2017 Vol. 35, No. 6
Display Method:
2017, 35(6): 481-484,489.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.001
Abstract:
In vitro lipolysis model has become a new and promising technique to screen and evaluate oral lipid formulations. This model mimics the gastrointestinal tract environment and well reflects the fate of lipid formulations in GI tract after oral administration. This review summarizes the characteristics of lipid formulations, process of gastrointestinal digestion, applications of in vitro lipolysis model and methods for the characterization of the lipolysis process, which provides the basis for the research of oral absorption mechanism and in vivo-in vitro correlations of lipid formulations with lipolysis model.
In vitro lipolysis model has become a new and promising technique to screen and evaluate oral lipid formulations. This model mimics the gastrointestinal tract environment and well reflects the fate of lipid formulations in GI tract after oral administration. This review summarizes the characteristics of lipid formulations, process of gastrointestinal digestion, applications of in vitro lipolysis model and methods for the characterization of the lipolysis process, which provides the basis for the research of oral absorption mechanism and in vivo-in vitro correlations of lipid formulations with lipolysis model.
2017, 35(6): 485-489.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.002
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Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, specifically binds the benzodiazepine receptors in central nervous system and reduces the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is used for the reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-induced anesthesia. In this article, the clinical applications of flumazenil and the developments of different dosage forms were reviewed.
Flumazenil, a benzodiazepine antagonist, specifically binds the benzodiazepine receptors in central nervous system and reduces the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is used for the reversal of sedative effects of benzodiazepine and benzodiazepine-induced anesthesia. In this article, the clinical applications of flumazenil and the developments of different dosage forms were reviewed.
2017, 35(6): 490-494,542.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.003
Abstract:
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by a systemic impairment of bone mass, strength, and microarchitecture, which will be result in increasing the propensity of fragility fractures. In recent years, OP becomes a worldwide health problem and a hotspot in medical research due to its increasing incidence. Anti-resorptive drugs inhibit osteoclast differentiation and maturation in order to reduce bone resorption; Bone-anabolic drugs promote the bone formation function of osteoblast and reconstruct bone tissue; Bone mineralization-acceleration drugs are the basic material for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, including calcium and vitamin D; Strontium ranelate is the representative drug of uncoupling agents. In this paper, the current progress of osteoporosis treatments were reviewed including these proposed drugs.
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone metabolism disease characterized by a systemic impairment of bone mass, strength, and microarchitecture, which will be result in increasing the propensity of fragility fractures. In recent years, OP becomes a worldwide health problem and a hotspot in medical research due to its increasing incidence. Anti-resorptive drugs inhibit osteoclast differentiation and maturation in order to reduce bone resorption; Bone-anabolic drugs promote the bone formation function of osteoblast and reconstruct bone tissue; Bone mineralization-acceleration drugs are the basic material for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, including calcium and vitamin D; Strontium ranelate is the representative drug of uncoupling agents. In this paper, the current progress of osteoporosis treatments were reviewed including these proposed drugs.
2017, 35(6): 495-498,529.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.004
Abstract:
Traumatic brain injuries(TBI) have caused severe injuries and deaths all over the world, but so far researchers have not found an effective drug in treating TBI on clinic. However, peptides have gradually been in a hot research with its advantages which include safety and tolerance etc. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of several peptide compounds in traumatic brain injury are reviewed in this paper.
Traumatic brain injuries(TBI) have caused severe injuries and deaths all over the world, but so far researchers have not found an effective drug in treating TBI on clinic. However, peptides have gradually been in a hot research with its advantages which include safety and tolerance etc. The neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of several peptide compounds in traumatic brain injury are reviewed in this paper.
2017, 35(6): 499-503.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.005
Abstract:
High-throughput metabolomics have developed very rapidly in recent years and been widely used in medicinal plants research. At present, high-throughput metabolomics mainly applied in the following areas, quality control of medicinal plants by fingerprints, metabolites difference comparison before and after genetic engineering, monitoring metabolites change in different environment and gene function study. High-throughput metabolomics have a great future, but still have some challenges, such as the requirements for more sophisticated equipment and complexity of data integration. With the advancement of science and technology, high-throughput metabolomics will be an irreplaceable tool for the research of medicinal plants.
High-throughput metabolomics have developed very rapidly in recent years and been widely used in medicinal plants research. At present, high-throughput metabolomics mainly applied in the following areas, quality control of medicinal plants by fingerprints, metabolites difference comparison before and after genetic engineering, monitoring metabolites change in different environment and gene function study. High-throughput metabolomics have a great future, but still have some challenges, such as the requirements for more sophisticated equipment and complexity of data integration. With the advancement of science and technology, high-throughput metabolomics will be an irreplaceable tool for the research of medicinal plants.
2017, 35(6): 504-507.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.006
Abstract:
Objective To establish a simple and sensitive method for the determination of plasma drug concentration in rats after intragastrical and intravenous administration of paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Methods AgilentTC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for HPLC at the flow rate 1 ml/min with ketoconazole as internal standard and methanol acetonitrile water (45:20:35) as the mobile phase. The statistical moment method was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate pharmacokinetic characteristics. Results There was a good liner relationship (r=0.999 7) when rat blood concentration of Paclitaxel ranged from 0.5 to 20 μg/ml. The accuracy and precision were in line with the requirements of biological sample analysis. The t1/2 were 3.86, 3.76, 3.35 and 2.62 h after intravenous injection of three lab-made paclitaxel nanoparticles and paclitaxel solution via rat tail vein. The t1/2 were 5.28 and 3.72 h respectively after intragastrical administration of lab-made paclitaxel nanoparticles and paclitaxel suspension. Conclusion This method can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of paclitaxel nanoparticles in rats. The paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles exhibited significantly longer in vivo retention time than paclitaxel injection and paclitaxel suspension.
Objective To establish a simple and sensitive method for the determination of plasma drug concentration in rats after intragastrical and intravenous administration of paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic characteristics. Methods AgilentTC-C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) was used for HPLC at the flow rate 1 ml/min with ketoconazole as internal standard and methanol acetonitrile water (45:20:35) as the mobile phase. The statistical moment method was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters and to evaluate pharmacokinetic characteristics. Results There was a good liner relationship (r=0.999 7) when rat blood concentration of Paclitaxel ranged from 0.5 to 20 μg/ml. The accuracy and precision were in line with the requirements of biological sample analysis. The t1/2 were 3.86, 3.76, 3.35 and 2.62 h after intravenous injection of three lab-made paclitaxel nanoparticles and paclitaxel solution via rat tail vein. The t1/2 were 5.28 and 3.72 h respectively after intragastrical administration of lab-made paclitaxel nanoparticles and paclitaxel suspension. Conclusion This method can be used for the pharmacokinetic study of paclitaxel nanoparticles in rats. The paclitaxel loaded nanoparticles exhibited significantly longer in vivo retention time than paclitaxel injection and paclitaxel suspension.
2017, 35(6): 508-511,558.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.007
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) in tumor-bearing mouse plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics. Methods The column was Waters XBridge C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm). Gradient elution was applied with mobile phase A as the mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (20:80) and B as the aqueous solution of 1% acetic acid and 0.1% triethylamine at flow rate 0.7 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 380 nm. DVDMS was administrated to tumor-bearing mice by tail vein injection. The blood samples were collected at designated time and centrifuged for plasma. DVDMS in plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation and analyzed by the HPLC method mentioned above. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 with statistical moment analysis. Results DVDMS showed good linearity within the ranges of 70.8-14 160 ng/ml (r=0.9998). The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows:cmax=(24 127.59±1 415.23) ng/ml, tmax=0.083 h, t1/2=(9.59±1.25) h, MRT0-∞=(11.77±1.73) h, AUC0-∞=(34 775.83±6 185.43) h·ng/ml. Conclusion This HPLC method is sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be used for analysis and research of DVDMS in plasma samples of tumor-bearing mice.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the assay of sinoporphyrin sodium (DVDMS) in tumor-bearing mouse plasma and to study its pharmacokinetics. Methods The column was Waters XBridge C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm). Gradient elution was applied with mobile phase A as the mixture of acetonitrile-methanol (20:80) and B as the aqueous solution of 1% acetic acid and 0.1% triethylamine at flow rate 0.7 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 380 nm. DVDMS was administrated to tumor-bearing mice by tail vein injection. The blood samples were collected at designated time and centrifuged for plasma. DVDMS in plasma samples were extracted by protein precipitation and analyzed by the HPLC method mentioned above. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 with statistical moment analysis. Results DVDMS showed good linearity within the ranges of 70.8-14 160 ng/ml (r=0.9998). The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated as follows:cmax=(24 127.59±1 415.23) ng/ml, tmax=0.083 h, t1/2=(9.59±1.25) h, MRT0-∞=(11.77±1.73) h, AUC0-∞=(34 775.83±6 185.43) h·ng/ml. Conclusion This HPLC method is sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be used for analysis and research of DVDMS in plasma samples of tumor-bearing mice.
2017, 35(6): 512-515.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.008
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Objective To investigate the effect of 5-FU on the expression of SHP2 gene in colorectal cancer cells RKO. Methods The human colorectal cancer cell line RKO of logarithmic growth phase was cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The expression of SHP2 was observed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting; siSHP2 which specifically inhibits the expression of SHP2 was transfected into RKO cells and cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The cell absorbance (A) values were measured with CCK8 and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The sensitivity of RKO to 5-FU and the effect of 5-FU on apoptosis of RKO cells were observed. Results The expression of nuclear protein of SHP2 was improved remarkably after colorectal cancer cell RKO was cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The sensitivity of RKO cells to 5-FU and the cell apoptosis rate induced by 5-FU were decreased after siSHP2 transfection. Conclusion 5-FU exerts anti-cancer activity possibly due to its promoting the apoptosis of RKO cells by influencing the expression of SHP2.
Objective To investigate the effect of 5-FU on the expression of SHP2 gene in colorectal cancer cells RKO. Methods The human colorectal cancer cell line RKO of logarithmic growth phase was cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The expression of SHP2 was observed by immunofluorescence and Western blotting; siSHP2 which specifically inhibits the expression of SHP2 was transfected into RKO cells and cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The cell absorbance (A) values were measured with CCK8 and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. The sensitivity of RKO to 5-FU and the effect of 5-FU on apoptosis of RKO cells were observed. Results The expression of nuclear protein of SHP2 was improved remarkably after colorectal cancer cell RKO was cultured 48 h with 5-FU. The sensitivity of RKO cells to 5-FU and the cell apoptosis rate induced by 5-FU were decreased after siSHP2 transfection. Conclusion 5-FU exerts anti-cancer activity possibly due to its promoting the apoptosis of RKO cells by influencing the expression of SHP2.
2017, 35(6): 516-519,529.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.009
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Xiaoaiping injection (XAP) combined with paclitaxel (PTX) on human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells. Methods In vitro anti-proliferation activity study of XAP combined with PTX on human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells was performed using optical microscope and MTT assay. Human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells were treated with PTX,XAP,PTX combined XAP or vehicle control.Each group of cells was treated with drugs for 24 h or 48 h.SK-OV-3 cell morphology was observed with optical microscope. MTT assay was used to detect the A value and cell viability was calculated. In vivo effect of XAP combined with PTX on the growth of SK-OV-3 cells was determined in nude mice. In our study, thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups:G1 (NS), G2 (PTX, 10 mg/kg), G3 (XAP, 20 ml/kg), G4 (XAP, 50 ml/kg), G5 (PTX 10 mg/kg+XAP 20 ml/kg) and G6 (PTX 10 mg/kg+XAP 50 ml/kg). Animals were treated for 18 days. Body weight, tumor volume and tumor inhibition rate were recorded and calculated. The results were analyzed by the SPSS 19.0 software. Results In vitro study showed that SK-OV-3 cell viability decreased significantly in PTX combined XAP group compared to PTX group or XAP group, in a time and dose-dependent manner. In vivo study showed that the combination of PTX and XAP resulted in decreased tumor weight significantly compared to the control or the PTX alone. Conclusion The combination of XAP and paclitaxel exhibited a synergistic effect both in vitro and in vivo in nude mouse tumor xenograft model.
Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of Xiaoaiping injection (XAP) combined with paclitaxel (PTX) on human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells. Methods In vitro anti-proliferation activity study of XAP combined with PTX on human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells was performed using optical microscope and MTT assay. Human ovarian cancer SK-OV-3 cells were treated with PTX,XAP,PTX combined XAP or vehicle control.Each group of cells was treated with drugs for 24 h or 48 h.SK-OV-3 cell morphology was observed with optical microscope. MTT assay was used to detect the A value and cell viability was calculated. In vivo effect of XAP combined with PTX on the growth of SK-OV-3 cells was determined in nude mice. In our study, thirty-six mice were randomly divided into six groups:G1 (NS), G2 (PTX, 10 mg/kg), G3 (XAP, 20 ml/kg), G4 (XAP, 50 ml/kg), G5 (PTX 10 mg/kg+XAP 20 ml/kg) and G6 (PTX 10 mg/kg+XAP 50 ml/kg). Animals were treated for 18 days. Body weight, tumor volume and tumor inhibition rate were recorded and calculated. The results were analyzed by the SPSS 19.0 software. Results In vitro study showed that SK-OV-3 cell viability decreased significantly in PTX combined XAP group compared to PTX group or XAP group, in a time and dose-dependent manner. In vivo study showed that the combination of PTX and XAP resulted in decreased tumor weight significantly compared to the control or the PTX alone. Conclusion The combination of XAP and paclitaxel exhibited a synergistic effect both in vitro and in vivo in nude mouse tumor xenograft model.
2017, 35(6): 520-525.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.010
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Objective To study the conditions for isolating and purifying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 type of macroporous adsorption resin. Methods The content of Schizandrol, Deoxyschizandrin, r-Schisandrin was determined by HPLC. The optimum separation and purification process of lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were identified by static and dynamic adsorption, desorption tests. The sample volume, concentration, eluting velocity, and ethanol concentration were investigated. Results The optimum conditions for isolating and purifying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows:dosage of sample liquid was 1BV, concentration of sample solution was 9.159-16.523 mg/ml, ratio of diameter to height of resin column 1:5, adsoption flow rate was 2.5 BV/h, eluted by 5 BV 30% ethanol, followed by 10BV 95% ethanol. The transfer rate of lignans was 77.07% with 22.06% of total lignan content. Conclusion AB-8 macroporous adsorptive resin can effectively isolate and purify lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill. This low cost process is easy to operate and with high industrial production value.
Objective To study the conditions for isolating and purifying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 type of macroporous adsorption resin. Methods The content of Schizandrol, Deoxyschizandrin, r-Schisandrin was determined by HPLC. The optimum separation and purification process of lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were identified by static and dynamic adsorption, desorption tests. The sample volume, concentration, eluting velocity, and ethanol concentration were investigated. Results The optimum conditions for isolating and purifying lignans in schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin were as follows:dosage of sample liquid was 1BV, concentration of sample solution was 9.159-16.523 mg/ml, ratio of diameter to height of resin column 1:5, adsoption flow rate was 2.5 BV/h, eluted by 5 BV 30% ethanol, followed by 10BV 95% ethanol. The transfer rate of lignans was 77.07% with 22.06% of total lignan content. Conclusion AB-8 macroporous adsorptive resin can effectively isolate and purify lignans from schisandra chinensis (Turcz) Baill. This low cost process is easy to operate and with high industrial production value.
2017, 35(6): 526-529.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.011
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Objective To compare the changes of four flavonoid glycosides in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. before and after fermentation. Methods The water extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves and its fermented tea were concentrated and desiccated. The dry extracts were dissolved in 70% ethanol. The chromatographic separation was performed with RP-HPLC method on an Extend-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid was selected as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 356 nm and the column temperature was 30℃. Results The rutin content was high in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. After fermentation, isoquercitrin content was increased, while the contents of rutin and narcissoside were reduced and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside stayed unchanged. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak areas of the four compounds (r>0.9997). The average recoveries were between 96%-103%. Conclusion This established method is rapid and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves and its fermented tea.
Objective To compare the changes of four flavonoid glycosides in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. before and after fermentation. Methods The water extract of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves and its fermented tea were concentrated and desiccated. The dry extracts were dissolved in 70% ethanol. The chromatographic separation was performed with RP-HPLC method on an Extend-C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm). Acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid was selected as mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 356 nm and the column temperature was 30℃. Results The rutin content was high in the leaves of Hippophae rhamnoides L. After fermentation, isoquercitrin content was increased, while the contents of rutin and narcissoside were reduced and isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside stayed unchanged. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak areas of the four compounds (r>0.9997). The average recoveries were between 96%-103%. Conclusion This established method is rapid and reliable, which can be used for the quality control of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves and its fermented tea.
2017, 35(6): 530-534.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.012
Abstract:
Objective To establish the quality control methods for Qihuang Fuzheng particle. Methods Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Corni Fructus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex, and Ophiopogonis Radix were identified with TLC. HPLC method was used for loganin assay in Corni Fructus. Results TLC identification methods for the main components were established. The TLC spots were clear with good separation. No interference was detected from the negative samples. The peak response and concentration of loganin showed good linear relationship over the range of 4.02-80.40 μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The mean recovery of loganin was 99.02%(RSD=0.64%, n=9). Conclusion The established quality control methods are accurate, reliable, and specific, which lay a foundation for the quality control of Qihuang Fuzheng particle.
Objective To establish the quality control methods for Qihuang Fuzheng particle. Methods Astragali Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Corni Fructus, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex, and Ophiopogonis Radix were identified with TLC. HPLC method was used for loganin assay in Corni Fructus. Results TLC identification methods for the main components were established. The TLC spots were clear with good separation. No interference was detected from the negative samples. The peak response and concentration of loganin showed good linear relationship over the range of 4.02-80.40 μg/ml (r=0.999 9). The mean recovery of loganin was 99.02%(RSD=0.64%, n=9). Conclusion The established quality control methods are accurate, reliable, and specific, which lay a foundation for the quality control of Qihuang Fuzheng particle.
2017, 35(6): 535-538,550.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To prepare compound ketoconazole ointment and perform the stability study. Methods Ketoconazole, mupirocin and mometasone furoate were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). PEG mixture was used as matrix to prepare the ointment.Stability of the API in the ointment was evaluated by the stress tests. Results The optimal ratio of PEG400 to PEG3350 for the ointment matrix was 2:1. Mometasone furoate and mupirocin in the ointment were stable to the high temperature(40℃)while ketoconazole had some degradation. The stability of the API was improved by addition of 0.5% of L-A. During the accelerate test, the ointment had no color change and the API percentages were above 98%. Conclusion The novel compound ketoconazole ointment was successfully prepared and the formulation stability was excellent.
Objective To prepare compound ketoconazole ointment and perform the stability study. Methods Ketoconazole, mupirocin and mometasone furoate were used as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). PEG mixture was used as matrix to prepare the ointment.Stability of the API in the ointment was evaluated by the stress tests. Results The optimal ratio of PEG400 to PEG3350 for the ointment matrix was 2:1. Mometasone furoate and mupirocin in the ointment were stable to the high temperature(40℃)while ketoconazole had some degradation. The stability of the API was improved by addition of 0.5% of L-A. During the accelerate test, the ointment had no color change and the API percentages were above 98%. Conclusion The novel compound ketoconazole ointment was successfully prepared and the formulation stability was excellent.
2017, 35(6): 539-542.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To establish quality standards for Kangkeling mixture. Methods Ardisiae Japonicae Herba, Stemonae Radix were identified by TLC. The content of bergenin was determined by HPLC. Lichrospher C18 column(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)was used with methanol-water (20:80) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength at 275 nm. Results The linear range of bergenin was in the range of 0.064 8-0.648 μg (r=0.999 8). The average recovery was 100.24% (RSD=1.9%, n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, specific and sensitive. It can be used to control the quality of Kangkeling mixture.
Objective To establish quality standards for Kangkeling mixture. Methods Ardisiae Japonicae Herba, Stemonae Radix were identified by TLC. The content of bergenin was determined by HPLC. Lichrospher C18 column(5 μm,4.6 mm×250 mm)was used with methanol-water (20:80) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. Column temperature was 30℃ and the detection wavelength at 275 nm. Results The linear range of bergenin was in the range of 0.064 8-0.648 μg (r=0.999 8). The average recovery was 100.24% (RSD=1.9%, n=6). Conclusion The method is simple, specific and sensitive. It can be used to control the quality of Kangkeling mixture.
2017, 35(6): 543-546.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.015
Abstract:
Objective To establish a quality standard for compound Heishen granules. Methods Scrophulariae Radix and Belamcandae Rhizoma were identified by TLC.HPLC was used to determine the content of cinnamic acid,tectoridin and irisflorentin.The HPLC was performed on a column of Kromasil-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% hydrochloric acid(B)at a temperature 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm and the flow rate at 1 ml/min. Results The TLC method had good specificity without interference from negative control.The calibration curve showed a good linear relationship within the range of 16.22-113.57 μg/ml for cinnamic acid(r=0.999 8),48.19-337.34 μg/ml for tectoridin(r=0.999 8)and 16.40-114.80 μg/ml for irisflorentin(r=0.999 9). The average recoveries were 99.23%,98.82%,99.17%. Conclusion The established method is rapid,accurate and reproducible. It can be used in the quality control of compound Heishen granules.
Objective To establish a quality standard for compound Heishen granules. Methods Scrophulariae Radix and Belamcandae Rhizoma were identified by TLC.HPLC was used to determine the content of cinnamic acid,tectoridin and irisflorentin.The HPLC was performed on a column of Kromasil-C18(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm)with a mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% hydrochloric acid(B)at a temperature 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 270 nm and the flow rate at 1 ml/min. Results The TLC method had good specificity without interference from negative control.The calibration curve showed a good linear relationship within the range of 16.22-113.57 μg/ml for cinnamic acid(r=0.999 8),48.19-337.34 μg/ml for tectoridin(r=0.999 8)and 16.40-114.80 μg/ml for irisflorentin(r=0.999 9). The average recoveries were 99.23%,98.82%,99.17%. Conclusion The established method is rapid,accurate and reproducible. It can be used in the quality control of compound Heishen granules.
2017, 35(6): 547-550.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.016
Abstract:
Objective To establish a method for the determination of the total flavonoids content in compound Yinchen mixture by UV spectrophotometry. Methods Using rutin as comparison, three coloration methods were studied to find the optimal assay method. Results The sample was detected at 508 nm wavelength by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH reaction with rutin as reference. The rutin content had a liner relationship in the range of 0.012 5-0.062 6 g/L (n=9,r=0.999 9), and the average recovery rate was 99.49% with RSD of 0.84%. Conclusion The NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH coloration method is proved to be simple, quick, stable and reliable for the determination of total flavonoids in compound Yinchen mixture.
Objective To establish a method for the determination of the total flavonoids content in compound Yinchen mixture by UV spectrophotometry. Methods Using rutin as comparison, three coloration methods were studied to find the optimal assay method. Results The sample was detected at 508 nm wavelength by NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH reaction with rutin as reference. The rutin content had a liner relationship in the range of 0.012 5-0.062 6 g/L (n=9,r=0.999 9), and the average recovery rate was 99.49% with RSD of 0.84%. Conclusion The NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH coloration method is proved to be simple, quick, stable and reliable for the determination of total flavonoids in compound Yinchen mixture.
2017, 35(6): 551-553,576.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.017
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for simultaneously determining the content of dexamethasone acetate, camphor and phenol in compound cream. Methods The separation was performed on a SHIADZU-GL Inertsil® ODS-3 RP C18 analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (60:40). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave length was 285 nm and the column temperature was 40℃. Results Dexamethasone acetate,camphor and phenol showed good linearity (r>0.999 5, n=7) within the concentration range of 4.024-40.24,101.7-2 033 and 10.38-425.2 μg/ml,respectively. The average recovery of dexamethasone acetate, camphor and phenol was 101.2%(RSD was 0.56%),99.89%(RSD was 0.72%),100.2%(RSD was 0.97%),respectively. Moreover, the RSDs were less than 1.5% in the repeated tests. Conclusion The method was simple, quick and accurate. It is suitable for the quality control of dexamethasone acetate camphor and phenol cream.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for simultaneously determining the content of dexamethasone acetate, camphor and phenol in compound cream. Methods The separation was performed on a SHIADZU-GL Inertsil® ODS-3 RP C18 analytical column with the mobile phase consisting of methanol-water (60:40). The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min. The detection wave length was 285 nm and the column temperature was 40℃. Results Dexamethasone acetate,camphor and phenol showed good linearity (r>0.999 5, n=7) within the concentration range of 4.024-40.24,101.7-2 033 and 10.38-425.2 μg/ml,respectively. The average recovery of dexamethasone acetate, camphor and phenol was 101.2%(RSD was 0.56%),99.89%(RSD was 0.72%),100.2%(RSD was 0.97%),respectively. Moreover, the RSDs were less than 1.5% in the repeated tests. Conclusion The method was simple, quick and accurate. It is suitable for the quality control of dexamethasone acetate camphor and phenol cream.
2017, 35(6): 554-558.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.018
Abstract:
Objective To design individualized anti-infective therapy for a critically ill patient. Methods Based on pathophysiological conditions and therapeutic drug levels,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians to optimize individual anti-infective medication regimens for a patient with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis secondary to blood stream infection and pulmonary infection. Results The patient responded poorly to initial treatment. After the medication regimen adjustments byclinical pharmacists according to the individual situation and therapeutic drug monitoring results,patient's condition was improved and the infection was under control. Conclusion The key to successful treatment is to ensure the dosage administered to the critically ill patients reach the target value of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
Objective To design individualized anti-infective therapy for a critically ill patient. Methods Based on pathophysiological conditions and therapeutic drug levels,clinical pharmacists assisted physicians to optimize individual anti-infective medication regimens for a patient with acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis secondary to blood stream infection and pulmonary infection. Results The patient responded poorly to initial treatment. After the medication regimen adjustments byclinical pharmacists according to the individual situation and therapeutic drug monitoring results,patient's condition was improved and the infection was under control. Conclusion The key to successful treatment is to ensure the dosage administered to the critically ill patients reach the target value of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
2017, 35(6): 559-561.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.019
Abstract:
Objective In order to provide a reference for optimizing the dosage regimen of carbamazepine and valproate in pediatric epilepsy patients. Methods Pharmacist consulted one pediatric epilepsy patient with traumatic brain injury for post operation epilepsy treatments. The abnormal plasma concentration of carbamazepine and valproic acid was analyzed with the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model built by this team. New medication regimen was proposed and the predictive capability of this model was evaluated. Results Seizures in this patient have been effectively controlled. Conclusion Pharmacist can optimize the antiepileptic drug treatment with PPK model and achieve rational drug use clinically.
Objective In order to provide a reference for optimizing the dosage regimen of carbamazepine and valproate in pediatric epilepsy patients. Methods Pharmacist consulted one pediatric epilepsy patient with traumatic brain injury for post operation epilepsy treatments. The abnormal plasma concentration of carbamazepine and valproic acid was analyzed with the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model built by this team. New medication regimen was proposed and the predictive capability of this model was evaluated. Results Seizures in this patient have been effectively controlled. Conclusion Pharmacist can optimize the antiepileptic drug treatment with PPK model and achieve rational drug use clinically.
2017, 35(6): 562-564,568.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.020
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist on anti-inflammation and immune function in asthmatic patients. Methods 86 cases of asthma patients in our hospital from August to December 2014 were taken as the research objects, they were randomly divided into the observation group with 43 cases and the control group with 43 cases, the control group was treated with conventional therapy plus Seretide, the observation group was given leukotriene receptor antagonist-montelukast based on the control group, two groups were treated for 14 d. The changes of inflammatory factors and immune function, therapeutic effect, adverse reaction were compared between the two groups after treatment. In the observation group after the treatment,the IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group after the treatment, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than that in the control group, CD8+ was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment in the observation group, the ACT score was higher than that in the control group, the total effective rate was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups. Conclusion Leukotriene antagonist (montelukast) could play an important role in improving the immune function and anti-inflammation in asthma patients, which might be an important mechanism to improve the therapeutic effect of asthma.
Objective To analyze the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist on anti-inflammation and immune function in asthmatic patients. Methods 86 cases of asthma patients in our hospital from August to December 2014 were taken as the research objects, they were randomly divided into the observation group with 43 cases and the control group with 43 cases, the control group was treated with conventional therapy plus Seretide, the observation group was given leukotriene receptor antagonist-montelukast based on the control group, two groups were treated for 14 d. The changes of inflammatory factors and immune function, therapeutic effect, adverse reaction were compared between the two groups after treatment. In the observation group after the treatment,the IL-6, TNF-α and CRP were lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). In the observation group after the treatment, CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ were higher than that in the control group, CD8+ was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). After the treatment in the observation group, the ACT score was higher than that in the control group, the total effective rate was higher than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups. Conclusion Leukotriene antagonist (montelukast) could play an important role in improving the immune function and anti-inflammation in asthma patients, which might be an important mechanism to improve the therapeutic effect of asthma.
2017, 35(6): 565-568.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.021
Abstract:
Objective To explore the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients with heat stroke. Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of patients with heat stroke, focused on the key points of effective treatment of heat stroke, and put forward some suggestions for reasonable drug use from the aspects of active brain protection, correction of coagulation disorders, protection of multiple organ function and effective infection control. Results The potential drug side effects were minimized, the medication safety and the therapeutic outcome were optimized. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists improved clinical rational drug use by actively participating in the treatment of heat stroke with drug therapy.
Objective To explore the breakthrough points of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists for patients with heat stroke. Methods Clinical pharmacists participated in the treatment of patients with heat stroke, focused on the key points of effective treatment of heat stroke, and put forward some suggestions for reasonable drug use from the aspects of active brain protection, correction of coagulation disorders, protection of multiple organ function and effective infection control. Results The potential drug side effects were minimized, the medication safety and the therapeutic outcome were optimized. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists improved clinical rational drug use by actively participating in the treatment of heat stroke with drug therapy.
2017, 35(6): 569-572.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.022
Abstract:
The clinical practice of pharmacogenomics promotes the development of precision medicine. From the perspective of a pharmacist, the author analyzed the leading roles and specific responsibilities of pharmacists in pharmacogenomics, discussed the challenges to incorporate pharmacogenomics into patient cares and provided reference for the domestic pharmacists to carry out pharmacogenomics services in the future.
The clinical practice of pharmacogenomics promotes the development of precision medicine. From the perspective of a pharmacist, the author analyzed the leading roles and specific responsibilities of pharmacists in pharmacogenomics, discussed the challenges to incorporate pharmacogenomics into patient cares and provided reference for the domestic pharmacists to carry out pharmacogenomics services in the future.
2017, 35(6): 573-576.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.06.023
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the usage of intravenous infusion and the antibiotic intravenous infusion in different hospitals nationwide, and to evaluate the influence of the hospital bed number, hospital area and hospital grade on the clinical application of intravenous infusion. Methods Intravenous infusion volume, rate and other related indexes were analyzed based on the inpatient information obtained from the regional medical big data net for 156 hospitals. Results 1 323 852 inpatients were included in this study. 93.13% of those patients received intravenous infusion therapy. The average daily infusion volume was 782.67 ml per bed. The average infusion time was 7.39 days per patient. 44.78% of inpatients received intravenous antibiotic treatment. The average daily antibiotic infusion volume was 92.48 ml per bed. Conclusion Generally, the inpatient percentage of intravenous infusion was getting higher in China. The greater infusion volume in larger hospitals suggested that the patient's condition is relatively more serious in the larger hospital. The higher grade hospitals used smaller antibiotic infusion rate and volume, indicating the antibiotic use in high grade hospitals is relatively more standardized.
Objective To investigate the usage of intravenous infusion and the antibiotic intravenous infusion in different hospitals nationwide, and to evaluate the influence of the hospital bed number, hospital area and hospital grade on the clinical application of intravenous infusion. Methods Intravenous infusion volume, rate and other related indexes were analyzed based on the inpatient information obtained from the regional medical big data net for 156 hospitals. Results 1 323 852 inpatients were included in this study. 93.13% of those patients received intravenous infusion therapy. The average daily infusion volume was 782.67 ml per bed. The average infusion time was 7.39 days per patient. 44.78% of inpatients received intravenous antibiotic treatment. The average daily antibiotic infusion volume was 92.48 ml per bed. Conclusion Generally, the inpatient percentage of intravenous infusion was getting higher in China. The greater infusion volume in larger hospitals suggested that the patient's condition is relatively more serious in the larger hospital. The higher grade hospitals used smaller antibiotic infusion rate and volume, indicating the antibiotic use in high grade hospitals is relatively more standardized.
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