-
社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是指在院外由于多种微生物引起的肺实质的急性感染,临床表现以发热、咳嗽、咯痰、气短、胸闷或胸痛等症状为主[1-2]。2019年全球疾病负担研究(GBD)的数据显示,包括肺炎和细支气管炎在内的下呼吸道感染影响了全球4.89亿人[3]。全球估计每年约有320万人死于CAP,超过了包括结核病、艾滋病毒感染和疟疾在内的所有其他感染,使其成为全球传染病死亡的主要原因,其中小于5岁的儿童及大于70岁的成年人是受影响最大的人群[4]。
近年来,有大量的临床研究、实验观察以及医学报道表明,中西医联合治疗CAP取得了较好的疗效。在使用抗菌药物的基础上,加用中药能够缩短病程,尽量减少细菌耐药性的发生。同时中药在治疗过程中有着多靶点、多环节的作用机制。金芪清疏颗粒(备案号:沪药制备字Z20200011001)是上海中医药大学附属岳阳中西医结合医院呼吸科专家在长期临床治疗肺脾气虚证呼吸道疾病基础上所得出的经验效方,以玉屏风散和四君子汤经典名方为基础加减化裁而成。它由金银花、黄芪、黄芩、柴胡、太子参、茯苓、白术、佩兰、防风和甘草10味药组成,具有益气清疏,健脾补肺固表,培土生金之效。现代药理学研究表明[5-15],方中所用诸药具有广泛抗炎、调节氧化应激、解热、抗菌、调节免疫等多种功效。但由于中药成分治疗靶点的复杂性,目前有关金芪清疏颗粒治疗CAP的具体机制尚不明确。本研究基于网络药理学、分子对接等方法探究其潜在作用机制,拟为后续实验研究提供理论基础。
-
根据筛选得到金银花23个、黄芪21个、黄芩36个、柴胡17个、太子参8个、茯苓15个、白术7个、佩兰11个、防风18个和甘草92个活性成分,删去重复值及没有作用靶点的成分,共得到金芪清疏颗粒活性成分209个,通过Swiss Target Predic-tion数据库预测相应作用靶点,删去重复值共得到
1041 个作用靶点。通过Cytoscape3.10.0软件将活性成分-靶点进行可视化,得到“活性成分-靶点”相互作用网络。该网络共有1291 个节点和16408 条边,见图1。通过软件分析得出Degree值,Degree值越高,作用关系越密切,重要性越大,按Degree值排序,得出top 9的成分为:Quercetin、Kaempferol、Luteolin、Isorhamnetin、Mandenol、Jaranol、Wogonin、Acacetin和Sitosterol,见表1。表 1 金芪清疏颗粒TOP9活性成分表
化合物 分子结构 度值 中介中心性 接近中心性 口服生物利用度(%) 类药性 中药名称
成分代号(ID)Quercetin(槲皮素) 420 0.00350184 0.37422037 46.43 0.28 金银花、黄芪、
太子参、甘草B Kaempferol(山柰酚) 420 0.00343999 0.37422037 41.88 0.24 金银花、黄芪、
柴胡、甘草D Luteolin(木犀草素) 315 0.00386583 0.37377633 31.16 0.25 金银花、太子参、佩兰 A Isorhamnetin
(异鼠李素)315 0.0031137 0.37377633 49.60 0.31 黄芪、柴胡、
甘草L Mandenol
(亚麻油酸乙酯)230 0.02557745 0.37223043 42.00 0.19 金银花、防风 F Jaranol(华良姜素) 210 0.00361453 0.3735547 50.83 0.29 黄芪、甘草 J Wogonin(汉黄芩素) 210 0.00350745 0.37399822 30.68 0.23 黄芩、防风 O Acacetin(金合欢素) 210 0.00355992 0.37311223 34.97 0.24 黄芩、太子参 R Sitosterol(谷甾醇) 180 0.00218402 0.35502959 36.91 0.75 黄芩、防风、
佩兰、甘草P -
以“Community acquired pneumonia”为检索词分别从OMIM、DisGeNET、GeneCards(评分>3.6)、TTD 4个数据库得到645、73、
1566和 3个疾病靶点,删去重复值后共得到2149 个CAP相关靶点。 -
将
1041 个金芪清疏颗粒活性成分作用靶点与2149 个CAP相关靶点进行映射,得到312个共同靶点,绘制VEEN图,见图2。这些靶点被认为是金芪清疏颗粒治疗CAP的潜在靶点。 -
将312个作用靶点导入STRING,构建PPI网络。利用Centiscape2.2插件分析,得到该网络中介性unDir:302.778,接近中心性unDir:0.002,度值unDir:45.910,取大于这三个条件筛选出该网络关键靶点64个,利用Cytoscape3.10.0进行可视化分析(图3),结果得到TOP10靶点为:GAPDH、AKT1、MAPK3、TP53、EGFR、VEGFA、ALB、TNF、SRC和JUN,见表2。
表 2 PPI 网络TOP10 靶点表
名称 度值 中介中心性 接近中心性 GAPDH 61 0.0185 0.9692 AKT1 61 0.0195 0.9692 MAPK3 59 0.0167 0.9402 TP53 58 0.0146 0.9265 EGFR 58 0.0149 0.9265 VEGFA 58 0.0145 0.9265 ALB 57 0.0168 0.9130 TNF 57 0.0133 0.9130 SRC 57 0.0127 0.9130 JUN 56 0.0101 0.9000 -
通过David数据库对64个核心靶点进行GO富集分析及KEGG分析。用Bioinformatics[21]制作富集气泡图。结果显示,共有571个生物过程、68个细胞组分、199个分子功能显示富集。据P<0.01进行筛选后排序,选择前20的结果。GO富集分析主要涉及在正向调节RNA聚合酶Ⅱ启动子转录,凋亡过程的负调控、信号转导、蛋白磷酸化等生物过程,见图4A;细胞质、细胞核、大分子复合物等细胞组分,见图4B;蛋白质结合、酶结合、蛋白质丝氨酸/苏氨酸/酪氨酸激酶活性,转录因子结合等分子功能,见图4C。
KEGG共富集到165条信号通路,选择与CAP密切相关的前20条,见图5。主要是PI3K/Akt信号通路、MAPK信号通路、趋化因子信号通路、TNF信号通路及细胞凋亡信号通路等。
-
将“2.4”项中筛选得到部分核心靶点(GAPDH、AKT1、MAPK3、EGFR、TNF、SRC、JUN)与“2.1”项中筛选得到的部分核心成分(Quercetin, Kaempferol, Luteolin)进行分子对接。一般认为结合能<0 kJ/mol表明配体分子可以与受体分子自发结合,结合能<−20.92 kJ/mol则表示具有较好的结合能力,分子对接显示所有核心活性成分与关键靶点对接的结合能均<−20.92 kJ/mol,见表3。可视化分析结果见图6。
表 3 部分核心成分与核心靶点分子对接结果
受体蛋白 PDB入口 配位基 亲和力(kJ/mol) GAPDH 8P5F 槲皮素 −30.79 山柰酚 −29.16 木犀草素 −30.92 AKT1 7NH5 槲皮素 −31.67 山柰酚 −32.47 木犀草素 −31.46 MAPK3 4QTB 槲皮素 −29.37 山柰酚 −27.36 木犀草素 −29.29 EGFR 8A2A 槲皮素 −34.56 山柰酚 −36.40 木犀草素 −32.05 TNF 5UUI 槲皮素 −26.94 山柰酚 −26.40 木犀草素 −27.32 SRC 7NG7 槲皮素 −28.45 山柰酚 −30.04 木犀草素 −28.66 JUN 5T01 槲皮素 −26.40 山柰酚 −26.28 木犀草素 −26.57
Study on the potential mechanism of JQQSG for the treatment of CAP based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology
-
摘要:
目的 采用网络药理学方法及分子对接技术探究金芪清疏颗粒(JQQSG)治疗社区获得性肺炎(CAP)的可能作用机制。 方法 利用TCMSP数据库和SwissTargetPrediction数据库获取和筛选JQQSG的活性成分及作用靶点,通过GeneCards、OMIM、TTD、DisGeNET数据库检索CAP预测靶点,两者靶点映射后,导入STRING数据库构建PPI网络筛选关键靶点,利用DAVID数据库进行GO和KEGG通路富集分析,并通过AutoDock Tools软件进行分子对接。 结果 筛选后得到JQQSG 209个活性成分, 1041 个作用靶点;与CAP共同作用靶点312个,经PPI网络筛选后,得到64个核心靶点。GO富集分析共571个生物过程、68个细胞组分、199个分子功能,KEGG通路富集分析共165条通路,主要涉及蛋白作用,细胞凋亡,MAPK信号通路等。分子对接提示核心靶点与核心成分均具有较好结合能力。结论 JQQSG治疗CAP的作用机制可能与其调控Akt、MAPK信号通路、改善氧化应激等作用途径,发挥抗炎、抗氧化作用有关,为后续进一步深入研究其具体作用机制奠定基础。 Abstract:Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Jinqi Qingshu granules (JQQSG) in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) by network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The TCMSP database and SwissTargetPrediction database were used to obtain and screen the active ingredients and targets of JQQSG, and GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, and DisGeNET databases were used to search for the predicted targets of CAP, and the two targets were mapped and then imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network to screen the key targets, and then the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment were analyzed by the DAVID database, and molecular docking was carried out by the AutoDock Tools software. Results 209 active ingredients and 1041 targets of JQQSG were obtained after screening; 312 targets were co-activated with CAP, and 64 core targets were obtained after PPI network screening. 571 biological processes, 68 cellular components, and 199 molecular functions were analyzed by GO enrichment, and 165 KEGG pathways were analyzed by KEGG pathway enrichment, mainly involved in protein action, apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggests that the core target and the core components all have good binding ability.Conclusion The mechanism of action of JQQSG in the treatment of CAP may be related to its regulation of Akt, MAPK signaling pathway, improvement of oxidative stress, and other pathways to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which could lay the foundation for further in-depth study of its specific mechanism of action. -
Key words:
- JQQSG /
- community-acquired pneumonia /
- network pharmacology /
- inflammatory reaction /
- oxidative stress
-
表 1 金芪清疏颗粒TOP9活性成分表
化合物 分子结构 度值 中介中心性 接近中心性 口服生物利用度(%) 类药性 中药名称
成分代号(ID)Quercetin(槲皮素) 420 0.00350184 0.37422037 46.43 0.28 金银花、黄芪、
太子参、甘草B Kaempferol(山柰酚) 420 0.00343999 0.37422037 41.88 0.24 金银花、黄芪、
柴胡、甘草D Luteolin(木犀草素) 315 0.00386583 0.37377633 31.16 0.25 金银花、太子参、佩兰 A Isorhamnetin
(异鼠李素)315 0.0031137 0.37377633 49.60 0.31 黄芪、柴胡、
甘草L Mandenol
(亚麻油酸乙酯)230 0.02557745 0.37223043 42.00 0.19 金银花、防风 F Jaranol(华良姜素) 210 0.00361453 0.3735547 50.83 0.29 黄芪、甘草 J Wogonin(汉黄芩素) 210 0.00350745 0.37399822 30.68 0.23 黄芩、防风 O Acacetin(金合欢素) 210 0.00355992 0.37311223 34.97 0.24 黄芩、太子参 R Sitosterol(谷甾醇) 180 0.00218402 0.35502959 36.91 0.75 黄芩、防风、
佩兰、甘草P 表 2 PPI 网络TOP10 靶点表
名称 度值 中介中心性 接近中心性 GAPDH 61 0.0185 0.9692 AKT1 61 0.0195 0.9692 MAPK3 59 0.0167 0.9402 TP53 58 0.0146 0.9265 EGFR 58 0.0149 0.9265 VEGFA 58 0.0145 0.9265 ALB 57 0.0168 0.9130 TNF 57 0.0133 0.9130 SRC 57 0.0127 0.9130 JUN 56 0.0101 0.9000 表 3 部分核心成分与核心靶点分子对接结果
受体蛋白 PDB入口 配位基 亲和力(kJ/mol) GAPDH 8P5F 槲皮素 −30.79 山柰酚 −29.16 木犀草素 −30.92 AKT1 7NH5 槲皮素 −31.67 山柰酚 −32.47 木犀草素 −31.46 MAPK3 4QTB 槲皮素 −29.37 山柰酚 −27.36 木犀草素 −29.29 EGFR 8A2A 槲皮素 −34.56 山柰酚 −36.40 木犀草素 −32.05 TNF 5UUI 槲皮素 −26.94 山柰酚 −26.40 木犀草素 −27.32 SRC 7NG7 槲皮素 −28.45 山柰酚 −30.04 木犀草素 −28.66 JUN 5T01 槲皮素 −26.40 山柰酚 −26.28 木犀草素 −26.57 -
[1] LANKS C W, MUSANI A I, HSIA D W. Community-acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia[J]. Med Clin North Am, 2019, 103(3):487-501. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2018.12.008 [2] 中华中医药学会内科分会, 中华中医药学会肺系病分会, 中国民族医药学会肺病分会. 社区获得性肺炎中医诊疗指南(2018修订版)[J]. 中医杂志, 2019, 60(4):350-360. [3] TORRES A, CILLONIZ C, NIEDERMAN M S, et al. Pneumonia[J]. Nat Rev Dis Primers, 2021, 7:25. doi: 10.1038/s41572-021-00259-0 [4] WUNDERINK R G, WATERER G. Advances in the causes and management of community acquired pneumonia in adults[J]. BMJ, 2017, 358:j2471. [5] 沈玲玲, 胡志军, 王志良, 等. 金银花中总黄酮的提取及其消除自由基的研究[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2011, 22(5):1169-1171. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2011.05.060 [6] 鄢宇梅, 米佳佳, 付英豪, 等. 基于Nrf2/HO-1通路的黄芪-灯盏细辛成分配伍对缺氧缺糖PC12细胞氧化损伤研究[J]. 中药药理与临床, 2022, 38(2):159-164. [7] 巩克民, 季宏建. 白术多糖对Ang-Ⅱ诱导的血管平滑肌细胞增殖及氧化应激的作用[J]. 中成药, 2022, 44(1):235-239. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1528.2022.01.046 [8] 杨馨, 张金娟, 宛蕾, 等. 太子参抗心肌细胞缺氧/复氧损伤的活性部位筛选及作用机制研究[J]. 中国药房, 2018, 29(14):1958-1964. doi: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.14.20 [9] WANG Z, LIAO S G, HE Y, et al. Protective effects of fractions from Pseudostellaria heterophylla against cobalt chloride-induced hypoxic injury in H9c2 cell[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2013, 147(2):540-545. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.053 [10] 刘双利, 姜程曦, 赵岩, 等. 防风化学成分及其药理作用研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2017, 48(10):2146-2152. doi: 10.7501/j.issn.0253-2670.2017.10.032 [11] GUI Y J, SUN L J, LIU R, et al. Pachymic acid inhibits inflammation and cell apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced rat model with pneumonia by regulating NF-κB and MAPK pathways[J]. Allergol Immunopathol, 2021, 49(5):87-93. doi: 10.15586/aei.v49i5.468 [12] 任丽娟, 杨广林, 陈文静, 等. 茯苓酸调节Nrf2/Keap1/ARE信号通路改善脂多糖诱导肺泡上皮细胞氧化应激损伤研究[J]. 中国药师, 2022, 25(9):1525-1530. [13] 魏道智, 宁书菊, 林文雄. 佩兰的研究进展[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2007, 18(7):1782-1783. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0805.2007.07.147 [14] 季宇彬, 姜薇, 范玉玲, 等. 甘草黄酮的研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2004, 35(9):1081-1082. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2670.2004.09.055 [15] 管燕, 谢强敏. 甘草黄酮对肺部炎症小鼠细胞因子表达和氧化反应的调节作用[J]. 中草药, 2009, 40(8):1254-1259. [16] RU J L, LI P, WANG J N, et al. TCMSP: a database of systems pharmacology for drug discovery from herbal medicines[J]. J Cheminform, 2014, 6:13. doi: 10.1186/1758-2946-6-13 [17] KIM S, CHEN J, CHENG T J, et al. PubChem 2023 update[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2023, 51(D1):D1373-D1380. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkac956 [18] SHANNON P, MARKIEL A, OZIER O, et al. Cytoscape: a software environment for integrated models of biomolecular interaction networks[J]. Genome Res, 2003, 13(11):2498-2504. doi: 10.1101/gr.1239303 [19] ZHOU Y, ZHANG Y T, LIAN X C, et al. Therapeutic target database update 2022: facilitating drug discovery with enriched comparative data of targeted agents[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2022, 50(D1):D1398-D1407. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkab953 [20] BARDOU P, MARIETTE J, ESCUDIÉ F, et al. Jvenn: an interactive Venn diagram viewer[J]. BMC Bioinformatics, 2014, 15(1):293. doi: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-293 [21] TANG D, CHEN M, HUANG X,et al.SRplot: A free online platform for data visualization and graphing[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(11):e0294236. [22] ROMBAUTS A, ABELENDA-ALONSO G, CUERVO G, et al. Role of the inflammatory response in community-acquired pneumonia: clinical implications[J]. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther, 2022, 20(10):1261-1274. doi: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1834848 [23] CARULLO G, CAPPELLO A R, FRATTARUOLO L, et al. Quercetin and derivatives: useful tools in inflammation and pain management[J]. Future Med Chem, 2017, 9(1):79-93. doi: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0186 [24] GALVÁN-PEÑA S, CARROLL R G, NEWMAN C, et al. Malonylation of GAPDH is an inflammatory signal in macropha-ges[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):338. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-08187-6 [25] LIAO S T, HAN C, XU D Q, et al. 4-Octyl itaconate inhibits aerobic glycolysis by targeting GAPDH to exert anti-inflammatory effects[J]. Nat Commun, 2019, 10(1):5091. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13078-5 [26] DI LORENZO A, FERNÁNDEZ-HERNANDO C, CIRINO G, et al. Akt1 is critical for acute inflammation and histamine-mediated vascular leakage[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2009, 106(34):14552-14557. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0904073106 [27] NIE Y J, HU Y D, YU K K, et al. Akt1 regulates pulmonary fibrosis via modulating IL-13 expression in macrophages[J]. Innate Immun, 2019, 25(7):451-461. doi: 10.1177/1753425919861774 [28] FENG F F, JIN Y F, DUAN L J, et al. Regulation of ozone-induced lung inflammation by the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice[J]. Environ Toxicol, 2016, 31(12):2016-2027. doi: 10.1002/tox.22202 [29] VALLATH S, HYNDS R E, SUCCONY L, et al. Targeting EGFR signalling in chronic lung disease: therapeutic challenges and opportunities[J]. Eur Respir J, 2014, 44(2):513-522. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00146413 [30] YAMAOKA T, ARATA S, HOMMA M, et al. Blockade of EGFR activation promotes TNF-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis and pulmonary injury[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2019, 20(16):4021. doi: 10.3390/ijms20164021 [31] LI H, ZHAO C P, TIAN Y, et al. Src family kinases and pulmonary fibrosis: a review[J]. Biomedecine Pharmacother, 2020, 127:110183. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110183 [32] REN Q, GUO F, TAO S B, et al. Flavonoid fisetin alleviates kidney inflammation and apoptosis via inhibiting Src-mediated NF-κB p65 and MAPK signaling pathways in septic AKI mice[J]. Biomed Pharmacother, 2020, 122:109772. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109772 [33] BYEON S E, YI Y S, OH J, et al. The role of Src kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses[J]. Mediators Inflamm, 2012, 2012:512926. [34] QI W D, QI W X, XIONG D W, et al. Quercetin: its antioxidant mechanism, antibacterial properties and potential application in prevention and control of toxipathy[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(19):6545. doi: 10.3390/molecules27196545 [35] WANG Y, WAN R J, PENG W, et al. Quercetin alleviates ferroptosis accompanied by reducing M1 macrophage polarization during neutrophilic airway inflammation[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2023, 938:175407. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175407 [36] DEVI K P, MALAR D S, NABAVI S F, et al. Kaempferol and inflammation: from chemistry to medicine[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2015, 99:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.002 [37] ALAM W, KHAN H, SHAH M A, et al. Kaempferol as a dietary anti-inflammatory agent: current therapeutic standing[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(18):4073. doi: 10.3390/molecules25184073 [38] AZIZ N, KIM M Y, CHO J Y. Anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin: a review of in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2018, 225:342-358. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.019 [39] CONTI P, CARAFFA A, GALLENGA C E, et al. Powerful anti-inflammatory action of luteolin: potential increase with IL-38[J]. Biofactors, 2021, 47(2):165-169. doi: 10.1002/biof.1718 [40] KURE A, NAKAGAWA K, KONDO M, et al. Metabolic fate of luteolin in rats: its relationship to anti-inflammatory effect[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2016, 64(21):4246-4254. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b00964