡ(25 g/kg·d,ig),middle dose group of KTT(12.5 g/kg·d,ig) and low dose group of KTTⅡ(6.25 g/kg·d,ig),while the control and model group were administrated with the same volume of physiological saline for 15 days.During the experiment,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),albumen(Alb) were measured at different time. Results: KTT Ⅱcould reduce the blood glucose concentration significantly in STZ-induced diabetic mice which was positively correlated with dosage-effect and time-effect.KTTⅡ could raise insulin level,and decrease Cr and UA levels in serum(P<0.01),increase Alb level in serum(P<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that KTTⅡ could decrease blood glucose,improve insulin level in STZ-induced diabetic mice,indicating that KTTⅡ may have a potential value for the treatment of DM and DM complications.The mechanism of reducing blood glucose is probably associated with promoting insulin secretion.
Objective: To investigate the hypoglycemic effects and its mechanism of KTTⅡ on streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Methods: Diabetic model mice is established by injecting 150 mg/kg of STZ.These mice were divided into five groups randomly: model group,glibenclamide group(50 mg/kg·d,ig),high dose group of KTTⅡ(25 g/kg·d,ig),middle dose group of KTT(12.5 g/kg·d,ig) and low dose group of KTTⅡ(6.25 g/kg·d,ig),while the control and model group were administrated with the same volume of physiological saline for 15 days.During the experiment,the fasting blood glucose(FBG),insulin,creatinine(Cr),uric acid(UA),albumen(Alb) were measured at different time. Results: KTT Ⅱcould reduce the blood glucose concentration significantly in STZ-induced diabetic mice which was positively correlated with dosage-effect and time-effect.KTTⅡ could raise insulin level,and decrease Cr and UA levels in serum(P<0.01),increase Alb level in serum(P<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggested that KTTⅡ could decrease blood glucose,improve insulin level in STZ-induced diabetic mice,indicating that KTTⅡ may have a potential value for the treatment of DM and DM complications.The mechanism of reducing blood glucose is probably associated with promoting insulin secretion.
2008, (2): 120-122.
Abstract:
Objective: To find a reasonable counting method to ensure the reserved amount of nucleus radiant prevention drug. Methods: Information entropy and Poisson distribution were used.Result and Conclusion: When 0.3、0.5、0.75、1 was chosen as Ko,while 5、10、20、30、50 as Ku,the range of radices of repertory amount of nucleus radiant prevention drugs was between 23 and 31,among which 23 was the smallest and 31 the biggest.Because of the uncertainty of number and the degree of injured,this result should take a further research.
Objective: To find a reasonable counting method to ensure the reserved amount of nucleus radiant prevention drug. Methods: Information entropy and Poisson distribution were used.Result and Conclusion: When 0.3、0.5、0.75、1 was chosen as Ko,while 5、10、20、30、50 as Ku,the range of radices of repertory amount of nucleus radiant prevention drugs was between 23 and 31,among which 23 was the smallest and 31 the biggest.Because of the uncertainty of number and the degree of injured,this result should take a further research.
2008, (2): 123-125.
Abstract:
Objective: To research the selection of fluid in the resuscitation of haemorrhagic shock. Methods: Experts from troops hospital under army division and third level grade A hospitals were consulted by two kinds of questionnaires.The data was handled with the general statistic method;two groups of separated data were taken a cross-check analysis to reach the effective reference value.Result :According to the indication and therapeutic effect of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock and the suggestion of those medical experts,species of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock were selected;the suggested amount of drugs for one person of one time was given. Conclusion: Finding out those species of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock has a significant value for emergency aid and treatment of the injury both in a battle and in the normal day life.
Objective: To research the selection of fluid in the resuscitation of haemorrhagic shock. Methods: Experts from troops hospital under army division and third level grade A hospitals were consulted by two kinds of questionnaires.The data was handled with the general statistic method;two groups of separated data were taken a cross-check analysis to reach the effective reference value.Result :According to the indication and therapeutic effect of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock and the suggestion of those medical experts,species of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock were selected;the suggested amount of drugs for one person of one time was given. Conclusion: Finding out those species of transfusion drugs for hemorrhagic shock has a significant value for emergency aid and treatment of the injury both in a battle and in the normal day life.
2008, (2): 129-133.
Abstract:
Objective: To study the inclusion effects of β-CD and HP-β-CD on docetaxel. Methods: The inclusion compound was prepared by the free-drying method and trituration.The measurements of the inclusion molar ratio of the host to guest molecules,apparent complexation constant,the thermodynamic parameters and the identication of the inclusion complex were carried out by the methods such as continuous variation method,UV absorption spectroscopy,phase solubility diagram,differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and infrared spectra(IR) methods,respectively. Results: The continuous variation method suggested the formation of aqueous soluble complexes with 1-1 molar ratio.AN-type phase solubility curves were obtained.The apparent complexation constant K decreased when the temperature increased.All thermodynamic parameters of ΔG,ΔH and ΔS in the complexations gave negative values.The solubility of docetaxel complexed with β-CD was higher than that of docetaxel complexed with HP-β-CD,also the apparent complexation constant of docetaxel-β-CD was higher than that of docetaxel-HP-β-CD. Conclusion: The inclusion complex of DTX-Cyclodextrin could be formed spontaneously,and lower temperature is a benefit to the formation and the stability of the inclusion complex.The solubility and the stability constant of docetaxel complexed with β-CD is higher than that of docetaxel complexed with HP-β-CD.
Objective: To study the inclusion effects of β-CD and HP-β-CD on docetaxel. Methods: The inclusion compound was prepared by the free-drying method and trituration.The measurements of the inclusion molar ratio of the host to guest molecules,apparent complexation constant,the thermodynamic parameters and the identication of the inclusion complex were carried out by the methods such as continuous variation method,UV absorption spectroscopy,phase solubility diagram,differential scanning calorimeter(DSC) and infrared spectra(IR) methods,respectively. Results: The continuous variation method suggested the formation of aqueous soluble complexes with 1-1 molar ratio.AN-type phase solubility curves were obtained.The apparent complexation constant K decreased when the temperature increased.All thermodynamic parameters of ΔG,ΔH and ΔS in the complexations gave negative values.The solubility of docetaxel complexed with β-CD was higher than that of docetaxel complexed with HP-β-CD,also the apparent complexation constant of docetaxel-β-CD was higher than that of docetaxel-HP-β-CD. Conclusion: The inclusion complex of DTX-Cyclodextrin could be formed spontaneously,and lower temperature is a benefit to the formation and the stability of the inclusion complex.The solubility and the stability constant of docetaxel complexed with β-CD is higher than that of docetaxel complexed with HP-β-CD.
2008, (2): 133-135.
Abstract:
Objective: To establish an application of bacterial endotoxin test to compound pralidoxime chloride injection. Methods: The expriment was carried out based on the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2005 edition. Results: It was proved that the maximum noninterference concentration of compound pralidoxime chloride injection was pralidoxime chloride 10 mg/mL and the sensitivity of TAL was 0.25 EU/mL. Conclusion: The results suggested that the bacterial endotoxin test was suitable for the detection of endotoxin in compound pralidoxime chloride injection and the bacterial endotoxin limit was 0.2 EU/mg.
Objective: To establish an application of bacterial endotoxin test to compound pralidoxime chloride injection. Methods: The expriment was carried out based on the bacterial endotoxin test in Chinese pharmacopoeia 2005 edition. Results: It was proved that the maximum noninterference concentration of compound pralidoxime chloride injection was pralidoxime chloride 10 mg/mL and the sensitivity of TAL was 0.25 EU/mL. Conclusion: The results suggested that the bacterial endotoxin test was suitable for the detection of endotoxin in compound pralidoxime chloride injection and the bacterial endotoxin limit was 0.2 EU/mg.
2008, (2): 138-140.
Abstract:
Objective: To develop a HPLC quantitative method for the determination of chlorgenic acid and baicalin in Yinhuang Oral liquid. Methods: An Agilent C18 column(ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18,4.6×150 mm,5 μm)was used and a mixture of methanol-water-phosphorc acid(50:950:5)was used as mobile phase A,methanol as mobile phase B,gradient elution:0～30,A:95%～35%,B:5%～65%.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and monitored at 327 nm. Results: The retention time of chlorgenic acid and baicalin were 10.5 min and 23.8 min,resp...
Objective: To develop a HPLC quantitative method for the determination of chlorgenic acid and baicalin in Yinhuang Oral liquid. Methods: An Agilent C18 column(ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18,4.6×150 mm,5 μm)was used and a mixture of methanol-water-phosphorc acid(50:950:5)was used as mobile phase A,methanol as mobile phase B,gradient elution:0～30,A:95%～35%,B:5%～65%.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and monitored at 327 nm. Results: The retention time of chlorgenic acid and baicalin were 10.5 min and 23.8 min,resp...
2008, (2): 141-142,155.
Abstract:
Objective: To develop a method to determine the content of berberine hydrochlide in Niuhuang Yijin tablets to guarantee the quality of it. Methods: The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column(4.6×250 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of CH3CN(0.05 mol/L)-KH2PO4(pH 3.0±0.05,0.025 mol/L)-sodium dodecylsulfonate.The detection wavelength was 348nm. Results: The correlation coefficients was 0.999 3 when the linear range was from 0.094 32 to 0.660 2 μg.The average recovery was 100.29% and RSD was 0.58%. Conclusion: The method was pertinence and accuracy which can be used for quality control of Niuhuang Yijin tablets.
Objective: To develop a method to determine the content of berberine hydrochlide in Niuhuang Yijin tablets to guarantee the quality of it. Methods: The determination was performed on Kromasil C18 column(4.6×250 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of CH3CN(0.05 mol/L)-KH2PO4(pH 3.0±0.05,0.025 mol/L)-sodium dodecylsulfonate.The detection wavelength was 348nm. Results: The correlation coefficients was 0.999 3 when the linear range was from 0.094 32 to 0.660 2 μg.The average recovery was 100.29% and RSD was 0.58%. Conclusion: The method was pertinence and accuracy which can be used for quality control of Niuhuang Yijin tablets.
2008, (2): 143-145.
Abstract:
Objective: To develop a HPLC quantitative method for the determination of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA in Danshentong buccal tablets. Methods: The chromatographic conditions include column C18(Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18,4.6×150 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-water(55-45),flow rate 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength 327 nm. Results: The regresstion equation of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA was Y=0.000 270 9X+0.001 090,r=0.999 9,Y=0.000 255 6X+0.001 055,r=0.999 9.The linear range was 0.036 00～1.440 μg and 0.030 00～1.200 μg.The average recovery of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA were 101.7%(RSD 0.28%),100.8%(RSD 0.50%)respectively. Conclusion: The method was sensitive,rapid and accurate.
Objective: To develop a HPLC quantitative method for the determination of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA in Danshentong buccal tablets. Methods: The chromatographic conditions include column C18(Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18,4.6×150 mm,5 μm),mobile phase:acetonitrile-water(55-45),flow rate 1.0 mL/min and detection wavelength 327 nm. Results: The regresstion equation of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA was Y=0.000 270 9X+0.001 090,r=0.999 9,Y=0.000 255 6X+0.001 055,r=0.999 9.The linear range was 0.036 00～1.440 μg and 0.030 00～1.200 μg.The average recovery of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone ⅡA were 101.7%(RSD 0.28%),100.8%(RSD 0.50%)respectively. Conclusion: The method was sensitive,rapid and accurate.
2008, (2): 145-146,153.
Abstract:
Objective: To investigate the effects on serum drug concentrations of valproic acid and carbamazepine with different storage requirements of serum sample. Methods: Methods The serum samples from epileptic patients were stored at normal temperature(23 ℃±2 ℃)for 7 days and 14 days or in refrigerator(5 ℃±1 ℃) for 7 days.Then these samples were determined by FPIA and the results were compared with the new ones. Results: Compared with the new samples,the samples which were stored for 7 or 14 days were no significant differences. Conclusion: Serum samples of valproic acid and carbamazepine can be stored stably at normal temperature for 14 days.
Objective: To investigate the effects on serum drug concentrations of valproic acid and carbamazepine with different storage requirements of serum sample. Methods: Methods The serum samples from epileptic patients were stored at normal temperature(23 ℃±2 ℃)for 7 days and 14 days or in refrigerator(5 ℃±1 ℃) for 7 days.Then these samples were determined by FPIA and the results were compared with the new ones. Results: Compared with the new samples,the samples which were stored for 7 or 14 days were no significant differences. Conclusion: Serum samples of valproic acid and carbamazepine can be stored stably at normal temperature for 14 days.
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