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, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202206072
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Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of PTR-SeNPs in vivo by measuring the muscle relative length of hindlimb, load-bearing swimming time as well as serum and liver indexes of mice. Methods 48 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 12 mice in each group, including vehicle control group （Control group）, swimming training exercise group （EC group） with vehicle treatment, swimming training exercise with low dose of PTR-SeNPs group （LPTR-SeNPs） and high dose of PTR-SeNPs group （HPTR-SeNPs）. The mice were intragastrically administrated with normal saline in both Control group and EC group, as well as 2.5 and 10 μmol/（kg·bw） PTR-SeNPs in LHPTR-SeNPs group, respectively, once per day for consecutively 21 days. After swimming training exercise, the muscle structures in the hind limb of mice were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the burdened swimming time was measured, the serum content of blood lactic acid （BLA）, urea nitrogen （BUN）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, glutamic oxalate aminotransferase （AST） and lactate dehydrogenase （LDH）, as well as the hepatic level of glycogen （HG）, malondialdehyde （MDA） and activity of catalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） were determined. Results Compared with the Control group, the serum contents of BLA, BUN, ALT, AST and LDH in EC group （P<0.05 or 0.01） and hepatic CAT in HPTR-SeNPs group （P<0.01） were significantly increased. The muscle relative length of hind limbs and the burdened swimming time were extended by HPTR-SeNPs markedly （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in MDA level in LHPTR-SeNPs group. Compared with EC group, the burdened swimming time of mice was significantly prolonged （P<0.01）, the contents of BLA and BUN were obviously decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group （P<0.05 or 0.01）, the level of HG was significantly increased in the LHPTR-SeNPs groups （P<0.05 or 0.01）, the serum content of ALT, AST and LDH were markedly decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Hepatic SOD activity was remarkably increased in LPTR-SeNPs group （P<0.05）, the level of CAT was evidently increased （P<0.01） and AST was decreased （P<0.05） in the HPTR-SeNPs group. Conclusion PTR-SeNPs could improve the liver physiological function, increase glycogen storage, reduce the accumulation of metabolites and enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity to ameliorate fatigue significantly, which could present the potential to be developed into health care products or drugs.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202401072
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Objective To establish a method for rapid detection of tramadol in urine by liquid-liquid extraction（LLE）-surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy （SERS）. Methods Tramadol was extracted from urine with chloroform: isopropyl alcohol （9∶1）extractant and detected in urine samples by enhanced Raman spectroscopy （wavelength 785 nm）. Results The quantitative curve of tramadol was Y=204.35X−465.62, r=0.9952 , and the linear range was 1-100 μg/ml. The detection limit of tramadol by this method （S/N=3）was 0.53 μg/ml. The sensitivity of SERS was higher than that of conventional methods, and it had reasonable reproducibility. Conclusion This method is simple, efficient and economical, and can be used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of tramadol personalized medicine.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312014
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Objective To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Jinqi Qingshu granules（JQQSG）in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia（CAP）using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The TCMSP database and SwissTargetPrediction database were used to obtain and screen the active ingredients and targets of JQQSG, and GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, and DisGeNET databases were used to search for the predicted targets of CAP, and the two targets were mapped and then imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network to screen the key targets, and then analyzed the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment by using the DAVID database, and carried out molecular docking by using the AutoDock Tools software. Results 209 active ingredients and 1041 targets of JQQSG were obtained after screening; 312 targets were co-activated with CAP, and 64 core targets were obtained after PPI network screening. 571 biological processes, 68 cellular components, and 199 molecular functions were analyzed by GO enrichment, and 165 KEGG pathways were analyzed by KEGG pathway enrichment. Mainly involved in protein action, apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggests that the core target and the core components all have good binding ability. Conclusion The mechanism of action of JQQSG in the treatment of CAP may be related to its regulation of Akt、MAPK signaling pathway, improvement of oxidative stress, and other pathways to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which lays the foundation for further in-depth study of its specific mechanism of action.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310044
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Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure（CNKI）, Weipu Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Medical Database were searched for articles published from the establishment of the database to March 2023. Published randomized controlled trials of nivolumab in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer were selected, overall survival, progression-free survival, and adverse reaction rate as outcome indicators were used. A meta-analysis using STATA version 13.1 statistical software was conducted. Results A total of 8 phase Ⅲ randomized controlled trials involving 4945 subjects were included. Compared with the traditional chemotherapy group, patients in the nivolumab group had significantly reduced risk of death in terms of overall survival （HR=0.73, 95% CI=0.65-0.82, P<0.05）, and in terms of progression-free survival, nivolumab significantly reduced the risk of recurrence compared with the traditional chemotherapy group （HR=0.74, 95% CI=0.63-0.88, P<0.05）. In terms of safety, there was no significant difference between the nivolumab group and the traditional chemotherapy group for diarrhea, but the incidence of nausea, neutropenia, anemia, decreased appetite, and fatigue in the nivolumab group was lower than that in the traditional chemotherapy group. However, it should be worth noting that the incidence of immune-related adverse events such as rash was higher in the nivolumab group than in the traditional chemotherapy group, and the difference was statistically significant （OR=3.85, 95％CI=2.05-6.25, P<0.05）. Conclusions Compared to traditional chemotherapy, the efficacy and safety of nivolumab in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer were better, but the risk of immune-related adverse events increased.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309059
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Objective To analyze the current status of anti-bacterial activity of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli clinically isolated from hospitalized patients, and detect their related resistance genes, providing reference for the clinical treatment of carbapenem resistant Enterobacteria （CRE） infections and the rational use of antibiotics. Methods A total of 400 non-repetitive isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli isolated from clinical specimens of Punan Branch of Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 2022 to December were collected. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of these strains against commonly used antibiotics were determined by the broth microdilution method. The carbapenemase and related resistance genes of CRE were detected by drug resistance phenotype testing and PCR. Results Among the 400 strains, 51 strains were identified as CRE, accounting for 12.75%. Among these, 49 strains produced carbapenemases, with 41 strains （80.39%） being CR Klebsiella pneumoniae and 10 strains （19.61%） being CR Escherichia coli. Among the CRE strains, 34 strains （66.67%） carried blaKPC, 13 strains （25.49%） carried blaNDM, and 2 strains （3.92%） carried blaOXA-48. Conclusion Compared with other commonly used antibiotics, colistin and tigecycline exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. In addition, there was good concordance between drug resistance phenotype testing and genotyping. Clinical microbiology laboratories could continuously monitor the drug resistance phenotype and genotype of CRE and develop appropriate treatment plans based on actual conditions.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202403057
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Objective To explore the risk signals of adverse events （ADE） in the use of exenatide microspheres by the FDA adverse event reporting system （ FAERS ）, and provide reference for clinical rational drug use and drug safety. Methods With exenatide microspheres as the target drug, the search keywords were Exenatide Microspheres for Injection, LY05006 , AC 2993 LAR and Bydureon . SAS software was used to extract the ADE report data from January 2, 2012 to March 31, 2023 in the FAERS database and the duplicates were removed. Data mining of exenatide microspheres-related ADE reports was performed by the reporting odds ratio method and the comprehensive standard method. Results A total of 27 248 exenatide microspheres-related ADE reports were retrieved, involving 27 SOCs, of which 4 719 were severe ADE reports. The reporting personnel were mainly consumers （18 435 cases, 67.66%）, and the reporting countries were mainly the United States （26 295 cases, 96.50%）. A total of 163 ADE risk signals were obtained by reporting odds ratio method and comprehensive standard method, including new adverse reactions such as abnormal blood cholesterol, elevated lipase and mixed hyperlipidemia. Conclusion Based on the FAERS database, the post-marketing ADE of exenatide microspheres was mined and analyzed, which could provide reference for clinical medication safety and improvement of patients' medication compliance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404041
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Objective To analyze the characteristics of adverse drug reactions （ADR） reported in our hospital from 2021-2023, to provide reference for promoting rational clinical drug use. Methods ADR data reported in our hospital were collected retrospectively, including patients' basic information, drugs causing adverse reactions, types of adverse reactions and outcomes. Descriptive analysis methods were used to summarize and analyze the data. Results A total of 979 cases of ADR were reported in our hospital from 2021 to 2023. The highest proportion of patients with ADR occurred in the age range of 31 to 50, and more male patients （63.5%）. The top five drugs involved with adverse reactions were antibiotics （48.8%）, Chinese medicine injections, vitamins, Chinese patent medicine, equine tetanus immunoglobulin. Among antibiotics, cefuroxime, ceftazidime and cefotiam were the majority. The organs/systems involved in all ADR were mainly skin and accessories damage （55.4%）. The clinical manifestations were rash, itching, and maculopapular rash. Conclusion From 2021 to 2023, the most common drugs causing adverse drug reactions in our hospital are still mainly antibacterial drugs, and the rational clinical use of antibacterial drugs still needs to be paid attention to.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202403049
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Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） is the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, encompassing the entire spectrum of fatty liver pathogenesis. It progresses from simple steatosis to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis （MASH）, involving injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which affects approximately a quarter of the world's population. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for differentiating MASH from steatosis and assessing advanced fibrosis. However, its limitations, including costliness, invasiveness, and sampling bias, have spurred the development of noninvasive diagnostic techniques. In addition, there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of MASLD. Enumerating noninvasive diagnostic markers that have the potential to replace liver biopsy were summarized, and the current treatment options for MASLD were discussed, with clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agents or combination therapies to halt or reverse disease progression, which could provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MASLD.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease （MASLD） is the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, encompassing the entire spectrum of fatty liver pathogenesis. It progresses from simple steatosis to metabolic-associated steatohepatitis （MASH）, involving injury and inflammation, with or without fibrosis, ultimately leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, which affects approximately a quarter of the world's population. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard for differentiating MASH from steatosis and assessing advanced fibrosis. However, its limitations, including costliness, invasiveness, and sampling bias, have spurred the development of noninvasive diagnostic techniques. In addition, there are no FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of MASLD. Enumerating noninvasive diagnostic markers that have the potential to replace liver biopsy were summarized, and the current treatment options for MASLD were discussed, with clinical trials designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single agents or combination therapies to halt or reverse disease progression, which could provide new insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of MASLD.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405005
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Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE）are an increasingly serious threat to human health worldwide. CRE usually carry multiple drug resistance genes, which limit the selection of therapeutic drugs, prolong treatment time, and require higher treatment costs and greater treatment risks. This review summarizes the epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, current resistance status of CRE and the latest therapeutic drugs for CRE. This review provides a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical prevention and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae（CRE）are an increasingly serious threat to human health worldwide. CRE usually carry multiple drug resistance genes, which limit the selection of therapeutic drugs, prolong treatment time, and require higher treatment costs and greater treatment risks. This review summarizes the epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, current resistance status of CRE and the latest therapeutic drugs for CRE. This review provides a basis for the rational use of antibiotics in clinical prevention and treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405059
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Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition that poses a significant risk to human health. Treatment mainly involves supportive care, but research for new drugs is ongoing. For example, advancements have been achieved in the management of immune function, inflammatory pathway, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial homeostasis in sepsis. This article will review these advances in the treatment of sepsis in recent years.
Sepsis is a severe and life-threatening condition that poses a significant risk to human health. Treatment mainly involves supportive care, but research for new drugs is ongoing. For example, advancements have been achieved in the management of immune function, inflammatory pathway, blood coagulation, and vascular endothelial homeostasis in sepsis. This article will review these advances in the treatment of sepsis in recent years.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404008
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Object To study the efficacy and potential mechanism of Tongbianling capsule in constipation. Methods To observe the effects of Tongbianling capsule on intestinal motility in normal mice and carbon powder propulsion rate in small intestine of constipation model mice after administration. The potential targets and key pathways of Tongbianling capsule in treating constipation were identified through network pharmacology. To verify the mechanism, the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT and CASP3 proteins in mouse colon tissue was detected by the western blot. Results The time for mice to excrete the first black stool was shortened and the number of fecal particles was increased in Tongbianling capsule administration group, and the carbon powder propulsion rate of mice in each Tongbianling capsule administration group was increased. The results of network pharmacology showed that treatment of constipation by Tongbianling capsule may be related to signaling pathways such as PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and 5-HT. The protein expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, and CASP3 in mouse colon tissue could be significantly downregulated in administration group. Conclusion Tongbianling capsule could effectively promote intestinal peristalsis in mice, increase the frequency of defecation, and effectively treat constipation. The mechanism of its action may be related to the direct or indirect regulation of intestinal motility by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310049
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Objective Pulmonary oxygen poisoning resulting from hyperbaric oxygen, frequently occurs in specialized operations, without any current effective prevention or treatment measures. To elucidate the impact of neostigmine（NEO）in combination with anisodamine （ANI）（neoscopolamine）on pulmonary oxygen toxicity and its mechanism. Methods The animal model of pulmonary oxygen poisoning was established. C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 2.5 ATA 99.9% oxygen for 6 h. The control group mice were injected with normal saline ip, while the treatment group mice received injections of ANI （25 mg/kg, ip）and NEO（50 μg/kg, ip）. Lung tissues were collected and stained with HE to observe any pathological injuries after exposure. Evans blue stain was utilized to identify lung permeability, wet/dry lung ratio, and protein concentration in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）to assess the lung injury’s severity. The modifications in inflammatory factors, oxidative stress indicators, and iron content in lung tissue were assessed. Results The results showed that the 2.5 ATA 99.9% oxygen-exposed group experienced a significant worsening of lung injury, as well as increased lung permeability, lung wet/dry ratio, and protein content in alveolar lavage fluid when compared to the control group. Moreover, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the lung tissue of the model group were significantly elevated, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and TGF-β were significantly reduced. The oxidative index MDA also significantly increased, while the antioxidant index GSH significantly decreased. Additionally, the expression of GPX4, a marker of ferroptosis, increased with an increase in iron content. Neoscopolamine treatment successfully reversed those effects. Conclusion The combined use of ANI and NEO has a protective effect on pulmonary oxygen poisoning. Neoscopolamine may inhibit inflammation and oxidative stress by activating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, thereby reducing the content of free iron in lung tissue and finally inhibiting cell ferroptosis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306011
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Objective To study the effect of MT-1207 on blood glucose, blood lipids and atherosclerosis. Methods The apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/-) mice were fed with normal feed, drug feed containing losartan and drug feed containing MT-1207 at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. The body weight, blood glucose and blood lipids were detected, and the plaque area of atherosclerotic was evaluated. 8-week-old male C57 mice were fed a high fat diet and given intragastric administration of MT-1207 and losartan at a dose of 30 mg/kg per day. The body weight, blood glucose and lipids levels were also examined to further evaluate the effects of MT-1207 on blood glucose and lipids levels. Results ApoE−/- mice treated with MT-1207 feed and losartan feed gained weight faster. The blood glucose and lipids levels didn’t improve significantly and the plaque area of atherosclerosis didn’t change significantly. MT-1207 and losartan had no significant improvement effect on blood glucose and blood lipids of C57 mice. Conclusion MT-1207 and losartan couldn’t improve the levels of blood glucose, blood lipids and atherosclerosis, and couldn’t aggravate atherosclerosis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404006
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Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the concentration of inositol nicotinate（IN） in rat skin, and study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of IN after transdermal administration of heparin sodium inositol nicotinate cream（GJR） in rats. Methods HPLC method was used to establish a simple and rapid analytical method for the determination of IN concentration in the skin of rats at different time points after administration. The established method was used to study the pharmacokinetics of IN after transdermal administration of GJR in rats, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were fitted with DAS software. Results The linearity of the analytical method was good in the concentration range of 0.25~20 μg/ml, the quantitative limit was 0.25 μg/ml, and the average recovery rate was 96.18%. The pharmacokinetic parameters of IN after transdermal administration of GJR in rats were as follows: t1/2 was （4.555±2.054） h, Tmax was （6±0）h, Cmax was （16.929±2.153）mg/L, AUC0−t was （150.665±16.568） mg·h /L ,AUC0−∞ was （161.074±23.917） mg·h /L, MRT（0−t） was （9.044±0.618）h, MRT（0−∞） was （10.444±1.91） h, CLz/F was （0.19±0.03） L/（h·kg）, and Vz/F was （1.19±0.437） L/（h·kg）. Conclusion IN could quickly penetrate the skin and accumulate in the skin for a long time, which was beneficial to the pharmacological action of drugs on the lesion site for a long time. The method was simple, rapid, specific and reproducible, which could be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of IN after transdermal administration in rats.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202404005
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Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of miglitol on regulating the energy metabolism of brown adipocytes by activating UCP1 and improving cold injury in mice after cold exposure. Methods Primary brown adipocytes were induced into mature adipocytes, the effect of miglitol on the viability of brown adipocytes was investigated by MTT method, the lipid droplet consumption level of cells after drug administration was investigated by Oil Red O staining technology, and the level of UCP1, a key protein of thermogenesis in brown adipocytes, was detected by Western blotting. The activity of anti-frostbite was investigated in cold exposure at 4 ℃ and −20 ℃. KM mice, which were randomly divided into control group, cold exposure group, miglitol group and all-trans retinoic acid group, and after 7 days of repeated administration, the body surface temperature of mice was detected by infrared thermal imaging system, the anal temperature change was detected by anal thermometer, and the expression levels of UCP1 and PGC1-α in adipose tissue were detected by immunoblotting. Results Compared with the control group, the lipid droplet consumption and UCP1 expression levels in brown adipocytes in the miglitol group were significantly increased. The levels of body surface temperature and rectal temperature increased significantly after cold exposure, and the levels of UCP1 and PGC1α in the brown adipose tissue of mice increased significantly, which indicated that the miglitol could activate the critical proteins UCP1 and PGC1α of the thermogenesis pathway, increase the thermogenesis of mice after cold exposure, and thus improve the effect of cold injury for toe swelling. Conclusion Miglitol could play a role in improving cold injury and body temperature in mice by increasing the level of UCP1 and PGC1α, which are key targets of the thermogenesis pathway to promote the thermogenesis of brown fat.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310043
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Objective To prepare and characterize caspofungin acetate-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles using glycerol monostearate （CAS-SLNs）, and investigate the antifungal effect of potentiation on Candida albicans in vitro and in vivo. Methods A high performance liquid chromatography method was established for the determination of caspofungin acetate （CAS）. CAS-SLNs were prepared by the melt-emulsification method and characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration （MIC）and the inhibitory effect on Candida albicans biofilm were determined. A systemic infection model of Candida albicans was established in mice, and the growth curve models for body weight and fungal load of kidneys of the animals were investigated after intravenous infection. Results The retention time of CAS was 6.8 min. The calibration curve showed good linearity, and the precision and stability met the requirements of the assay. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that CAS-SLNs were spherical, with a particle size of 135.97±1.73 nm. The Zeta potential was 19.33±0.37 mV, drug loading was 7.55±0.68%, and encapsulation efficiency was 67.71±1.74%. CAS-SLNs showed significant in vitro antifungal inhibition with a MIC of 9.78×10−4 g/ml, which was significantly better than CAS group and the physical mixture group of CAS and GMS, as well as the same biofilm inhibition was observed（P<0.001, P<0.001）. Pharmacodynamic studies demonstrated that CAS-SLNs maintained stable body weight gain compared to the control（P<0.01）and CAS groups in Candida albicans invasive infection model, and that CAS-SLNs significantly reduced renal fungal burden load relative to the CAS group （P<0.05）. In vivo study revealed that a stable body weight was maintained in CAS-SLNs group compared to the control group （P<0.01）in Candida albicans invasive infection model. CAS-SLNs also significantly reduced renal fungal load compared to the CAS group（P<0.05）. Conclusion CAS-SLNs significantly enhanced the antifungal effects of CAS in vitro and in vivo, which provided a valuable insight for the research of new formulation of CAS.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309014
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Surface plasmonresonance （SPR） sensoris anoptical detection technique enables real-time and dynamic monitoring of biological samples. SPR-based biosensors have remarkable characteristics such as label-free detection and high sensitivity, making them important tools for studying molecular interactions. The recognition element, which plays a critical role in SPR sensors, allows for specific identification and capture of target analytes, closely influencing the selectivity performance of the sensor. The progress on SPR sensors in pharmaceutical research were reviewed, which focused on the application of recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal nanoparticles.
Surface plasmonresonance （SPR） sensoris anoptical detection technique enables real-time and dynamic monitoring of biological samples. SPR-based biosensors have remarkable characteristics such as label-free detection and high sensitivity, making them important tools for studying molecular interactions. The recognition element, which plays a critical role in SPR sensors, allows for specific identification and capture of target analytes, closely influencing the selectivity performance of the sensor. The progress on SPR sensors in pharmaceutical research were reviewed, which focused on the application of recognition elements such as antibodies, aptamers, molecularly imprinted polymers, and metal nanoparticles.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306020
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Objective To establish a central cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma. Methods External standard method was used. The first dimensional chromatographic column: SNCB（T）-1A（silica gel, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase A:VCV-1D mobile phase, flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; mobile phase B: water, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; second dimensional chromatographic column: Symmetry C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase: acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution（V/V=25∶75）, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Intermediate column: SBX 4-MA（resin, 3.0 mm×10 mm, 5µm）. The UV detection wavelength: 306 nm, the column temperature: 45 ℃, and the injection volume: 200 μl. Results The linear range of lamotrigine was 1.24-39.50 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.24 μg/ml, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml, the intra-day precision RSD was less than 5%, the day-to-day precision RSD was less than 10%, the variation of intra-day accuracy ranged from 102.17% to 111.17%, and the daytime accuracy variation ranged from 99.80% to 107.31% the recovery RSD was less than 5%, and the variation range was 89.95% -96.16%. After 24 hours storage at room temperature, repeated freezing and thawing for 3 times and storage at-40 ℃ for 2 weeks, the ratio of the measured value / labeled value ranged from 87.01% to 115.88%. Conclusion In this study, a method with simple operation, good stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility was established, which could be suitable for clinical monitoring of blood concentration of lamotrigine and provides reliable monitoring data support for clinical individualized medication guidance.
Objective To establish a central cutting two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the determination of lamotrigine in human plasma. Methods External standard method was used. The first dimensional chromatographic column: SNCB（T）-1A（silica gel, 4.6 mm×50 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase A:VCV-1D mobile phase, flow rate: 0.4 ml/min; mobile phase B: water, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; second dimensional chromatographic column: Symmetry C18 （4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm）, mobile phase: acetonitrile-10 mmol/L ammonium acetate solution（V/V=25∶75）, flow rate: 1.0 ml/min; Intermediate column: SBX 4-MA（resin, 3.0 mm×10 mm, 5µm）. The UV detection wavelength: 306 nm, the column temperature: 45 ℃, and the injection volume: 200 μl. Results The linear range of lamotrigine was 1.24-39.50 μg/ml, the lower limit of quantification was 1.24 μg/ml, the detection limit was 0.02 μg/ml, the intra-day precision RSD was less than 5%, the day-to-day precision RSD was less than 10%, the variation of intra-day accuracy ranged from 102.17% to 111.17%, and the daytime accuracy variation ranged from 99.80% to 107.31% the recovery RSD was less than 5%, and the variation range was 89.95% -96.16%. After 24 hours storage at room temperature, repeated freezing and thawing for 3 times and storage at-40 ℃ for 2 weeks, the ratio of the measured value / labeled value ranged from 87.01% to 115.88%. Conclusion In this study, a method with simple operation, good stability, high sensitivity and good reproducibility was established, which could be suitable for clinical monitoring of blood concentration of lamotrigine and provides reliable monitoring data support for clinical individualized medication guidance.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202405009
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Objective To screen small molecule inhibitors against Fusobacterium nucleatum（Fn） based on commercially available compound libraries, followed to investigate their anti-colorectal cancer activities under Fn intervention in order to obtain novel anti-colorectal cancer lead compounds. Methods Firstly, to validate the promotion of colorectal cancer proliferation on organoid by Fn. Secondly, comparative investigation for the effects of anti-Fn compounds on their in vitro anticancer activity under Fn’s co-incubation with colorectal cancer HCT116 cells. Finally, evaluation for in vivo anticancer efficacy of highly active compounds on nude mouse colon cancer HCT116 transplanted tumor under the intervention of Fn by gavage. Results Fn could significantly promote the proliferation of rectal cancer organoids. 9 ant-Fn active compounds could significantly enhance their in vitro anticancer activity under Fn’s co-incubation with HCT116 cells. Methotrexate had the strongest anti-cancer activity with IC50 as 0.03 μmol/L. The combined use of methotrexate（0.5 mg/kg）and PD-1（5.0 mg/kg）had a stronger anti-tumor effect than their standalone use. Conclusion As new small molecule inhibitor against Fn, methotrexate exhibits good in vitro and in vivo anti-colorectal cancer activity against HCT116 cells and nude mouse xenografts under Fn intervention. This lays the foundation for subsequent structural optimization, and is expected to expand the new indications for methotrexate.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402028
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It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx-001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx-001 entered phase III clinical trials. The data of the phase II clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx-001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.
It is difficult to treat malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and vascular diseases. For pathogenesis complexity of these diseases, researchers have focused on finding more drugs with high efficacy and low side effects. As a potential first-in-class drug, RRx-001 is expected to be an important first-line drug in tumor immunology, radiosensitizer and radio protecter. Currently, RRx-001 entered phase III clinical trials. The data of the phase II clinical trials demonstrated its safety and effectivity as a single agent and in combination with first-line clinical drugs. The novel mechanisms of RRx-001 and the result of main clinical trials were summarized, which could be valuable to further optimization and clinical application.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309009
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Objective To evaluate the curative effect of anti-flatulence laxative cream on patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and opioid-associated constipation（OIC）. Methods 120 patients with advanced liver cancer complicated with OIC who were treated at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University from June 2021 to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects. The patients were divided into a control group（lactulose + conventional treatment）and an experimental group（anti-flatulence and laxative cream + conventional treatment）using a randomized numerical table method. Two groups were compared in terms of defecation, quality of life, and comprehensive post-treatment evaluation（economic cost, number of occurrences of diarrhea, and whether or not there was a change in the dosage of opioids used）. Results After 28 days of intervention, both groups showed better results in relieving OIC（P < 0.05）, and the experimental group was significantly better than the control group in terms of the quality of life of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, the economic cost and the number of diarrhea（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In the treatment of OIC in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, constipation could be relieved by using both topical decongestant laxative cream and oral lactulose solution. Among them, anti-stagnation and laxative cream was more acceptable to patients and superior in terms of quality of life and economic cost, which could be a better choice for improving patient satisfaction and safety.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308065
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Piper nigrum L. is an evergreen climbing vine, which belongs to the genus Piperia in the Piperaceae family. Piper nigrum L., which known as the “king of spices”, is used as both food and medicine. The main active substances in Piper nigrum L. are alkaloids mainly composed of amides, and essential oil, as well as phenolic compounds. In this paper, the chemical compositions, especially amide alkaloids, and their biological activities of Piper nigrum L. were summarized. These studies showed that Piper nigrum L., as a medicinal and food plant, had a wide range of biological activities and was deserved further research and in-depth utilization.
Piper nigrum L. is an evergreen climbing vine, which belongs to the genus Piperia in the Piperaceae family. Piper nigrum L., which known as the “king of spices”, is used as both food and medicine. The main active substances in Piper nigrum L. are alkaloids mainly composed of amides, and essential oil, as well as phenolic compounds. In this paper, the chemical compositions, especially amide alkaloids, and their biological activities of Piper nigrum L. were summarized. These studies showed that Piper nigrum L., as a medicinal and food plant, had a wide range of biological activities and was deserved further research and in-depth utilization.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311021
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Objective To investigate the effect of Triptolide on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury (CIRI) and explore its molecular mechanism. Methods One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low, medium, high dose of triptolide group and butylphthalide group, with 24 rats in each group. The CIRI rat model was established by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours. 3 days before modeling, the rats in each group were ip administration once a day. 24 hours after reperfusion, the neurological deficit score was detected, the rate of cerebral infarction was measured by TTC staining, the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was detected by EB penetration test. The pathological changes neurons in the ischemic penumbra cortex were observed by HE and TUNEL staining. The content of inflammatory factors in ischemic cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA method. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit score, cerebral infarction rate and EB content in the Triptolide middle, high dose groups and the Butylphthalide group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The pathological changes of cortical neurons in the ischemic penumbra were significantly improved, and the apoptosis rate of neurons was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The content of TNF-α, IL-1β and the expression of TLR4, p-NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax were significantly decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The regulatory effect of the high dose triptolide group on various detection indexes were better than that of the Butylphthalide group (P<0.05). Conclusion Triptolide could protect the permeability of BBB, improve the neurological deficit and neuropathy in CIRI rats, and reduce the rate of cerebral infarction, its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and which mediated inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309037
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Corn silk, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has the effect of calming liver, cholagogue, detumescence and diuresis. Corn silk is also widely used as tea and functional food. Natural flavonoids have multiple biological activities, which are also the main bioactive components of corn silk. In the past decade, many new advances have been made in the chemistry, analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluation of corn silk flavonoids. The chemical composition research of flavonoids has enriched the quantity of flavonoids in corn silk. Pharmacological studies have confirmed and expanded the efficacy of corn silk flavonoids. And safety evaluation has provided a theoretical basis for the safe application of corn silk flavonoids. Through literature search, the extraction, separation, compositional analysis, content determination, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics, and safety research progress of corn silk flavonoids in the past ten years were reviewed in this paper.
Corn silk, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has the effect of calming liver, cholagogue, detumescence and diuresis. Corn silk is also widely used as tea and functional food. Natural flavonoids have multiple biological activities, which are also the main bioactive components of corn silk. In the past decade, many new advances have been made in the chemistry, analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluation of corn silk flavonoids. The chemical composition research of flavonoids has enriched the quantity of flavonoids in corn silk. Pharmacological studies have confirmed and expanded the efficacy of corn silk flavonoids. And safety evaluation has provided a theoretical basis for the safe application of corn silk flavonoids. Through literature search, the extraction, separation, compositional analysis, content determination, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics, and safety research progress of corn silk flavonoids in the past ten years were reviewed in this paper.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309040
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Objective To analyze the effect of hypoproteinemia on the use of cefoperazone in patients, and provide references for the rational use of cefoperazone in clinical practice. Methods Clinical data of patients with cefoperazone blood concentration monitoring in our hospital from July 2021 to March 2022 were collected, and divided into low albumin group and normal albumin group according to different albumin concentration. Statistical analysis were conducted based on gender, age, laboratory examination, cefoperazone valley concentration and clinical efficacy of the two groups. Results Age, gender, inflammation and liver function of two groups had not shown statistical difference (P>0.05). Low protein group had significantly higher levels of creatinine than those in group with normal albumin (P<0.05). The trough concentration of cefoperazone in the low protein group was 46.29±36.94 mg/L, and that in the normal albumin group was 38.18±33.79 mg/L. Among the low protein patient group, the plasma concentration of cefoperazone in those treated with human albumin was significantly higher than that in the patients without human albumin treatment (P<0.05). Comparison of the clinical efficacy of the two groups revealed that the low protein group had a lower clinical response rate (P<0.05). Conclusion Supplementation of human serum albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia could increase the plasma concentration of cefoperazone, and correcting hypoproteinemia could be helpful for anti-infection treatment.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308034
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Objective To observe the effect of Huoxin Pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Methods 120 Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure who received emergency interventional treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were randomly divided into Western medicine treatment group and Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM）comprehensive treatment group. Western medicine treatment: standard Western medicine treatment + five prescriptions for cardiac rehabilitation; Based on Western medicine treatment, Huaxin pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin therapy was added to the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and the follow-up was 6 months. The observed indexes were exertion angina pectoris scale, Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale, Chinese medicine syndrome treatment effect evaluation, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and brain natriuretic peptide precursor (pro-BNP). Results Sixty patients were enrolled in the two groups respectively. During the treatment, 2 cases fell off in the Western medicine treatment group and 8 cases fell off in the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and a total of 110 cases were enrolled in the group. Compared with the western treatment group, TCM combined therapy significantly improved angina pectoris scale score, TCM Syndrome Scale score, pro-BNP, LVEF and 6MWT (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood routine, liver and kidney function, potassium, blood glucose, blood lipids and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) between the two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse cardiovascular events occurred during the entire treatment period in both groups. Conclusion Huaxin Pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin was more effective than Western therapy in improving LVEF, 6MWT distance, exercise tolerance and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202305008
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Objective To explore the protective effect of Rongmu Fugan Formula on ANIT induced cholestasis liver injury in mice. Methods 8-week old SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 mice in each group which were the blank control group (normal saline gavage), the model control group (normal saline gavage), the low (gavage dose:5.25 g/kg ) group, the medium (11.25 g/kg) group and the high (20.25 g/kg) group of Rongmu Fugan Formula, the positive control (Ursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA,0.1 g/kg). Mice were administered with continuous gavage once a day, for 7 consecutive days. On the 5th day, the blank normal control group was given an equal amount of olive oil by gavage, all other groups were given ANIT (65 mg/kg) by gavage for modeling. After 48 hours of modeling, 30 minutes after the last administration of each group of mice, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for testing of various indicators. The corresponding kits were used to detect the content of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acid (TBA),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase（γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in peripheral blood of mice, respectively. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver of mice. Results Compared with the model group, each dose group of Rongmu Fugan Formula reduced the levels of ALT, AST, AKP, TBA, TBIL,γ-GT and MDA (P<0.05) significantly, markedly increased the levels of SOD and GSH-PX (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-dose and high-dose groups of Rongmu Fugan Formula showed a decrease in liver cell vacuolar degeneration and reduction in inflammatory infiltration. In the medium dose group, the vacuolar degeneration of liver cells was significantly reduced, the inflammatory infiltration was significantly improved, the liver cells were arranged in cords, and the structure of lobules of liver was intact. Conclusion Rongmu Fugan Formula could improve serum biochemical indicators of liver injury, reduce jaundice and eliminate oxidative free radicals, thereby exerting a protective effect against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202204094
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Objective To study the compliance and influencing factors of inhalation therapy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and carry out patient education and management accordingly. Methods COPD patients were selected from Respiratory Clinic of Luodian Hospital of Baoshan District of Shanghai from June to December of 2021. Compliance and inhalation techniques were assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the ten-step inhalation technique, and the factors influencing compliance were analyzed. Results A total of 58 outpatients with COPD were included, in which 25 cases (43.1%) with moderate or above compliance. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with course of disease ≥5 years, CAT(COPD assessment test)≥10 points, used 2 inhalation devices and inhalation technique score ≥8 points had better compliance when compared with other patients (P<0.05). Conclusion Patient education and management should be carried out actively. The patients with course of disease<5 years, CAT<10 points should be highly concerned. The patients' ability to use inhalation devices and personal preference should be fully considered. Training on the use of devices should be strengthened and regularly follow-up evaluation should be carried out.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306028
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Objective To analyze chemical constituents of compound Maxing Shigan decoction by ultra-high perfor-mance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). Methods The separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 µm), with a gradient elution applying 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The column temperature was 40 °C. The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min and the analysis time was 15 min. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were collected in both positive and negative ESI ion modes. Results Through UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis and reference validation, a total of 59 chemical components in Maxing Shigan decoction were identified. Conclusion In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was established to identify the chemical components of Maxing Shigan decoction. This method is simple, efficient, sensitive and accurate, and provides a basis for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Maxing Shigan decoction. It can provide data reference for the optimization of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202208115
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Objective To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia based on the network pharmacological method and provide a reference for the clinical application of classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions. Methods Through TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, the main chemical components and their targets of the TCM prescription of Shenling Baizhu powder were obtained, and the active components of the TCM were screened according to ADME. The main targets of cancer cachexia were obtained through OMIM, Genecards, Disgenet and DRUGBANK databases, and protein interaction analysis was conducted using String platform to build a PPI network. The “drug active ingredient target” network of Shenling Baizhu powder was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and then the biological processes and pathways involved were analyzed by using Metascape platform. Finally, molecular docking verification was conducted by Discovery Studio. Results The core active ingredients of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia are quercetin, kaempferol, pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, etc. The core targets are AKT1, TP53, TNF, IL-6, MAPK3, CASP3, JUN, CTNNB1, HIF1A, EGFR, etc. The molecular docking test also showed that the top 10 active ingredients, such as pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, had good binding activities with most of the target sites. The biological pathway of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia is mainly to regulate tumor related pathway, metabolism related pathway, inflammatory factors and appetite related pathway. Conclusion This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism of action of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia with multi components, multi targets and multi pathways, which provided a basis for the clinical development and utilization of Shenling Baizhu powder.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202307034
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Objective To investigate the potential mechanism of nicotinamide combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans based on metabolomics. Methods The intracellular metabolites of C. albicans intervened by different drugs including NAM, AmB, and their combination with a proper concentration were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differential metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis and identified by searching the NIST database. Results Compared with the control group, the NAM intervention group was hardly separated from it, while the AmB group and NAM+AmB group showed a clear trend separation. Under the intervention of AmB, 23 metabolites significantly changed compared with the control group, and 28 metabolites remarkably changed after NAM+AmB intervention, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and other components. Conclusion NAM, as an endogenous metabolite of C. albicans, combined with AmB could enhance the effects of AmB in the original metabolic pathway and changed it to a certain extent. It is speculated that AmB combined with NAM may pose more antifungal effect on Candida albicans by regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle, interfering with amino acid metabolism and influencing polyamine synthesis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
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, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309021
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Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303006
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Objective Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway. Methods Sixty male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxia model group, Rhodiola capsule group: 400 mg/kg, low, medium and high dose groups of Lishukang capsule: 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, with 10 mice in each group. The normal control group was fed at the local altitude (1500m) after 7 days of intragastric administration in each group, and the rest groups were fed at the low pressure and hypoxia animal experimental cabin to simulate the altitude of 7500 m for hypoxia for 3 days. During this period, the normal control group and the hypoxia model group were given normal saline once a day, and 1 hour after the last administration, the eight arm maze was used to test the spatial memory ability of mice under simulated high altitude hypoxia; HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in mice; Western blot was used to detect the changes of protein content of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and apoptosis related protein in hippocampus of mice. Results Compared with the normal control group, the spatial memory ability of mice in the hypoxia model group was significantly impaired (P<0.01); HE staining showed that hippocampal neurons in mice were seriously injured; the content of brain tissue Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 increased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia model group, the error rate of mice in the high dose group of Lishukang capsule in the eight arm maze behavior experiment was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01); HE staining showed that the neurons were arranged orderly and the cell morphology was good; the content of Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 decreased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 increased (P<0.01). Conclusion High altitude hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress injury in mice and induce the expression of apoptosis related genes, thus aggravating the cognitive dysfunction of mice; Lishukang capsule can effectively improve the learning and memory impairment in mice caused by hypoxia, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and reducing apoptosis.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202112011
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Objective To determine the content of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum and test the pharmacodynamic effect of them on rats with experimental myocardial ischemia induced by injection of pituitrin. Methods The content of five alkaloids was determined simultaneously by HPLC. The experimental myocardial ischemia in rats was induced by injection of pituitrin, and the absolute value of T wave change and change of heart rate before and after model establishment were chosen to be the observation index. The effects of large, medium and small dose groups were evaluated. Results Three batches of samples were analyzed, with the contents of piperine for 56.1%, 49.7%, 51.6%; N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)octadecatrienamide for 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.3%; guineensine for 0.46%, 0.38%, 0.40%; piplartine for 1.73%, 1.67%, 1.70% and piperamide for 0.55%, 0.46%, 0.49%, respectively. All dose groups from extracts of piper longum had significantly reduced the absolute value of T wave and almost have no effect on the change of heart rate, except the high dose group showed the effect of reducing heart rate at some time . Conclusion The HPLC method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum. It was shown that extracts of piper longum had good bioactivity in anti-myocardial ischemia.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202402034
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Objective To analyze the effectiveness of reasonable control measures for prophylactic use of antibiotics for urinary system lithotripsy. Methods By carrying out special rectification activities on rational use of antibiotics, strengthening special comments on antibiotics and information notification on rational use of antibiotics, adding and improving the pre-review rules for antibiotics prescriptions, conducting in-depth clinical training and consultation by clinical pharmacists, strengthening innovation in rational use of drugs, and taking various measures to actively improve rational use of prophylactic antibiotics of lithotripsy in urology department, the changes of indexes related to antibiotics in urology department from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed. Results After active and reasonable control, Antibiotics Use Density in urology department decreased year by year. The utilization rate of antibiotics in inpatients decreased from 94.27% in 2019 to 77.47% in 2022. Various rate of microbial inspection reached the standard in 2022; The imipenem and cilastatin sodium for injection ranking of prophylactic use of antibiotics consumption DDDs for urinary system lithotripsy decreased from the 4th place in 2019 to the 8th place in 2022. The ranking of the urology department on carbapenem consumption DDDs in the whole hospital decreased from the 8th place in 2019 to the 12th place in 2022. At the same time, the incidence of urinary tract lithotripsy postoperative infection showed a decreasing trend year by year, from 0.84% in 2019 to 0.49% in 2022. Conclusion Positive control measures can promote the rational use of prophylactic antibiotics for urinary system lithotripsy.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312009
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Objective Compared with traditional powder injection, the advantages of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products were comprehensively evaluated. Methods The systematic review method was used to collect the literature on powder-liquid double-chamber bag, extract common evaluation indicators, evaluate the use value of powder-liquid double-chamber bag products, and conduct a comprehensive comparison with traditional powder injection products. Results A total of 23 articles were included in the literature. The effectiveness indicators used for evaluation were the stability of the liquid medicine, the accuracy of the preparation concentration, and the residual amount of the liquid medicine; the safety indicators were the incidence of insoluble particles and the incidence of punctures and scratches. The economic indicators were preparation cost, occupied volume of preparation supplies, waste weight, hospitalization cost and incidence of blood infection. The applicability indicators were preparation time, average occupation of medical staff, packaging weight and storage and transportation volume, environmental adaptability, and ease of waste disposal. Accessibility indicators are the number of manufacturers, raw material supply capacity, and patient affordability. Through the rapid evaluation of literature evidence, it was found that the stability and concentration accuracy of the powder-liquid double-chamber bag were higher than those of the traditional powder injection, and the domestic supply had been achieved. The double-chamber bag method can reduce the infusion reaction and shorten the preparation time of the liquid medicine. Conclusion Compared with traditional powder injectabler products, powder-liquid double-chamber bags have advantages in the dimensions of effectiveness, safety, economy, suitability and innovation, and the accessibility dimension meets the requirements.
, Available online , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310021
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Objective To establish quality evaluation method of Andrographis paniculata standard decoction by UPLC. Methods 21 batches of Andrographis paniculata standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardization method of TCM decoction pieces. The UPLC characteristic chromatograms analysis method was established. With andrographolide as a reference, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker（QAMS）was established for new neoandrographolide, 14 deoxyandrographolide and dehydrated andrographolide and the results were compared with the external standard method（ESM）to determine the accuracy of the method. Results Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM（2012 edition）was used to analyze and compare the characteristic chromatograms, and seven common peaks were determined and five were identified including luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide, andrographolide, neoandrographolide, 14-deoxyandrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. The RSDs of content results of each component by QAMS and ESM were all within 3%. Conclusion The determination method is reliable and accurate, which can be used to reflect the intrinsic quality of Andrographis paniculata standard decoction more comprehensively and provide the basis for the quality evaluation of Andrographis paniculata formula granules and other preparations.
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