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多细胞生物的出现是进化过程的一个里程碑事件,器官大小的精密调控对于多细胞动物的发育和再生过程都非常重要。Hippo 信号通路是多细胞动物体内调节细胞增殖和凋亡的主要信号通路之一,在组织稳态维持和器官大小调控中起着关键作用 [1] 。
Hippo信号通路由一系列蛋白激酶及转录共激活因子组成,可调节细胞增殖和凋亡[2-3],在胚胎发育和组织器官生长发育中至关重要[4]。以哺乳动物为例,当Hippo信号通路激活的时候,在上游信号输入因子的作用下,MST1/2被磷酸化后与SAV结合,进一步激活LATS1/2以及MOB1A/B,两者结合后将下游的转录辅因子YAP/TAZ磷酸化,随后与14-3-3蛋白结合,最后被降解或隔离在细胞质中,无法进入细胞核进行转录,从而阻止细胞增殖。当Hippo信号通路被阻断或失活时,YAP/TAZ进入细胞核,与TEAD形成功能杂交转录因子,启动促增殖和促生存基因,促进细胞增殖(图1)[5-7]。
作为转录共激活因子,YAP/TAZ不具有DNA结合域,它们通过与转录因子TEAD1-4相互作用促进下游,如CTGF、CYR61、ANKRD1等靶基因的表达,从而启动YAP/TAZ的促增殖和抗凋亡功能,激活细胞周期和细胞存活基因的转录,促进器官的生长发育[8]。
当Hippo信号通路各组分处于相对平衡状态时,机体可保持正常生理功能,严格控制细胞的增殖与凋亡,进而调控器官的形状与大小。最近研究表明, Hippo 信号通路在心脏、肝脏、肌肉等多种组织器官的发育与再生中发挥重要作用。然而大多数哺乳动物的再生潜力有限,只有少数器官具有一定的再生能力。本文简要概述Hippo信号通路在器官再生中的作用机制,阐明其在器官发育、再生重塑中的作用,总结靶向 Hippo信号通路的小分子及多肽抑制剂,为临床治疗器官损伤等疾病提供理论依据。
Research progress on the mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway in organ regeneration
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摘要: Hippo 信号通路是多细胞动物体内调节细胞增殖和凋亡的主要信号通路之一,在组织稳态维持和器官生长调控中都发挥着非常重要的功能。大多数哺乳动物的再生潜力有限,近年来研究表明 Hippo 信号通路在多种组织器官的再生中至关重要。该综述主要介绍Hippo信号通路在器官再生中的作用以及相关靶点和抑制剂的研究进展,分析Hippo信号通路促进再生的机制,为器官再生相关疾病的治疗提供理论参考。
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关键词:
- Hippo 信号通路 /
- 器官再生 /
- 靶点 /
- 抑制剂
Abstract: Hippo signal pathway is one of the main signal pathways regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis in multicellular animals, which plays a vital role in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and the regulation of organ growth. Most mammals have limited regenerative potential, and recent studies have shown that Hippo signal pathway is critical in the regeneration of various tissues and organs. The role of Hippo signaling pathway in organ regeneration and the research progress of related targets were introduced, the mechanism of Hippo signaling pathway promoting regeneration analyzes were aralyzed in this review, which provide theoretical reference for the treatment of diseases related to organ regeneration.-
Key words:
- Hippo signaling pathway /
- organ regeneration /
- target /
- inhibitor
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