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相对于传统纳米载体而言,由红细胞、血小板、干细胞、巨噬细胞、肿瘤细胞以及细菌等构成的新型内源性载体具有生物相容性好、靶向性高的显著优势[1]。但是,该类细胞载体由于自身理化性质导致其无法在特定组织内渗透和摄取。近年来,随着纳米技术与生物技术的交叉融合,研究者从仿生角度出发,通过物理挤出、共孵育和微流体等技术工艺将各类型天然细胞膜与纳米载体内核相结合,制备出体内循环时间长、生物相容性好、胞内细胞器靶向性能高的新型仿生纳米药物载体[2]。本文综述了细胞膜修饰技术的基本原理及几种最为常用的细胞膜修饰纳米载体的特点及应用。
Progress in preparation and application of biomimetic nano carriers for cell membrane
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摘要: 由有机或无机纳米材料制备的药物载体系统广泛用于药物靶向递送和疾病的诊断治疗研究。但其存在靶向性差、体内循环时间短、生物相容性欠佳亟需提高等问题。仿生纳米药物系统是以不同种类的细胞膜修饰纳米载体,利用内源性的细胞膜提高载体的体内生物相容性、实现更精准的靶向、甚至由细胞自身的免疫原性产生免疫治疗作用。对细胞膜仿生纳米载体技术的原理、方法及其靶向机制和治疗作用作一综述,为新型给药系统研究提供思路。Abstract: Nanocarriers prepared from organic or inorganic materials are widely used in drug targeting system and diagnosis and treatment of disease. However, there are some problems, such as poor targeting, short circulation time in vivo and improvement in the biocompatibility. Biomimetic nanocarriers has carried out research on the issues, which based on different kinds of cell membrane for the nanocarriers modification, endogenous biofilm improving the biocompatibility of carriers in vivo, more accurate targeting, and even producing immunotherapeutic effect. The principle, method, targeting mechanism and therapeutic effect of biomimetic nano carrier technology of cell membrane have been reviewed in this paper, which provide a new direction for the research of new drug delivery system.
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Key words:
- cell membrane /
- biomimetic nanocarriers /
- drug delivery system /
- biomaterials
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