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Volume 41 Issue 7
Jul.  2023
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WU Ya, JIANG Yiping, ZHANG Chengzhong, WANG Nani, XIN Hailiang. Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2023, 41(7): 433-436. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002
Citation: WU Ya, JIANG Yiping, ZHANG Chengzhong, WANG Nani, XIN Hailiang. Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2023, 41(7): 433-436. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002

Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002
  • Received Date: 2021-11-01
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-12-12
  • Publish Date: 2023-07-25
  •   Objective  To perform microscopic identification for the roots of Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang, Actinidia valvata Dunn, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia chinensis Planch., and provide the basis for judging medicinal materials exactly.   Methods  The powder microscopic characteristics of 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus were observed by microscopic identification method.   Results  Taking the morphological characteristics of calcium oxalate clusters, starch granules and ducts as the main differences, a key table was compiled to identify the roots of these four medicinal plants.   Conclusion  The microscopic identification method could effectively distinguish 4 Chinese herbs of Actinidia genus, and which is worth further studying.
  • [1] 李佳, 陈广云, 陈小红, 等猫人参质量标准研究[J]. 中国药物评价2019363198203.
    [2] 吴怀恩, 甄汉深, 钟振国猕猴桃属植物的研究进展[J]. 中药材200415963.
    [3] 翟延君, 冯夏红, 康廷国, 等软枣猕猴桃根的生药鉴定[J]. 中药材199331921.
    [4] 王忠壮, 宋嬿, 胡晋红, 等藤梨根与猫人参的性状鉴别及其临床应用[J]. 药学服务与研究20052134137.
    [5] 林柳悦, 贾敏, 蒋益萍, 等中药猫人参高效液相色谱指纹图谱研究[J]. 时珍国医国药2019303612614.
    [6] 夏德豪猕猴桃根生药学研究[J]. 世界中西医结合杂志2009410718720.
    [7] 丁丽丽, 王顺春, 王峥涛. 猫人参化学成分的研究[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2007(18): 1893-1895.
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Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus

doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002

Abstract:   Objective  To perform microscopic identification for the roots of Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang, Actinidia valvata Dunn, Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq., Actinidia chinensis Planch., and provide the basis for judging medicinal materials exactly.   Methods  The powder microscopic characteristics of 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus were observed by microscopic identification method.   Results  Taking the morphological characteristics of calcium oxalate clusters, starch granules and ducts as the main differences, a key table was compiled to identify the roots of these four medicinal plants.   Conclusion  The microscopic identification method could effectively distinguish 4 Chinese herbs of Actinidia genus, and which is worth further studying.

WU Ya, JIANG Yiping, ZHANG Chengzhong, WANG Nani, XIN Hailiang. Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2023, 41(7): 433-436. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002
Citation: WU Ya, JIANG Yiping, ZHANG Chengzhong, WANG Nani, XIN Hailiang. Microscopic identification for roots from 4 medicinal plants of Actinidia genus[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2023, 41(7): 433-436. doi: 10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202111002
  • 猕猴桃属植物全球共约有54种,中国有52种以上,是该属的分布中心。目前作为药用的种类主要有:对萼猕猴桃(Actinidia valvata Dunn)根作猫人参入药[1-3],大籽猕猴桃(Actinidia macrosperma C.F. Liang)根也有作猫人参入药者[4],中华猕猴桃(Actinidia chinensis Planch.)根作猕猴桃根入药,也有作藤梨根入药者[5-6],软枣猕猴桃[Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex Miq.]根作藤梨根入药[7]。此4种药用植物的根入药,临床用药较多,多具有清热利湿,解毒散结的功效,但由于在性状方面也非常相似,易发生混淆,颇有对其鉴定研究之必要。

    • 生物显微成像仪(德国徕卡);Leica Application Suite 4.9.0图像分析处理软件显微成像系统(德国徕卡);Photoshop CS4软件(美国Adobe公司)。

    • 共收集18个批次的猕猴桃材料供鉴定用,见表1;载玻片,盖玻片,解剖针,水合氯醛,酒精灯。

      采集号植 物产地日期
      1对萼猕猴桃浙江衢州2005-12-10
      2对萼猕猴桃浙江衢州2006-05-10
      3对萼猕猴桃浙江开化2005-12-10
      4对萼猕猴桃浙江衢州2006-05-10
      5对萼猕猴桃浙江磐安2006-09-29
      6对萼猕猴桃浙江磐安2009-11-23
      7对萼猕猴桃浙江衢州2006-10-01
      8软枣猕猴桃吉林长白2010-09-20
      9软枣猕猴桃吉林长白2011-08-20
      10中华猕猴桃浙江衢州2006-05-10
      11中华猕猴桃浙江磐安2021-03-09
      12中华猕猴桃上海板扎猕猴桃园2021-03-27
      13大籽猕猴桃浙江富阳2005-10-06
      14大籽猕猴桃浙江富阳2005-10-20
      15对萼猕猴桃(饮片)上海虹桥饮片厂2005-06-30
      16猫人参饮片(对萼猕猴桃)上海虹桥饮片厂2021-02-22
      17猫人参饮片(对萼猕猴桃)浙江衢州2007-09-28
      18藤梨根(饮片)上海虹桥饮片厂2021-02-22
    • 分别取适量样品(1~18号),粉碎,过80目筛网,取适量粉末置载玻片上,滴加水合氯醛1~2滴,加热透化至微干,再滴加稀甘油1滴,用解剖针混匀,盖上盖玻片,光学生物显微镜下观察其显微特征、特殊细胞的形态和结构(表2),利用Leica Application Suite 4.9.0图像分析处理软件显微成像系统捕获典型图像,添加标尺,经过相应的图像处理软件处理后保存图片数据。

      种名草酸钙针晶石细胞木栓细胞纤维导管草酸钙簇晶淀粉粒
      对萼猕猴桃根众多,散在或成束,两种类型:一种长而粗,长127~312μm,直径8~13 μm;一种短而细,直径23~
      87 μm,成球状针晶丛。少数批次还含有细小似砂晶状
      针晶
      众多,单个或成石细胞团存在,多无色、黄棕色、淡黄色、青绿色;呈多边形,长方形,多角形。纹孔明显,壁厚6~
      8 μm
      较多,表面观呈类方形,细胞含黄色、红橘色内含物,具纹孔,壁较厚,非木化或微木化木纤维、管胞,平直或稍弯曲,长条形或梭形,末端稍尖,直径18~23μm,壁厚7~9 μm,具缘纹孔略作纵向排列。韧皮纤维二三成束,淡黄色,呈长条形,末端钝圆,直径31~
      57 μm,长556~
      644 μm,壁厚,纹孔不明显,孔沟明显
      网纹,孔纹,梯纹,多碎片,直径22~
      67 μm。有的具缘纹孔横向延长成梯状或网状具缘纹孔
      导管
      草酸钙簇晶,直径24~
      36 μm,棱角宽钝
      较多支链淀粉,呈树枝性分支,单粒类圆形,直径3~8 μm
      大籽猕猴桃根众多,散在或成束,两种类型:一种长而粗,长213~374 μm,直径5~11 μm;一种短而细,直径约85~121 μm,成球状针
      晶丛
      众多,单个存在或成多边形石细胞团,无色,淡黄色,青绿色。多数呈圆形,长方形,多角形。纹孔明显,壁厚6~13 μm少见,多层重叠,表面观类方形,少数细胞内有黄色内含物,壁较厚,微木化木纤维少见。韧皮纤维多见且二三成束,黄绿色,呈长条形,末端钝圆,直径48~89 μm,长213~398 μm,壁厚14 μm,纹孔、孔沟均明显可见孔纹,网纹,直径89~247 μm//
      软枣猕猴桃根较少,多成束存在
      粘液细胞中,针晶
      较长而粗,长103~
      247 μm,直径6~
      9 μm。另一种直
      径短而细,成类球
      状针晶丛
      多数单个散在,无色,类圆形,孔纹明显,壁厚。直径
      119 μm,壁厚
      24 μm,少数成细胞团,淡黄色,壁厚
      /主为纤维管胞,较少,无色,长条形,末端稍尖,有稀疏孔纹,直径27~51 μm,壁厚2~5 μm,非木化。韧皮纤维较少,淡黄色,成束存在,末端圆钝,直径
      44 μm
      网纹,孔纹,具缘纹孔不均匀增厚,多碎片状较多,直径23~37 μm,棱角宽钝淀粉粒,较多,单粒类圆形,直径1.6~2.5 μm
      中华猕猴桃根众多,散在或成束存在粘液细胞中,针晶较长而粗,长157~281 μm,直径6~
      21 μm
      单个散在,或成细胞团,淡黄色,无色,类圆形,孔纹明显,壁厚18 μm表面观呈类方形,栓内细胞含黄色、橘红色内含物,纹孔较少,壁增厚,非木化或微木化木纤维,二三成束,较少,长条形,无色,有稀疏孔纹,直径约23 μm多网纹,孔纹,梯纹,螺纹,多成碎片状较多,直径24~37 μm,棱角宽钝有淀粉粒,较多,单粒类圆形,直径2~
      7 μm
    • 总结猕猴桃植物根的显微特征(表2),拍摄显微特征照片(图14)。以草酸钙结晶、淀粉粒、导管之形态特征为差异点,编制4种猕猴桃属植物的鉴定表,见表3

    • 4种猕猴桃属植物根作为抗癌药物在临床上被广泛使用,但因其显微鉴定研究内容较少,因此常发生混淆入药的情况。翟延君[3]曾对软枣猕猴桃根横切面和粉末的显微特征进行了详细研究,结果发现草酸钙针晶、石细胞、木纤维、木栓细胞、韧皮细胞等显微组织结构可以作为软枣猕猴桃粉末的主要鉴别特征。之后王忠壮[4]横向比较了藤梨根与猫人参饮片横切面的特征差异,为开发资源和合理用药提供基础研究。但仍未见对4种猕猴桃植物根的显微鉴别特征作详细报道。因此,本研究不仅对4种猕猴桃植物根的横切面和粉末显微特征进行详细观察总结,同时横向比较了4种植物根的粉末显微鉴定结果,总结以草酸钙结晶的种类和数量、淀粉粒的形态和排列方式、螺纹导管为其鉴定的主要差异点,编制检索表,可用于鉴定此4种药用植物根。后续拟收集更多材料,进行深入研究,发展更为全面,行之有效的显微鉴定方法。

      植物草酸钙结晶淀粉粒螺纹导管
      软枣猕猴桃簇晶丛单粒,类圆形
      对萼猕猴桃簇晶状单粒,支链形
      中华猕猴桃束状,类球状针晶丛单粒,类圆形
      大籽猕猴桃
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