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Latest Articles

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Original articles
Study on the potential mechanism of JQQSG for the treatment of CAP based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
CHEN Jintao, XU Ling, ZHANG Yijun, ZHENG Yuejuan, HE Zongyang, LIU Liangshan, MA Minghua, ZHANG Ruoxi, WANG Zhenwei, NIAN Hua
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312014
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the possible mechanism of action of Jinqi Qingshu granules(JQQSG)in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP)using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology.   Methods  The TCMSP database and SwissTargetPrediction database were used to obtain and screen the active ingredients and targets of JQQSG, and GeneCards, OMIM, TTD, and DisGeNET databases were used to search for the predicted targets of CAP, and the two targets were mapped and then imported into STRING database to construct a PPI network to screen the key targets, and then analyzed the GO and KEGG pathway enrichment by using the DAVID database, and carried out molecular docking by using the AutoDock Tools software.   Results  209 active ingredients and 1041 targets of JQQSG were obtained after screening; 312 targets were co-activated with CAP, and 64 core targets were obtained after PPI network screening. 571 biological processes, 68 cellular components, and 199 molecular functions were analyzed by GO enrichment, and 165 KEGG pathways were analyzed by KEGG pathway enrichment. Mainly involved in protein action, apoptosis and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking suggests that the core target and the core components all have good binding ability.   Conclusion  The mechanism of action of JQQSG in the treatment of CAP may be related to its regulation of Akt、MAPK signaling pathway, improvement of oxidative stress, and other pathways to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, which lays the foundation for further in-depth study of its specific mechanism of action.
Construction and validation of a mouse model with systemic overexpression of human METRNL gene
WANG Xuelian, ZHENG Sili, LI Zhiyong, LUO Hengyu, MIAO Chaoyu
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311014
Abstract:
  Objective  To generate mice with whole-body overexpression of human METRNL gene.   Methods  Based on Cre-loxP system, Dppa3-Cre mice were mated with Rosa26-LSL-METRNL knock-in mice(R26-LSL-METRNL+/-)to generate R26-L-METRNL+/- mice. The genotypes of the offsprings were identified, and tissues of the blood, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain, white adipose and muscle were collected. The expression of human METRNL gene in mice was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.   Results  Compared with wild type control mice, human METRNL in R26-L-METRNL+/- mice significantly expressed at both mRNA and protein levels in tissues, with abundant METRNL protein in blood.   Conclusion  The mouse model overexpressing human METRNL gene(R26-L-METRNL+/- mouse)was successfully constructed.
Analysis of tissue distribution of metabolites in Crocus sativus L. corms based on DESI mass spectrometry imaging technique
CHEN Xi, XIE Xingguang, FENG Kunmiao, LU Yingjie, HAN Ting
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310055
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the distribution characteristics of endogenous metabolites in Crocus sativus L. corms from different origins.   Methods  A method based on desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging and optimized sample pretreatment was developed for directly visualize metabolites in C. sativus corms.   Results  In situ characterization of metabolites such as flavonoids, organic acids, amino acids, carotenoids, and cyclic enol ether terpene glycosides was achieved. L-Citruline, phenylacetylglycine, sativol, and geniposide were specifically distributed in the corms. Apigenin 7-(6''-O-acetyl)-glucoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside, dhurrin 6'-glucoside, and Apigenin 7-O-diglucuronide were mainly distributed in the terminal bud. For compounds distributed in the corms, the highest abundance was found in corms from Shanghai, followed by Zhejiang and the lowest from Anhui.   Conclusion  The distribution of metabolites in different parts of C. sativus corms from different origins and the same origin varied significantly. Flavonoids and flavonoid derivatives such as isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside and apigenin derivatives were mainly distributed in the terminal buds, in addition, the natural plant protection agent dhurrin 6'-glucoside is also mainly distributed in the terminal corms, whereas amino acids, which are used as energy and material supplies, were mainly accumulated in the corms.
Potential mechanism of Babao Dan in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology
ZHU Xinyu, BAI Haoran, ZHAO Naping, QI Dachuan, QIAN Jianxin, WEI Lixin, ZHANG Li
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202401061
Abstract:
  Objective   To explore the potential mechanism of Babao Dan on primary liver cancer based on network pharmacology.   Methods   First, the diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma rat(HCC)model was used to observe the effects of Babao Dan. Then, the effective components in Babao Dan were detected by UPLC-MS, and the potential target sites of these effective components were predicted in the Swiss Target Prediction databases, etc. The corresponding target sites for HCC were screened using GeneCards, OMIM and Therapeutic Target Database, and the common target sites between Babao Dan and HCC were obtained after getting the intersection. The protein-protein interaction network was drawn by Cytoscape software and the STRING database, and the key molecules regulating HCC by Babao Dan were screened out. The effective target sites were subjected to GO analysis in the DAVID database and enrichment analysis in the Pathway's KEGG. Finally, the clinical relevance of key molecules to liver cancer patients was verified by the TCGA database.   Results  Babao Dan could slow down the tumor development. 851 chemical components were detected in BaBao Dan by UPLC-MS , 9 major active components and 285 target sites were identified. 637 hepatocellular carcinoma-related targets were screened out, and 16 targets of Babao Dan regulating HCC were identified. GO enrichment analysis showed 802 biological processes, 11 cell compositions, and 43 molecular functions, while KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified a total of 90 pathways. Correlation analysis of TCGA identified three key molecules associated with the survival of liver cancer patients.   Conclusion   In the primary rat liver cancer model, Babao Dan was found to significantly prolong the survival of cancer-induced rats and reduce tumor burden. The initial prediction of the mechanism by which Babao Dan regulating liver cancer was made through UPLC-MS analysis and network pharmacology methods, which were further validated in clinical patients, indicating that Babao Dan has the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target regulation of primary liver cancer, which provided a reference for further relevant experimental research.
Progress on pharmaceutical characteristics of potassium-competitive acid blocker
WANG Yaozhen, XU Can, LV Shunli, TIAN Jing, ZHANG Dongwei
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306040
Abstract:
As a new class of acid inhibitors, potassium-competitive acid blocker(P-CAB)inhibits the conformational transition of H+, K+-ATPase with subsequent suppression of H+, K+ exchange by binding reversibly near the K+ binding site of H+, K+-ATPase, which results in the inhibition of gastric acid secretion in a K+-competitive manner. The unique structure and novel mechanism of P-CAB contribute to the pharmaceutical characteristics superior to PPI, making it a new alternative for acid-related diseases(ARDs). Progress on pharmaceutical characteristics of P-CAB were reviewed in this paper.
Efficacy and mechanism of Astragaloside IV derivative on chronic heart failure in mice
JING Kai, YANG Cirong, ZHANG Zhen, ZANG Yibei, LIU Xia
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310004
Abstract:
  Objective  To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of astragaloside IV derivatives for chronic heart failure, and screen the candidate compounds; and to preliminarily explore the mechanism of the candidate compound HHQ16 against heart failure.   Methods  Chronic heart failure was induced by left anterior descending artery ligation in C57BL/6 mice for 4 weeks, and the mice were divided into sham group, model group, positive control captopril group, and astragaloside IV derivatives group. After continuous intragastric administration for four weeks, the cardiac function was detected by echocardiography, and the optimal astragaloside IV derivative HHQ16 was selected for the treatment of heart failure. The preliminary mechanism for HHQ16 was further explored. The size of heart was observed by gross morphology; pathological changes were observed by HE staining; collagen deposition in the myocardium was observed by Masson staining; protein levels of myocardial fibrosis indexes Col1, Col3, and αSMA were detected by immunohistochemical staining, and mRNA levels of myocardial fibrosis indexes Col1, Col3, αSMA, and TGF-β1 were determined by qPCR technique.   Results  All astragaloside IV derivatives significantly improved cardiac function with increasing LVEF% and LVFS%, of which HHQ was the optimal compound. Compared with the model group, the heart volume of HHQ16 group was significantly reduced; myocardial hypertrophy was reduced; collagen deposition in myocardial tissues was reduced; and myocardial fibrosis indexes, Col1, Col3, αSMA and TGF-β1 mRNA levels, as well as the protein levels of Col1, Col3 and αSMA were significantly reduced.   Conclusion  HHQ16 is an optimal astragaloside IV derivative for the treatment of chronic heart failure in mice, which could improve cardiac function by improving myocardial remodeling, and inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis.
Insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone increases blood METRNL protein
XU Fei, CHEN Jin, LI Zhiyong
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308053
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone on blood METRNL levels.   Methods  After fed with high fat diet (HFD) for 3 months, obese mice were treated with rosiglitazone for 1 month. Glucose tolerance was tested with glucose tolerance test (GTT), and METRNL levels in blood were measured by ELISA. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of METRNL in various tissues such as muscle, liver, white fat, brown fat, brain, spleen and kidney, as well as the expression of mitochondrial proteins in brown adipose tissue.   Results  Glucose tolerance of animals fed a high-fat diet was improved in rosiglitazone group, and blood METRNL levels were also increased significantly in this group. rosiglitazone treatment increased the expression of METRNL in brown fat and kidney tissue, and affected muscle, liver, and white fat. There was no effect on METRNL expression in, brain, and spleen; Rosiglitazone treatment increased the expression of mitochondrial-associated proteins in brown adipose tissue.   Conclusion  The insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone may increase the serum METRNL level by increasing the METRNL expression in brown fat and kidney tissue, suggesting that METRNL may be involved in the therapeutic effect of rosiglitazone on diabetes.
The roles of Bajitianwan formula on Aβ-injured osteoblasts and the mechanism based on network pharmacology
JIANG Tao, XU Weifan, JIANG Yiping, XIA Tianshuang, XIN Hailiang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202305011
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the effect of Bajitianwan(BJTW)formula on bone formation of Aβ-injured osteoblasts and its mechanism.   Methods  Osteoblasts isolated from neonatal 24-hour Wistar rats were used for the study, and osteoblasts were subjected to damage with Aβ1-42 oligomers, and pharmacological intervention was performed with the aqueous extract of BJTW formula. The MTT assay, alkaline phosphatase(ALP)activity assay, catalase(CAT)activity assay, superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity assay, glutathione(GSH)activity assay and malondialdehyde(MDA)activity assay were carried out respectively. The expression levels of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP2), osteogenic specific transcription factor(RUNX-2)and osteoprotective protein(OPG)were detected by Western blotting. After confirming the effect of BJTW formula on Aβ-injured osteoblasts, the network pharmacology method was used to predict the potential pathways.   Results  The BJTW formula significantly promoted the proliferation of Aβ-injured osteoblasts, increased ALP, SOD and GSH activity, inhibited MDA activity, and promoted the expression of bone formation-related proteins BMP2, RUNX-2 and OPG. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the effect of ameliorating of Aβ-injured osteoblasts by BJTW formula was mainly mediated by AGE-RAGE, PI3K-Akt, MAPK and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathways.   Conclusion  In this study, the effect of BJTW formula on improving the osteoblasts damaged by Aβ is confirmed for the first time, and its related mechanism is explored based on network pharmacology method. The results lay a strong foundation for the clinical application of traditional formula BJTW against osteoporosis.
Effects of MT-1207 on blood glucose, blood lipids and atherosclerosis
ZHANG Xiuping, TIAN Jiasheng, WANG Daoxin, LI Jiaxin, WANG Pin, MIAO Chaoyu
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306011
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the effect of MT-1207 on blood glucose, blood lipids and atherosclerosis.   Methods  The apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE−/-) mice were fed with normal feed, drug feed containing losartan and drug feed containing MT-1207 at a dosage of 30 mg/kg. The body weight, blood glucose and blood lipids were detected, and the plaque area of atherosclerotic was evaluated. 8-week-old male C57 mice were fed a high fat diet and given intragastric administration of MT-1207 and losartan at a dose of 30 mg/kg per day. The body weight, blood glucose and lipids levels were also examined to further evaluate the effects of MT-1207 on blood glucose and lipids levels.   Results  ApoE−/- mice treated with MT-1207 feed and losartan feed gained weight faster. The blood glucose and lipids levels didn’t improve significantly and the plaque area of atherosclerosis didn’t change significantly. MT-1207 and losartan had no significant improvement effect on blood glucose and blood lipids of C57 mice.   Conclusion  MT-1207 and losartan couldn’t improve the levels of blood glucose, blood lipids and atherosclerosis, and couldn’t aggravate atherosclerosis.
Study on spectrum-effect relationship based on antioxidant activity of Artemisiae Annuae Herba
LAI Liyong, XIA Tianshuang, XU Shengyan, JIANG Yiping, YUE Xiaoqiang, XIN Hailiang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202211012
Abstract:
  Objective  To screen the pharmacodynamic material basic components of Artemisiae Annuae Herba and study its antioxidant activity in vitro by investigating the spectrum-effect relationship between the HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of Artemisiae Annuae Herba (dried aerial part of Artemisia annua L.).   Methods   The determination was performed on Aglient C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase consisted of 0.2% phosphoric acid solution-Methanol (gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The column temperature was indoor temperature, and detection wavelength was 220 nm, with sample size of 10 μl. Using isochlorogenic acid A as reference, HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of samples were determined. The common peaks of 11 batches of samples were identified and recorded through TCM chromatographic fingerprint similarity evaluation system (2012 edition). Using scavenging rate of DPPH and ABTS free radical as pharmacodynamic indicators of antioxidant effects, SIMCA 14.1 analysis software was used for PLSR to establish the spectra-effect relationship.   Results   There were 48 common peaks on 11 batches of sample, 11 components were identified as scopoletin, scoparone, isochlorogenic acid B, A, C, luteolin, apigenin, chrysosplenetin, artemisinin, artemisetin and artemisinic acid. The scavenging activity of 11 batches of samples to DPPH and ABTS free radicals was detected. The spectrum-effect relationship showed that isochlorogenic acid A, B, C and scoparone were positively associated with its antioxidant capacity, and variable projection value was greater than 1. It is suggested that these components are the material basis of antioxidant effect in Artemisiae Annuae Herba.   Conclusion   This study investigates the antioxidant capacity of different substances in Artemisiae Annuae Herba in vitro, and proves that isochlorogenic acid B, A, C and scoparone play a major role for the antioxidant capacity.
Prediction of characteristic chromatogram for Abri herba based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
ZHANG Chengzhong, ZHU Xueyan, BU Qitao, WANG Hongrui, HUANG Baokang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303048
Abstract(221) HTML (105) PDF (3480KB)(5)
Abstract:
  Objective  To predict the potential Q-markers of Abri herba based on network pharmacology and molecular docking and to establish a quality control characteristic.   Methods  The network relationship of "Abri herba - component - target - pathway" was constructed by using a variety of databases and the method of network pharmacology. The potential Q-markers of Abri herba were predicted and then the characteristic Chromatogram of Abri herba was established by high performance liquid chromatography   Results  Through the network pharmacological prediction, it was found that the components of abrine hypaphorine、schaftoside in Abri herba were closely associated with the main targets, such as AKT1, STAT3, HIF1A, GRB2, MMP9, which could act on HIF-1, PI3K-Akt, JAK-STAT and other signaling pathways and have good pharmacological activities to be potential Q-markers of Abri herba. Then HPLC was used to establish the characteristic according to retention time.   Conclusion  Through network pharmacology and molecular dock-prediction combined with HPLC detection, the characteristic chromatogram was established with the components of abrine hypaphorine, schaftoside as Q-markers, which could control the quality of Abri herba by combining the components and pharmacological activities.
Correlation between immune related adverse reactions in patients treated with pembrolizumab and Traditional Chinese Medicine constitution
TANG Shuhui, FENG Meijuan, XUE Zhixia, LU Guihua
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311029
Abstract(133) HTML (71) PDF (880KB)(2)
Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the correlation between the immune related adverse (irAEs) reactions in patients treated with pembrolizumab and traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution.   Methods  : A total of 110 patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer for the first time were selected. When receiving pembrolizumab immunotherapy for the first time, a general information questionnaire, a TCM constitution classification and judgment scale, an immune related adverse reaction follow-up record book, and a patient's self-perception diary were used to investigate and analyze the TCM syndrome and adverse reactions of the patients.   Results  Among non-small cell lung cancer patients, there were more than four Traditional Chinese Medicine constitutions, with 48 cases (43.64%) having a calm constitution, 20 cases (18.18%) having a biased constitution, 30 cases (27.27%) having a yang deficiency constitution, and 12 cases (10.91%) having a yin deficiency constitution. Qi deficiency and Yang deficiency are more prone to fatigue, while Yang deficiency is more prone to rash; Qi deficiency and Yin deficiency are more prone to itching; Yang deficiency is more prone to diarrhea; Non-small cell lung cancer patients with mild constitution are less prone to immune related adverse reactions.   Conclusion  TCM constitution is related to irAEs, which could predict the occurrence of immune related adverse reactions from the perspective of TCM constitution and intervene in adverse reactions early.
Establishment of mouse model of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabine
WANG Peng, CHEN Shun, GAO Shouhong, ZHAO Yi, WANG Zhipeng
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308045
Abstract:
  Objective  Hand-foot syndrome is a dose-limiting toxicity of capecitabine. At present, there is no unified gold standard for the establishment of hand-foot syndrome model. To induce hand-foot syndrome and provide a reference for the establishment of hand-foot syndrome model by administering capecitabine in ICR mice   Methods  42 male ICR mice were randomly divided into control group (6 mice) and experimental group (36 mice). The experimental group was given capecitabine (275 mg/kg, twice/d) by intragastric administration for two weeks, and the control group was given 0.5% CMC-Na (4 ml/kg, twice/d), and evaluating whether the animal model of hand-foot syndrome was successfully constructed through H&E staining of mouse foot skin samples and observing morphological changes and the characteristic appearance of mouse foot skin. After the experiment, the mice were sacrificed, and plasma was collected to quantify the concentrations of capecitabine and metabolites.   Results  Control mice did not showed symptoms of hand-foot syndrome. The skin of the feet of 19 mice in the experimental group showed symptoms such as erythema and swelling, and H&E staining results showed that the plantar skin angular epidermis was thickened, and part of the keratin was exfoliated and damaged, which was considered to be hand-foot syndrome. There were no significant differences in the concentrations of capecitabine and its metabolites between mice with and without hand-foot syndrome.   Conclusion  The model of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabine in mice is successfully established. Differences in exposure levels of capecitabine and metabolites may not be the cause of hand-foot syndrome.
Study on antifungal effect of demethylzelamaldehyde in vitro
HAN Lei, ZHONG Hua, WANG Xinrong, WANG Yan
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202310011
Abstract:
  Objective  To study the antifungal effect of demethylzelamaldehyde in vitro.   Methods  The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of demethylzeylasteral and fluconazole against 23 fungal strains were determined by micro liquid dilution method. The synergistic index (FICI) of the two drugs was determined using a checkerboard micro liquid dilution method. The synergistic effect of the combination of the two drugs was visually verified by paper diffusion experiments. Finally, the cytotoxicity of demethylzelamaldehyde was determined by CCK-8 method.   Results   Demethylzelamaldehyde showed a broad spectrum of antifungal activity when used alone, with MICs ranging from 4 g/L to 32 g/L. When combined with fluconazole, the effective concentration of fluconazole could be reduced from over 64 g/L to 0.25 g/L, with FICI values ranging from 0.129 to 0.254, indicating the synergistic effect of the two drugs. The CCK-8 results showed that demethylzeylasteral exhibited cytotoxicity only at concentrations four times higher than the MIC value.   Conclusion   Demethylzelamaldehyde exhibits good antifungal effect and synergistic effect with fluconazole, and its toxicity is low.
Upregulation of hepatokine ORM to ameliorate hepatocyte lipid accumulation by Astragaloside derivative HHQ16
LI Xiang, DAI Xianmin, LIU Xia, SUN Yang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309026
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect and mechanism of HHQ 16, a derivative of astragaloside IV, on hepatocyte lipid accumulation.   Methods  Free fatty acids were used to stimulate lipid hepatocyte accumulation. Triglyceride and Oil Red O staining were detected to reflect hepatocyte lipid accumulation. The expression of hepatokine ORM and its regulators were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. The expression of ORM1 was interfered with siRNA to determine whether it mediated the action of HHQ16.The expression of ORM1 was interfered with siRNA to determine whether it mediated the action of HHQ16.   Results  HHQ16 significantly ameliorated FFA-induced hepatocyte lipid deposition. HHQ16 elevated ORM expression, and the protective effect of HHQ16 on hepatocyte lipid accumulation was reversed by ORM interference.   Conclusion  HHQ16 could ameliorate hepatocyte lipid accumulation by elevating ORM.
Genotoxicity evaluation of HMS-01
CHEN Yi, LI Xiang, LIU Xia, SUN Yang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308061
Abstract(163) HTML (83) PDF (869KB)(1)
Abstract:
  Objective   To provide a toxicological basis for HMS-01 in future clinical trials, through genotoxicity testing of safety evaluation.   Methods   The genotoxicity of HMS-01 was evaluated by Bacterial Reverse Mutation Assay (Ames test) using Salmonella typhimurium.   Results   HMS-01 was non-mutagenic against Salmonella typhimurium at six doses of 20.6, 61.7, 185.2, 555.6, 1666.7, and 5000 μg/dish with (or without) a metabolic activation system (S9).   Conclusion   HMS-01 is not found to be mutagenic in the dose range of this experiment.
Research on the chemical compositions and their biological activities of Piper nigrum L.
GAO Xing, ZHAO Fengping, WANG Wentao, TIAN Wei, ZHENG Canhui, CHEN Xin
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308065
Abstract(192) HTML (185) PDF (1638KB)(7)
Abstract:
Piper nigrum L. is an evergreen climbing vine, which belongs to the genus Piperia in the Piperaceae family. Piper nigrum L., which known as the “king of spices”, is used as both food and medicine. The main active substances in Piper nigrum L. are alkaloids mainly composed of amides, and essential oil, as well as phenolic compounds. In this paper, the chemical compositions, especially amide alkaloids, and their biological activities of Piper nigrum L. were summarized. These studies showed that Piper nigrum L., as a medicinal and food plant, had a wide range of biological activities and was deserved further research and in-depth utilization.
Therapeutic effect of Xiaofeng Zhiyang Keli on acute itching in mice with atopic dermatitis by decreasing Leukotriene
DING Huamin, GUO Yuchen, QIN Chunxia, SONG Zhibing, SUN Lili
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306031
Abstract:
  Objective  To establish a mice model of atopic dermatitis with acute itching and investigate the antipruritic effect and its mechanism of Xiaofeng Zhiyang Keli(XFZYKL).   Methods  A mice model of atopic dermatitis was prepared by induction method. Mice were sensitized by calcipotriol and ovalbumin (OVA) applying to the right ear daily for 10 days, and then stimulated by OVA injected intradermally into the right cheek to resulting in acute itching. These mice were divided into 5 groups: blank control group, model group, low dose (7.2 g/kg) and high dose (14.4 g/kg) of XFZYKL, and positive control group (montelukast 5 mg/kg). Drugs were administered by gavage at 12 h and 30 min before stimulation. The leukotriene levels in the serum of the mice were measured by ELISA and the basophil ratio and activation status in the blood were measured by flow cytometry.   Results  The mean number of scratches in the model group was 56 between 30 min and 60 min after stimulation, while the mean number of scratches in the low and high dose of XFZYKL groups were 42 and 23 respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05). The serum leukotriene levels and the proportion of basophils in the low and high dose of XFZYKL groups were significantly lower than those in the model group (P<0.05).   Conclusion  XFZYKL had certain therapeutic effect on acute itching of atopic dermatitis in mice, and the mechanism of its action was related to the reduction of leukotriene level and basophil ratio in serum of mice with atopic dermatitis .
Anti-fatigue activity of selenium nanoparticles functionalized by polysaccharides from Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium
ZOU Si, WU Yanbin, WU Jinzhong, WU Jianguo, HUANG Jiaxing
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202206072
Abstract(744) HTML (329) PDF (1739KB)(12)
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the anti-fatigue effect of PTR-SeNPs in vivo by measuring the muscle relative length of hindlimb, load-bearing swimming time as well as serum and liver indexes of mice.   Methods  48 male C57/BL6 mice were randomly assigned into 4 groups with 12 mice in each group, including vehicle control group (Control group), swimming training exercise group (EC group) with vehicle treatment, swimming training exercise with low dose of PTR-SeNPs group (LPTR-SeNPs) and high dose of PTR-SeNPs group (HPTR-SeNPs). The mice were intragastrically administrated with normal saline in both Control group and EC group, as well as 2.5 and 10 μmol/(kg·bw) PTR-SeNPs in LHPTR-SeNPs group, respectively, once per day for consecutively 21 days. After swimming training exercise, the muscle structures in the hind limb of mice were examined by magnetic resonance imaging. Furthermore, the burdened swimming time was measured, the serum content of blood lactic acid (BLA), urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamic oxalate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), as well as the hepatic level of glycogen (HG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined.   Results  Compared with the Control group, the serum contents of BLA, BUN, ALT, AST and LDH in EC group (P<0.05 or 0.01) and hepatic CAT in HPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.01) were significantly increased. The muscle relative length of hind limbs and the burdened swimming time were extended by HPTR-SeNPs markedly (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in MDA level in LHPTR-SeNPs group. Compared with EC group, the burdened swimming time of mice was significantly prolonged (P<0.01), the contents of BLA and BUN were obviously decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group(P<0.05 or 0.01), the level of HG was significantly increased in the LHPTR-SeNPs groups (P<0.05 or 0.01), the serum content of ALT, AST and LDH were markedly decreased in the HPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Hepatic SOD activity was remarkably increased in LPTR-SeNPs group (P<0.05), the level of CAT was evidently increased (P<0.01) and AST was decreased (P<0.05) in the HPTR-SeNPs group.   Conclusion  PTR-SeNPs could improve the liver physiological function, increase glycogen storage, reduce the accumulation of metabolites and enhance the body’s antioxidant capacity to ameliorate fatigue significantly, which could present the potential to be developed into health care products or drugs.
Research progress on the mechanism of gut microbiota participating in diabetes nephropathy
XU Fei, CHEN Jin, LU Yu Han, LI Zhi Yong
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202312023
Abstract(205) HTML (153) PDF (843KB)(8)
Abstract:
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, the prevention and treatment of diabetes nephropathy have become a worldwide problem. The molecular mechanism of the occurrence and development of diabetes nephropathy is still unclear, but many studies in recent years have shown that gut microbiota plays an important role in the progress on diabetes nephropathy. the research progress on the mechanism of gut microbiota participating in diabetes nephropathy was reviewed in this article.
Effects and mechanism of Triptolide on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats
ZHU Dongjie, HE Xinzheng, ZOU Jie, YU Shidan, LI Hongxia
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202311021
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the effect of Triptolide on cerebral ischemia- reperfusion injury (CIRI) and explore its molecular mechanism.   Methods  One hundred and forty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low, medium, high dose of triptolide group and butylphthalide group, with 24 rats in each group. The CIRI rat model was established by blocking the middle cerebral artery for 2 hours. 3 days before modeling, the rats in each group were ip administration once a day. 24 hours after reperfusion, the neurological deficit score was detected, the rate of cerebral infarction was measured by TTC staining, the blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability was detected by EB penetration test. The pathological changes neurons in the ischemic penumbra cortex were observed by HE and TUNEL staining. The content of inflammatory factors in ischemic cerebral cortex were detected by ELISA method. The expression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway related proteins were detected by Western blot.   Results  Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit score, cerebral infarction rate and EB content in the Triptolide middle, high dose groups and the Butylphthalide group were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The pathological changes of cortical neurons in the ischemic penumbra were significantly improved, and the apoptosis rate of neurons was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The content of TNF-α, IL-1β and the expression of TLR4, p-NF-κB, cleaved Caspase-3, Bax were significantly decreased, the expression of Bcl-2 was significantly increased, the ratio of p-NF-κB/NF-κB and Bax/Bcl-2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The regulatory effect of the high dose triptolide group on various detection indexes were better than that of the Butylphthalide group (P<0.05).   Conclusion  Triptolide could protect the permeability of BBB, improve the neurological deficit and neuropathy in CIRI rats, and reduce the rate of cerebral infarction, its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway and which mediated inflammatory response and neuronal apoptosis.
Flavonoids from Corn Silk (Zea mays L.) and its pharmacological effects
ZHOU Licheng, OU Yiming
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309037
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Abstract:
Corn silk, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, has the effect of calming liver, cholagogue, detumescence and diuresis. Corn silk is also widely used as tea and functional food. Natural flavonoids have multiple biological activities, which are also the main bioactive components of corn silk. In the past decade, many new advances have been made in the chemistry, analysis, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and safety evaluation of corn silk flavonoids. The chemical composition research of flavonoids has enriched the quantity of flavonoids in corn silk. Pharmacological studies have confirmed and expanded the efficacy of corn silk flavonoids. And safety evaluation has provided a theoretical basis for the safe application of corn silk flavonoids. Through literature search, the extraction, separation, compositional analysis, content determination, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics, and safety research progress of corn silk flavonoids in the past ten years were reviewed in this paper.
Effect of Hypoproteinemia on Cefoperazone Plasma Concentration
ZHAN Ji-hua, YAN Ying
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309040
Abstract(155) HTML (77) PDF (833KB)(1)
Abstract:
  Objective   To analyze the effect of hypoproteinemia on the use of cefoperazone in patients, and provide references for the rational use of cefoperazone in clinical practice.   Methods   Clinical data of patients with cefoperazone blood concentration monitoring in our hospital from July 2021 to March 2022 were collected, and divided into low albumin group and normal albumin group according to different albumin concentration. Statistical analysis were conducted based on gender, age, laboratory examination, cefoperazone valley concentration and clinical efficacy of the two groups.   Results   Age, gender, inflammation and liver function of two groups had not shown statistical difference (P>0.05). Low protein group had significantly higher levels of creatinine than those in group with normal albumin (P<0.05). The trough concentration of cefoperazone in the low protein group was 46.29±36.94 mg/L, and that in the normal albumin group was 38.18±33.79 mg/L. Among the low protein patient group, the plasma concentration of cefoperazone in those treated with human albumin was significantly higher than that in the patients without human albumin treatment (P<0.05). Comparison of the clinical efficacy of the two groups revealed that the low protein group had a lower clinical response rate (P<0.05).   Conclusion   Supplementation of human serum albumin in patients with hypoproteinemia could increase the plasma concentration of cefoperazone, and correcting hypoproteinemia could be helpful for anti-infection treatment.
Effect of Huoxin Pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin on prognosis after interventional operation of acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure
WANG Peng, WU Zonggui, ZHANG Zhengyan
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308034
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Abstract:
  Objective  To observe the effect of Huoxin Pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin on the prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI).   Methods  120 Patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure who received emergency interventional treatment in our hospital from January 2022 to January 2023 were randomly divided into Western medicine treatment group and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)comprehensive treatment group. Western medicine treatment: standard Western medicine treatment + five prescriptions for cardiac rehabilitation; Based on Western medicine treatment, Huaxin pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin therapy was added to the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and the follow-up was 6 months. The observed indexes were exertion angina pectoris scale, Chinese Medicine Syndrome Scale, Chinese medicine syndrome treatment effect evaluation, 6-minute walking test (6MWT), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and brain natriuretic peptide precursor (pro-BNP).   Results  Sixty patients were enrolled in the two groups respectively. During the treatment, 2 cases fell off in the Western medicine treatment group and 8 cases fell off in the TCM comprehensive treatment group, and a total of 110 cases were enrolled in the group. Compared with the western treatment group, TCM combined therapy significantly improved angina pectoris scale score, TCM Syndrome Scale score, pro-BNP, LVEF and 6MWT (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in blood routine, liver and kidney function, potassium, blood glucose, blood lipids and cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) between the two groups (P > 0.05). No adverse cardiovascular events occurred during the entire treatment period in both groups.   Conclusion  Huaxin Pill (concentrated pill) combined with Baduanjin was more effective than Western therapy in improving LVEF, 6MWT distance, exercise tolerance and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated with heart failure.
The protective effect of Rongmu Fugan Formula on ANIT induced liver injury in mice with cholestasis
YANG Nian, YANG Liu, ZHENG Sijia, ZHANG Junxia, XU Huaming
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202305008
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the protective effect of Rongmu Fugan Formula on ANIT induced cholestasis liver injury in mice.   Methods  8-week old SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 10 mice in each group which were the blank control group (normal saline gavage), the model control group (normal saline gavage), the low (gavage dose:5.25 g/kg ) group, the medium (11.25 g/kg) group and the high (20.25 g/kg) group of Rongmu Fugan Formula, the positive control (Ursodeoxycholic acid, UDCA,0.1 g/kg). Mice were administered with continuous gavage once a day, for 7 consecutive days. On the 5th day, the blank normal control group was given an equal amount of olive oil by gavage, all other groups were given ANIT (65 mg/kg) by gavage for modeling. After 48 hours of modeling, 30 minutes after the last administration of each group of mice, blood and liver tissue samples were collected for testing of various indicators. The corresponding kits were used to detect the content of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bile acid (TBA),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase(γ-GT), total bilirubin (TBIL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in peripheral blood of mice, respectively. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes in the liver of mice.   Results  Compared with the model group, each dose group of Rongmu Fugan Formula reduced the levels of ALT, AST, AKP, TBA, TBIL,γ-GT and MDA (P<0.05) significantly, markedly increased the levels of SOD and GSH-PX (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the low-dose and high-dose groups of Rongmu Fugan Formula showed a decrease in liver cell vacuolar degeneration and reduction in inflammatory infiltration. In the medium dose group, the vacuolar degeneration of liver cells was significantly reduced, the inflammatory infiltration was significantly improved, the liver cells were arranged in cords, and the structure of lobules of liver was intact.   Conclusion  Rongmu Fugan Formula could improve serum biochemical indicators of liver injury, reduce jaundice and eliminate oxidative free radicals, thereby exerting a protective effect against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice.
Research progress on targeted therapy and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer
MA Zifen, XU Weiheng, JIN Yuxiang, XUE Lei
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306008
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Abstract:
Esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor with high incidence and mortality rate in the world and its pathogenic factors are complex and diverse. There are no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and most patients are in the middle to late stage at the initial diagnosis. The prognosis of esophageal cancer is poor. The treatment mode of conventional surgical resection combined with chemoradiotherapy can no longer meet the current treatment needs of disease, and new treatment strategies are urgently needed. Molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy are new treatment methods that have emerged in recent years, which have broken the therapeutic bottleneck and have been proven to play important roles in the treatment of esophageal cancer. The current research progress of the main targets and their related targeted drugs in molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy for esophageal cancer were reviewed in this article, which provided reference for the application of precision medicine in the field of esophageal cancer.
Determination of four different components in Danggui Liuhuang decoction by HPLC/MS/MS
LI Dan, DAI Xianchun, WANG Fangzhen, LIU Xiaozhen, CHEN Yihan, HU Yating, YANG Ping, LIU Jiyong
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202305007
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Abstract:
  Objective  To establish the method of simultaneous determination of four main components of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction, including phellodendrine, palmatine, calycosin, and ferulic acid and provide reference for the quality control of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction.   Methods  Based on the HPLC-MS/MS analysis method, the positive ion data acquisition mode was adopted for the mass spectrometry detection and the four main components were quantified with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM) by ESI source. The chromatographic column was Agilent Extend-C18 (5 μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm), and gradient elution was performed with methanol and 0.5% formic acid in water.   Results  The linear range of phellodendrine was from 2-200 nmol/ml, and the linear range of palmatine, calycosin and ferulic acid was from 20-2 000 nmol/ml. The contents of the four components in the seven batches of Danggui Liuhuang Decoction were relatively stable, among which ferulic acid was mainly found in Phellodendrine and Coptidis; Phellodendrine was only detected in cortex phellodendri; the content of calycosin in Scutellaria baicalensis and Astragalus was higher; palmatine was detected in both Phellodendron and Astragalus.   Conclusion  The method has high sensitivity, good specificity and sample stability, which could meet the requirements of quantitative analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds, and could provide reference for further pharmacokinetics study on the content changes of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in biological samples.
Study of the treatment compliance and influencing factors of inhalation therapy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
DUAN Hu, ZHOU Yanqing, QIAN Yulin, ZHAO Liang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202204094
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Abstract:
  Objective  To study the compliance and influencing factors of inhalation therapy in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),and carry out patient education and management accordingly.   Methods  COPD patients were selected from Respiratory Clinic of Luodian Hospital of Baoshan District of Shanghai from June to December of 2021. Compliance and inhalation techniques were assessed with the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale and the ten-step inhalation technique, and the factors influencing compliance were analyzed.   Results  A total of 58 outpatients with COPD were included, in which 25 cases (43.1%) with moderate or above compliance. Univariate analysis showed that the patients with course of disease ≥5 years, CAT(COPD assessment test)≥10 points, used 2 inhalation devices and inhalation technique score ≥8 points had better compliance when compared with other patients (P<0.05).  Conclusion  Patient education and management should be carried out actively. The patients with course of disease<5 years, CAT<10 points should be highly concerned. The patients' ability to use inhalation devices and personal preference should be fully considered. Training on the use of devices should be strengthened and regularly follow-up evaluation should be carried out.
Analysis of the chemical constituents of Maxing Shigan decoction by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS
ZHAO Xue, GU Yanqiu, CHU Haowen, WU Caisheng, LI Gao, CHEN Xiaofei
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202306028
Abstract(674) HTML (226) PDF (1510KB)(8)
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze chemical constituents of compound Maxing Shigan decoction by ultra-high perfor-mance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS).   Methods  The separation was performed on a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 2.5 µm), with a gradient elution applying 0.1% aqueous formic acid solution and 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The column temperature was 40 °C. The flow rate was 0.4 ml/min and the analysis time was 15 min. Mass spectrometry (MS) data were collected in both positive and negative ESI ion modes.   Results  Through UPLC-QTOF/MS analysis and reference validation, a total of 59 chemical components in Maxing Shigan decoction were identified.   Conclusion  In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was established to identify the chemical components of Maxing Shigan decoction. This method is simple, efficient, sensitive and accurate, and provides a basis for the elucidation of the pharmacodynamic material basis and mechanism of Maxing Shigan decoction. It can provide data reference for the optimization of the compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
Molecular mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in treatment of cancer cachexia based on network pharmacology
KE Gang, DONG Qingke, XIAO Shirong, GONG Qian, LI Rong, WANG Daijie
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202208115
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Abstract:
  Objective   To analyze the pharmacological mechanism of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia based on the network pharmacological method and provide a reference for the clinical application of classical traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions.   Methods   Through TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases, the main chemical components and their targets of the TCM prescription of Shenling Baizhu powder were obtained, and the active components of the TCM were screened according to ADME. The main targets of cancer cachexia were obtained through OMIM, Genecards, Disgenet and DRUGBANK databases, and protein interaction analysis was conducted using String platform to build a PPI network. The “drug active ingredient target” network of Shenling Baizhu powder was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, and then the biological processes and pathways involved were analyzed by using Metascape platform. Finally, molecular docking verification was conducted by Discovery Studio.   Results  The core active ingredients of Shenling Baizhu powder in the treatment of cancer cachexia are quercetin, kaempferol, pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol, luteolin, β-sitosterol, etc. The core targets are AKT1, TP53, TNF, IL-6, MAPK3, CASP3, JUN, CTNNB1, HIF1A, EGFR, etc. The molecular docking test also showed that the top 10 active ingredients, such as pyrolignous acid, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol, had good binding activities with most of the target sites. The biological pathway of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia is mainly to regulate tumor related pathway, metabolism related pathway, inflammatory factors and appetite related pathway.  Conclusion  This study preliminarily revealed the mechanism of action of Shenling Baizhu powder in treating cancer cachexia with multi components, multi targets and multi pathways, which provided a basis for the clinical development and utilization of Shenling Baizhu powder.
The mechanism of nicotinamide combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans based on metabolomics technology
WAN Lizhi, WANG Jinghan, WU Chunrong, LI Ling
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202307034
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Abstract:
  Objective   To investigate the potential mechanism of nicotinamide combined with amphotericin B against Candida albicans based on metabolomics.   Methods  The intracellular metabolites of C. albicans intervened by different drugs including NAM, AmB, and their combination with a proper concentration were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The differential metabolites were screened by multivariate statistical analysis and identified by searching the NIST database.   Results   Compared with the control group, the NAM intervention group was hardly separated from it, while the AmB group and NAM+AmB group showed a clear trend separation. Under the intervention of AmB, 23 metabolites significantly changed compared with the control group, and 28 metabolites remarkably changed after NAM+AmB intervention, including amino acids, organic acids, sugars and other components.   Conclusion  NAM, as an endogenous metabolite of C. albicans, combined with AmB could enhance the effects of AmB in the original metabolic pathway and changed it to a certain extent. It is speculated that AmB combined with NAM may pose more antifungal effect on Candida albicans by regulating the tricarboxylic acid cycle, interfering with amino acid metabolism and influencing polyamine synthesis.
Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of pembrolizumab versus platinum chemotherapy as first-line treatment in advanced non-small cell lung cancer
SONG Yutong, XIA Derun, GU Heng, TANG Shaowen, YI Honggang, Wo Hongmei
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303023
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Abstract:
  Objective  To make the cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab and platinum chemotherapy as the first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the population with tumor proportion score (TPS) ≥ 1% of PD-L1, and to provide some reference for the clinical use and future price negotiation of pembrolizumab.   Methods  Based on Pubmed database, the published RCT literatures of pembrolizumab were analyzed, and the survival data were extracted, combined with the treatment plan of Jiangsu Province Hospital, the Markov model were established to simulate the cost and health effectiveness of patients for twenty years, and the stability of the model was tested by one-way sensitivity analysis and probability sensitivity analysis.   Results  Twenty years later, the cost-effectiveness ratio of pembrolizumab group and chemotherapy group was ¥58 517.60/QALM (quality adjusted life month), ¥41 213.08/QALM. Compared with the chemotherapy group, the incremental cost effective ratio (ICER) was ¥104 485.36/QALM.   Conclusion  When the willingness to pay (WTP) value was ¥30 902/ QALM, the pembrolizumab therapy is not more cost-effective advantages than platinum chemotherapy, and the sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the model were relatively stable.
Advances in chiral analysis and stereoselective pharmacokinetics of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists
ZHANG Yixin, GUAN Xinyi, WANG Boning, WEN Jun, HONG Zhanying
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202308062
Abstract(485) HTML (189) PDF (1024KB)(2)
Abstract:
[Abstract] Chiral drugs are closely related to the safety and effectiveness of drug use. Most dihydropyridine drugs have chiral carbon atoms, which are used as racemes and produce stereoselective disposal characteristics after entering the body, which may affect the safety and effectiveness of drugs. Therefore, based on the chiral resolution and pharmacokinetic characteristics of this class of drugs, the selection rules of chiral HPLC and CE methods and in vivo analysis applications of this class of drugs in recent years were reviewed. The stereoselective pharmacokinetics of this class of drugs were listed and compared. It was found that some of these drugs had obvious differences in stereoselective pharmacokinetics, and the pharmacokinetics and toxicity in vivo were also different.
Mechanisms of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in Homo-therapy for Heteropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology
ZHU Zifan, WANG Zhicong, XIE Bin, LIU Runhui
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202305037
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Abstract:
  Objective  To probe into the mechanism of Shexiang Baoxin Pill in Homo-therapy for Heteropathy” for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and coronary heart disease (CHD) based on network pharmacology.   Methods  All chemical components and action targets of these seven traditional Chinese medical in Shexiang Baoxin Pill were screened by Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP), Traditional Chinese Medicines Integrated Database (TCMID), The Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine (ETCM) and BATMAN-TCM platform, and the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases were used to obtain CHD and T2DM-related Disease targets. The “drug-component-target” network map was constructed by Cytoscape 3.8.2 software, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network map was constructed by STRING database, and the GO biological process analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed on the common targets of Shexiang Baoxin Pill for T2DM and CHD using DAVID online database.   Results  A total of 111 potential active ingredients for the treatment of T2DM and CHD in Shexiang Baoxin Pills were screened out, corresponding to 229 targets. Network analysis results showed that the common main active ingredients in Shexiang Baoxin Pills for treating T2DM and CHD might be chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cinnamic aldehyde, bile acids, cinnamic acid, and ginsenosides. The results of pathway enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of action of Shexiang Baoxin Pills in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease in treating T2DM and CHD might be related to the inhibition of inflammatory response and oxidative stress.   Conclusion  Shexiang Baoxin Pill could play a role in treating CHD and T2DM through multiple components, multiple targets and multiple pathways, which provided a certain theoretical basis for the clinical application and further research of Shexiang Baoxin Pills.
Research Progress on Hepatic Macrophages and Liver Fibrosis
JIANG Haiyan, ZHONG Fangfang, ZHANG Junping
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202209030
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Abstract:
Liver fibrosis is a repair response to chronic liver injury caused by various etiologies. Its continuous progression can develop into liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma, eventually leading to liver failure. Currently, there is no effective treatment for liver fibrosis. Hepatic macrophages play a key role in intrahepatic inflammatory response, progression and resolution of fibrosis, and have emerged as an important therapeutic target for anti-hepatic fibrosis. The function of hepatic macrophages in the process of liver fibrosis was mainly reviewed and the mode of action of hepatic macrophages from various aspects was discussed to provide ideas for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
, Available online  
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, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.
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Participation of Clinical pharmacists in a case of QTc interval prolongation induced by Gilteritinib
CUI Xiaolin, FU Xiaofei, DU Yanhong, LIU Juan, ZHU Qian, LIU Ziqi
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309050
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Abstract:
  Objective  To explore the role of clinical pharmacists involved in the case of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia whose QTc interval prolongation was induced by Gilteritinib, and to provide reference for drug treatment and monitoring of those patients.   Methods  the abnormal electrocardiogram(ECG) of a patient with acute myeloid leukemia was found in time by clinical pharmacists, who participated in clinical diagnosis and treatment by analyzing the patient's underlying diseases, diagnosis and treatment process, therapeutic drugs and their potential interactions.   Results  Clinical pharmacists suspected that the prolonged QTc interval was likely to be an adverse reaction caused by Gilteritinib, and recommended immediate discontinuation of the drug and re-examination of the electrocardiogram.The physician took the suggestion to stop the suspected drug therapy with Gilteritinib promptly, and ECG was rechecked three days later, and the QTc value returned to the normal range.   Conclusion  Clinical pharmacists participating in clinical diagnosis and treatment could provide better pharmaceutical care for patients.
Research progress on the pharmacological effects of maslinic acid
ZHANG Linchen, ZHANG Xiaoqin, ZHANG Junping
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202307052
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Abstract:
Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is widely found in natural plants such as olives and hawthorns. Maslinic acid has anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, antibacterial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and other pharmacological effects. In this paper, the research progress of pharmacological activities and the mechanism of action of maslinic acid were reviewed, which provides the basis for the development and utilization of maslinic acid in the future.
Lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein drug delivery carrier
WANG Xufang, WANG Yanting, YAO Chunmeng, LU Bin
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202309021
Abstract(797) HTML (233) PDF (863KB)(18)
Abstract:
Lactic acid bacteria is a good candidate in living drug delivery system for its safety, beneficial nature, and intestinal colonizability. At present, most studies use it as a protein drug delivery carrier for disease treatment. As a model organism, a variety of gene modification schemes enable it to be applied to various diseases and can play a significant therapeutic effect. Lactic acid bacteria drug carrier has many advantages, including non-invasive drug delivery, gene editing, large-scale production Therefore, the use of lactic acid bacteria as recombinant protein expression vector has attracted global attention. In this review, the application basis, bioavailability improvement, gene editing strategy and research and application status of lactobacillus drug delivery system were summarized.
Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway
MENG Panpan, SONG Muge, YANG Shichao, CHEN Keming, YANG Zhongduo, MA Huiping
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202303006
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Abstract:
  Objective  Study on the effect of Lishukang capsule on learning and memory impairment in mice with high altitude hypoxia based on Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway.   Methods  Sixty male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into normal control group, hypoxia model group, Rhodiola capsule group: 400 mg/kg, low, medium and high dose groups of Lishukang capsule: 400 mg/kg, 600 mg/kg, 800 mg/kg, with 10 mice in each group. The normal control group was fed at the local altitude (1500m) after 7 days of intragastric administration in each group, and the rest groups were fed at the low pressure and hypoxia animal experimental cabin to simulate the altitude of 7500 m for hypoxia for 3 days. During this period, the normal control group and the hypoxia model group were given normal saline once a day, and 1 hour after the last administration, the eight arm maze was used to test the spatial memory ability of mice under simulated high altitude hypoxia; HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus in mice; Western blot was used to detect the changes of protein content of Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and apoptosis related protein in hippocampus of mice.   Results  Compared with the normal control group, the spatial memory ability of mice in the hypoxia model group was significantly impaired (P<0.01); HE staining showed that hippocampal neurons in mice were seriously injured; the content of brain tissue Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 increased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the hypoxia model group, the error rate of mice in the high dose group of Lishukang capsule in the eight arm maze behavior experiment was significantly reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01); HE staining showed that the neurons were arranged orderly and the cell morphology was good; the content of Keap1 protein and apoptosis related protein Bax and Caspase-3 decreased (P<0.01); the content of Nrf2, HO-1 and apoptosis related protein Bcl-2 increased (P<0.01).   Conclusion  High altitude hypoxia can lead to oxidative stress injury in mice and induce the expression of apoptosis related genes, thus aggravating the cognitive dysfunction of mice; Lishukang capsule can effectively improve the learning and memory impairment in mice caused by hypoxia, and its mechanism may be related to regulating the Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway and reducing apoptosis.
Determination and effect of five alkaloids from extracts of Piper longum on rats with experimental myocardial ischemia induced by injection of pituitrin
YI Bowen, LIU Huining, ZHENG Rui, REN Jiawei, LIU Yang
, Available online  , doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202112011
Abstract(1354) HTML (426) PDF (999KB)(16)
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  Objective  To determine the content of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum and test the pharmacodynamic effect of them on rats with experimental myocardial ischemia induced by injection of pituitrin.   Methods  The content of five alkaloids was determined simultaneously by HPLC. The experimental myocardial ischemia in rats was induced by injection of pituitrin, and the absolute value of T wave change and change of heart rate before and after model establishment were chosen to be the observation index. The effects of large, medium and small dose groups were evaluated.   Results  Three batches of samples were analyzed, with the contents of piperine for 56.1%, 49.7%, 51.6%; N-isobutyl-(2E,4E)octadecatrienamide for 4.5%, 4.2%, 4.3%; guineensine for 0.46%, 0.38%, 0.40%; piplartine for 1.73%, 1.67%, 1.70% and piperamide for 0.55%, 0.46%, 0.49%, respectively. All dose groups from extracts of piper longum had significantly reduced the absolute value of T wave and almost have no effect on the change of heart rate, except the high dose group showed the effect of reducing heart rate at some time .  Conclusion  The HPLC method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids from extracts of piper longum. It was shown that extracts of piper longum had good bioactivity in anti-myocardial ischemia.
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