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分泌蛋白在机体生理及疾病的生物学途径中起着不可或缺的作用,新分泌蛋白的发现与研究对疾病的诊断和治疗具有重要意义[1-4]。CRELD2是一种富含半胱氨酸的表皮生长因子样结构域,属于表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)超家族中与CRELD1同源的新型分泌蛋白。CRELD2基因最早因参与调节内质网应激被认识[5-9],即参与内质网应激信号传导反应和未折叠蛋白反应[6, 9-10];同时参与乙酰胆碱受体α4和β2亚基的细胞内转运[7]。在骨髓间充质干细胞中,CRELD2具有增强骨形态发生蛋白-9诱导的成骨和基质矿化的作用[11],与软骨基质蛋白-3结合,在软骨发育中发挥基础性作用[12]。另外,CRELD2是PERK-ROCK通路中肿瘤相关成纤维细胞的旁分泌因子,参与肿瘤微环境的形成[13];也有研究表明,CRELD2在肝脏代谢稳态的维持和调节中发挥重要作用[14]。此外,CRELD2具有作为诊断人工关节感染和术后急性肾损伤早期预测的生物标志物潜质[15-16]。因此,阐明CRELD2的组织表达情况及组织特异性,将有助于更有指向性地研究其生物学功能及其相关作用机制。
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根据对溶解曲线及扩增曲线的筛选标准:①在相同温度条件下,扩增曲线拟合度一致性好且曲线的定点斜率较大;②溶解曲线拟合度一致性好且其溶解温度稳定,溶解曲线的峰值高,表明引物能够较好地与扩增片段解链并完成结合扩增[17],我们使用3种候选引物序列(表1)分别扩增了同一肝脏组织来源的CRELD2 cDNA样品,结果如图2。扩增曲线拟合度一致性排序:引物2>引物3>引物1;溶解曲线峰值:引物1与引物3较引物2低。因此,引物2序列被用于本实验研究。
表 1 CRELD2基因候选引物序列
CRELD2 引物 序列(5' to 3') 上游引物1 ACTTTGAGTGCAACCAACTCTT 下游引物1 CCGCTGCAATAGCCGTTTC 上游引物2 GCCAGGAAGAATTTCGGTGG 下游引物2 CATGATCTCCAGAAGCCGGAT 上游引物3 TTGCAGAGGAACGAGACCCA 下游引物3 GCCGTTGACATTCTCACAGTA -
选用CRELD2-引物 2通过RT-PCR对小鼠的肝、胰腺、胃、肺组织中的CRELD2 mRNA水平进行测定,并以小鼠GAPDH特异性引物作为内参对照,比较各组织中CRELD2 mRNA的相对表达水平,结果如图3所示:在肝、胰腺、胃、肺组织中均可检测到CRELD2的基因表达;且CRELD2在不同组织中的表达水平有差异(以胰腺组织为基准,对其余各组织中的相对表达量进行标化),组织间相对表达量为:胰腺>胃>肝>肺,提示在4种组织中以胰腺中的表达水平最高、肺中表达水平最低。需要注意的是,无论是组织通用型RNA提取法还是胰腺组织特异性RNA提取法,胰腺中的表达水平在4种组织中均居首位(结果未显示),实验结果图3采用的是后一提取方法。
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为确保WB检测小鼠各组织中CRELD2蛋白的表达水平的结果准确可靠,我们从市面上可购买到的抗CRELD2抗体中,根据其产品说明标注的应用范围选择了3种适用于WB的不同品牌抗体,按照各自的使用说明对同批次的组织蛋白样品进行WB测定,结果如图4:抗体A在非目的条带所在位置出现条带,存在双条带;抗体B出现非特异性条带,且与抗体A或C相比,其目的条带普遍较淡;与抗体A或B相比,抗体C目的条带较清晰、无杂带。考虑到不同品牌抗体的使用条件各异,所以不同抗体的产品说明虽然在应用范围上有重合,但仍有各自较为适用的应用范围。根据本实验的操作条件与抗体WB条带结果,抗体C被用于进一步的蛋白水平检测。
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由WB检测小鼠各组织中CRELD2蛋白的表达水平,如图5所示:对于肝、胰腺、胃、肺等不同组织来源的蛋白样品,均可见CRELD2蛋白条带且其灰度值之间存在差异,相对表达量由高至低分别为:胰腺>肝>胃>肺。由此可见,CRELD2蛋白在胰腺、肝、胃、肺4种组织中均有表达,且在4种组织中表达水平不同,以胰腺表达水平最高、肺的表达水平最低。
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在获得小鼠胰腺、肝、肺、胃4种组织样本的基础上,对于同种组织样品进行同批次提取总蛋白及总RNA,对同批次样品进行RT-PCR及WB测定CRELD2的表达情况,如上述结果显示(图3、图5):在基因与蛋白质水平,CRELD2在小鼠胰腺、肝、肺、胃4种组织中均有表达,且无论在基因还是蛋白质水平,4种组织中胰腺组织中的表达量最高、肺组织中表达水平最低;但4种组织中,CRELD2的基因和蛋白质水平并不完全一致,如RT-PCR结果显示,在胃组织中CRELD2基因的相对表达量高于肝脏组织,而WB结果显示,肝脏组织中CRELD2蛋白的相对表达量高于胃组织,对于个别组织间的相对表达量排序在不同水平上有差异,但整体趋势保持一致。因此,无论在基因还是蛋白质水平,CRELD2在小鼠各组织中均有表达,但在不同表达水平上各组织中CRELD2的相对表达量略有不同。
Expression of CRELD2 in mouse tissues
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摘要:
目的 通过不同方法在基因及蛋白质水平探究CRELD2在小鼠各组织中的表达水平,为研究CRELD2在各组织中的生物学功能提供依据。 方法 通过实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)及蛋白质印迹法(Western Blot,WB)测定C57BL/6J小鼠的肝、胰腺、胃、肺等组织中CRELD2 mRNA与CRELD2蛋白的含量,实现在不同水平上探究CRELD2在各组织中的表达情况。 结果 RT-PCR及WB测定结果显示,CRELD2在小鼠的肝、胰腺、胃、肺组织中均有表达,表达量在各组织间存在差异;基因水平的相对表达量排序为:胰腺>胃>肝>肺;蛋白水平的相对表达量排序为:胰腺>肝>胃>肺。检测结果表明CRELD2在各组织中普遍存在,但组织间相对表达量的排序并不完全一致,推测与转录调控相关。 结论 CRELD2在小鼠的肝、胰腺、胃、肺组织中均有表达,且相对表达量在基因与蛋白质水平不完全平行。 Abstract:Objective To explore the expression of CRELD2 at the gene and protein levels of mouse tissues, and to provide a reference for studying the biological function of CRELD2 in various tissues. Methods The expression level of CRELD2 in the liver, pancreas, stomach, and lung of C57BL/6J mice was determined by real-time PCR and Western Blot. Results RT-PCR and WB showed that CRELD2 was expressed in mouse liver, pancreas, stomach, and lung. The relative expression levels of CRELD2 from high to low were pancreas, stomach, liver, and lung at the gene level, and pancreas, liver, stomach, and lung at protein level respectively. The result suggested that the relative expression levels of the CRELD2 gene and protein in different tissues were not completely consistent, suggesting that it is related to transcriptional regulation. Conclusion CRELD2 is expressed in mouse liver, pancreas, stomach, and lung, and the relative expression levels of CRELD2 are not completely parallel at the gene and protein level. -
Key words:
- CRELD2 /
- tissue specificity /
- secreted protein.
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表 1 CRELD2基因候选引物序列
CRELD2 引物 序列(5' to 3') 上游引物1 ACTTTGAGTGCAACCAACTCTT 下游引物1 CCGCTGCAATAGCCGTTTC 上游引物2 GCCAGGAAGAATTTCGGTGG 下游引物2 CATGATCTCCAGAAGCCGGAT 上游引物3 TTGCAGAGGAACGAGACCCA 下游引物3 GCCGTTGACATTCTCACAGTA -
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