2014 Vol. 32, No. 6
Display Method:
2014, 32(6): 401-404,447.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.001
Abstract:
To summarize the advances in mechanisms of damage and treatments of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and forecasts future research directions.The existing achievements in literatures were summarized.Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage were related to inflammatory response, intracellular calcium overload, free radicals injury, release of excitatory amino acids and other factors. The treatments included reducing ischemia time, blocking glutamate receptors, free radical scavenging, inhibition of apoptosis, reducing inflammation, and promoting neuronal growth, etc. Multi-target treatment would be future directions in treatment of cerebral ischemia.
To summarize the advances in mechanisms of damage and treatments of cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and forecasts future research directions.The existing achievements in literatures were summarized.Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage were related to inflammatory response, intracellular calcium overload, free radicals injury, release of excitatory amino acids and other factors. The treatments included reducing ischemia time, blocking glutamate receptors, free radical scavenging, inhibition of apoptosis, reducing inflammation, and promoting neuronal growth, etc. Multi-target treatment would be future directions in treatment of cerebral ischemia.
The research progress of parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide in skin disease
2014, 32(6): 405-408.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.002
Abstract:
Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptides are polypeptide hormones. They have similar gene structure and same membrane receptor. They play great roles in regulating the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in vivo. PTH/PTHrP and their receptors are expressed in tissues of tumor,skin, hair follicle and other normal tissues. Because of their physiological action on the proliferation and differentiation of epidermis and hair growth,they may be a potential therapeutic target for some skin diseases including psoriasis.
Parathyroid hormone/parathyroid hormone-related peptides are polypeptide hormones. They have similar gene structure and same membrane receptor. They play great roles in regulating the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in vivo. PTH/PTHrP and their receptors are expressed in tissues of tumor,skin, hair follicle and other normal tissues. Because of their physiological action on the proliferation and differentiation of epidermis and hair growth,they may be a potential therapeutic target for some skin diseases including psoriasis.
2014, 32(6): 409-411,459.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.003
Abstract:
Lipid microsphere drug delivery system is a hot issue in pharmceutics studies. In this paper, the mechanism, preparation method and the key influence factors of lipid microsphere drug delivery system were reviewed respectively. Some new discovery and development were introduced in order to enhance the development and application of lipid microsphere drug delivery system as a drug delivery tool.
Lipid microsphere drug delivery system is a hot issue in pharmceutics studies. In this paper, the mechanism, preparation method and the key influence factors of lipid microsphere drug delivery system were reviewed respectively. Some new discovery and development were introduced in order to enhance the development and application of lipid microsphere drug delivery system as a drug delivery tool.
2014, 32(6): 412-415,464.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.004
Abstract:
Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common adverse reactions during anti-hyperlipidemia treatment. Mechanisms of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity are not clear yet, but most of the toxic reactions are dose-related hypersensitivity and could be released after drug withdrawal. It is accepted that clinical risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during anti-hyperlipidemia treatment are high age and chronic illnesses. Treatment of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity has not been unified and most of the treatments are non-specific and symptomatic. Researching hypotoxicity and hepatoprotection antihyperlipidemia drug, especially TCM and pharmaceutics will become a promising direction.
Hepatotoxicity is one of the most common adverse reactions during anti-hyperlipidemia treatment. Mechanisms of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity are not clear yet, but most of the toxic reactions are dose-related hypersensitivity and could be released after drug withdrawal. It is accepted that clinical risk factors for the development of hepatotoxicity during anti-hyperlipidemia treatment are high age and chronic illnesses. Treatment of anti-hyperlipidemia drug-induced hepatotoxicity has not been unified and most of the treatments are non-specific and symptomatic. Researching hypotoxicity and hepatoprotection antihyperlipidemia drug, especially TCM and pharmaceutics will become a promising direction.
2014, 32(6): 416-418,452.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.005
Abstract:
Objective To offer reference to reasonable clinical use of piperacillin sodium sodium-tazobactam sodium. Methods We reviewed pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic studies, clinical trails and implementation of piperacillin sodium-tazobactam sodium alternative dosing regimen in recent. Results The alternative dosing regimens, prolonged and continuous infusion, could maximise the likelihood of achieving desirable pharmacodynamic targets and improve clinical effectiveness. Conclusion It's needed to improve the strategies of alternative dosing regimens for clinical practice.
Objective To offer reference to reasonable clinical use of piperacillin sodium sodium-tazobactam sodium. Methods We reviewed pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic studies, clinical trails and implementation of piperacillin sodium-tazobactam sodium alternative dosing regimen in recent. Results The alternative dosing regimens, prolonged and continuous infusion, could maximise the likelihood of achieving desirable pharmacodynamic targets and improve clinical effectiveness. Conclusion It's needed to improve the strategies of alternative dosing regimens for clinical practice.
2014, 32(6): 419-424.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.006
Abstract:
Objective This study aimed to optimize the preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles with high transfection efficency through a central composition design. Methods The DNA-chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by complex coacervation between pEGFP and chitosan. We selected the concentrations of chitosan and plasmid as two experimental factors, and a central composite design with two factors and five levels was used to optimize the preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles for high transfection efficency. The concentrations of chitosan and plasmid were selected as the independent variables, respectively. The dependent variables included average particle size and transfection efficiency. The morphology of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), respectively. The stability of plasmids in the process of nanoparticles preparation was investigated through the agrose gel electrophoresis. The expression of plasmids delivered by nanoparticles was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. The transfection efficiency of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles was assayed by flow cytometry. Results The preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles with high transfection efficency was optimized successfully. Under the optimum preparative conditions, the DNA-chitosan nanoparticles were almost spherical. The average size of nanoparticles was 217.6nm, and distributed in a narrow range with a polydispersity index of 0.241. The zeta potential was +22.4 mV, which suggested that a den-sity of positive charge exist onto the surface of nanoparticles and consequently enhanced the stability of nanoparticles suspension. The results of gel electrophoresis showed that plasmids were not destroyed in the process of nanoparticles preparation. The cell transfection of nanoparticles was very highly efficient. The nanoparticles could effectively deliver the pEGFP plasmids into cells to express the green fluorescent protein at a high level. Conclusion The established mathematic models have the good predictive function. Under the optimum preparative conditions, the DNA-chitosan nanoparticles have the high potential of cell transfection.
Objective This study aimed to optimize the preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles with high transfection efficency through a central composition design. Methods The DNA-chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by complex coacervation between pEGFP and chitosan. We selected the concentrations of chitosan and plasmid as two experimental factors, and a central composite design with two factors and five levels was used to optimize the preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles for high transfection efficency. The concentrations of chitosan and plasmid were selected as the independent variables, respectively. The dependent variables included average particle size and transfection efficiency. The morphology of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles was observed using a transmission electron microscope. The size and zeta potential of nanoparticles were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), respectively. The stability of plasmids in the process of nanoparticles preparation was investigated through the agrose gel electrophoresis. The expression of plasmids delivered by nanoparticles was observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. The transfection efficiency of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles was assayed by flow cytometry. Results The preparation condition of DNA-chitosan nanoparticles with high transfection efficency was optimized successfully. Under the optimum preparative conditions, the DNA-chitosan nanoparticles were almost spherical. The average size of nanoparticles was 217.6nm, and distributed in a narrow range with a polydispersity index of 0.241. The zeta potential was +22.4 mV, which suggested that a den-sity of positive charge exist onto the surface of nanoparticles and consequently enhanced the stability of nanoparticles suspension. The results of gel electrophoresis showed that plasmids were not destroyed in the process of nanoparticles preparation. The cell transfection of nanoparticles was very highly efficient. The nanoparticles could effectively deliver the pEGFP plasmids into cells to express the green fluorescent protein at a high level. Conclusion The established mathematic models have the good predictive function. Under the optimum preparative conditions, the DNA-chitosan nanoparticles have the high potential of cell transfection.
2014, 32(6): 425-427,433.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.007
Abstract:
Objective To screen potential active anti-cancer components of Brucea javanica. Methods This research has employed comprehensive two dimensional chromatographic technology and cell membrane chromatographic technology simultaneously with mass spectrometry as detector. Results Adenosine and Bruceine B were found to be potentially anti-cancer active. Conclusion This study has combined the advantages of online, high speed and high throughput for the screen of potential active components of traditional Chinese medicine.
Objective To screen potential active anti-cancer components of Brucea javanica. Methods This research has employed comprehensive two dimensional chromatographic technology and cell membrane chromatographic technology simultaneously with mass spectrometry as detector. Results Adenosine and Bruceine B were found to be potentially anti-cancer active. Conclusion This study has combined the advantages of online, high speed and high throughput for the screen of potential active components of traditional Chinese medicine.
2014, 32(6): 428-433.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.008
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the optimal method for synthesizing thiolated doxorubicin. Methods Thiolated doxorubicin was synthesized through two different methods. Doxorubicin was reacted with 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) and S-acetylthioglycolic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SATA),respectively. The synthesized thiolated doxorubicin was further characterized by HPLC and MS-ESI techniques. Several factors including molar ratios as well as reaction time were evaluated. Results The results showed that thiolated doxorubicin could be synthesized via both of the two methods successfully. Thiolated doxorubicin could be stable when doxorubicin was reacted with SATA. But the crude thiolated doxorubicin could be cyclized easily when doxorubicin was reacted with 2-IT. Conclusion Thiolated doxorubicin prepared with SATA is more feasible than that with 2-IT.
Objective To investigate the optimal method for synthesizing thiolated doxorubicin. Methods Thiolated doxorubicin was synthesized through two different methods. Doxorubicin was reacted with 2-iminothiolane (2-IT) and S-acetylthioglycolic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SATA),respectively. The synthesized thiolated doxorubicin was further characterized by HPLC and MS-ESI techniques. Several factors including molar ratios as well as reaction time were evaluated. Results The results showed that thiolated doxorubicin could be synthesized via both of the two methods successfully. Thiolated doxorubicin could be stable when doxorubicin was reacted with SATA. But the crude thiolated doxorubicin could be cyclized easily when doxorubicin was reacted with 2-IT. Conclusion Thiolated doxorubicin prepared with SATA is more feasible than that with 2-IT.
2014, 32(6): 434-439.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.009
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the protein stability and hemolytic activity of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Methods Effects of various factors and treatments on the protein stability and hemolytic activity of TE were explored by protein detection, hemolytic assay and SDS-PAGE analysis. Results TE caused a significant and dose-dependent hemolytic effect, and the HU50 of TE against 0.5% erythrocyte suspensions from SD rats was 226 μg/ml. A 40℃ water bath for 1 hour could effectively remove the contaminating proteins in TE. TE retained hemolytic activity at 4℃ for 28 days but it was unstable when kept at 25℃ over 3 days. TE was active in the range from pH 6.0 to 11.0 and the optimum pH was 8.0. Various buffer solutions had significantly different effects on the stability and hemolytic activity of TE, and a good salting-out effect was observed on the hemolytic protein of TE while the concentration of ammonium sulfate solutions was greater than 26%. Conclusion A 40℃ water bath for 1 hour could effectively remove the contaminating proteins in TE and reduce its viscosity. The optimum conditions for maintaining stability and hemolytic activity of TE were 4℃ and pH 8.0. The salting-out effect from 26% and more ammonium sulfate solutions would be conducive to the enrichment of hemolytic protein.
Objective To investigate the influencing factors of the protein stability and hemolytic activity of tentacle extract (TE) from the jellyfish Cyanea capillata. Methods Effects of various factors and treatments on the protein stability and hemolytic activity of TE were explored by protein detection, hemolytic assay and SDS-PAGE analysis. Results TE caused a significant and dose-dependent hemolytic effect, and the HU50 of TE against 0.5% erythrocyte suspensions from SD rats was 226 μg/ml. A 40℃ water bath for 1 hour could effectively remove the contaminating proteins in TE. TE retained hemolytic activity at 4℃ for 28 days but it was unstable when kept at 25℃ over 3 days. TE was active in the range from pH 6.0 to 11.0 and the optimum pH was 8.0. Various buffer solutions had significantly different effects on the stability and hemolytic activity of TE, and a good salting-out effect was observed on the hemolytic protein of TE while the concentration of ammonium sulfate solutions was greater than 26%. Conclusion A 40℃ water bath for 1 hour could effectively remove the contaminating proteins in TE and reduce its viscosity. The optimum conditions for maintaining stability and hemolytic activity of TE were 4℃ and pH 8.0. The salting-out effect from 26% and more ammonium sulfate solutions would be conducive to the enrichment of hemolytic protein.
2014, 32(6): 440-443.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.010
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of TG6 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods the protective effects of TG6 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was investigated by setting up models of ischemia and reperfusion of rats induced by ligating the left coronary anterior descending artery in vivo,isolated rat hearts through an improved Langendorff device, and hypoxia /reoxygenation injury of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the serum CK,LDH,T-SOD, MDA were taken as research markers. Results TG6 significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased the activity of CK and the content of MDA in serum, reduced the activity of LDH, and increased the activity of T-SOD in vivo;TG6 obviously increased the coronary blood flow after low rate perfusion and reperfusion, decreased the content of MDA and the leakage of CK, LDH in myocardial tissue, elevated the activity of T-SOD in vitro of isolated rat hearts;TG6 had no effects on cells in normal growth condition, raised the viability of cardiomyocytes significantly, and reduced the rate of CK leakage and the content of [Ca2＋]i obviously in Na2S2O4 treated cells in vitro of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Conclusion TG6 could effectively protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Objective To investigate the protective effects and mechanism of TG6 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods the protective effects of TG6 on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion was investigated by setting up models of ischemia and reperfusion of rats induced by ligating the left coronary anterior descending artery in vivo,isolated rat hearts through an improved Langendorff device, and hypoxia /reoxygenation injury of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the serum CK,LDH,T-SOD, MDA were taken as research markers. Results TG6 significantly reduced the myocardial infarct size, decreased the activity of CK and the content of MDA in serum, reduced the activity of LDH, and increased the activity of T-SOD in vivo;TG6 obviously increased the coronary blood flow after low rate perfusion and reperfusion, decreased the content of MDA and the leakage of CK, LDH in myocardial tissue, elevated the activity of T-SOD in vitro of isolated rat hearts;TG6 had no effects on cells in normal growth condition, raised the viability of cardiomyocytes significantly, and reduced the rate of CK leakage and the content of [Ca2＋]i obviously in Na2S2O4 treated cells in vitro of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Conclusion TG6 could effectively protect myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
2014, 32(6): 444-447.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.011
Abstract:
Objective To develop a novel skin microdialysis technology in vivo,and to determine the pharmacokinetic of baicalin after transdermal administration in rats. Methods An HPLC-MS/MS method used for the determination of baicalin in skin microdialysis samples was established,SD rats were pretreated with skin microdialysis operation under anesthesia, and then the baicalin gel was applied to the skin surface of probe in vivo. The baicalin concentration of skin microdialysates was determined, the time curve of baicalin concentration was drawn and the topical pharmacokinetics parameters of percutaneous absorption was calculated. Results Baicalin was optimized at the transitions m/z 447.3→271.2. The linearity correlation was good and the assay exhibited good precision and accuracy. The subcutaneous probe recovery of baicalin in vivo was(24.40±0.91)% and was stable over the 240 min study period. Baicalin could be detected in the microdialysis samples after transdermal administration, and its concentration continued to rise in 8 h. AUC0-t in skin tissue was(50.04±34.17) mg·min·L-1. Conclusion The method of skin microdialysis in vivo could be used in the local pharmacokinetic research of baicalin.
Objective To develop a novel skin microdialysis technology in vivo,and to determine the pharmacokinetic of baicalin after transdermal administration in rats. Methods An HPLC-MS/MS method used for the determination of baicalin in skin microdialysis samples was established,SD rats were pretreated with skin microdialysis operation under anesthesia, and then the baicalin gel was applied to the skin surface of probe in vivo. The baicalin concentration of skin microdialysates was determined, the time curve of baicalin concentration was drawn and the topical pharmacokinetics parameters of percutaneous absorption was calculated. Results Baicalin was optimized at the transitions m/z 447.3→271.2. The linearity correlation was good and the assay exhibited good precision and accuracy. The subcutaneous probe recovery of baicalin in vivo was(24.40±0.91)% and was stable over the 240 min study period. Baicalin could be detected in the microdialysis samples after transdermal administration, and its concentration continued to rise in 8 h. AUC0-t in skin tissue was(50.04±34.17) mg·min·L-1. Conclusion The method of skin microdialysis in vivo could be used in the local pharmacokinetic research of baicalin.
2014, 32(6): 448-452.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.012
Abstract:
Objective To identify the chemical components in Artemisiae argyi folium by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOFMS). Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse C18 column (2.1 mmü100 mm,1.8 μm ). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid (B) were in gradient elution.The flowing rate was 0.35 ml/min, the injection volume was 1 μl and the temperature of column was 40℃. Time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) with electro spray ion source (ESI) was applied to qualitative analysis under the positive ion mode,and mass scan range was m/z 100-1 500. Results 31 chemical compounds in Artemisiae argyi folium were identified unequivocally. Conclusion A rapid and efficient RRLC-TOFMS approach for identifying the chemical constituents of Artemisiae argyi folium had been successfully established,which paved a way for quality control and further in vivo studies of Artemisiae argyi folium.
Objective To identify the chemical components in Artemisiae argyi folium by rapid resolution liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (RRLC-TOFMS). Methods The separation was performed on an Agilent Eclipse C18 column (2.1 mmü100 mm,1.8 μm ). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% formic acid (B) were in gradient elution.The flowing rate was 0.35 ml/min, the injection volume was 1 μl and the temperature of column was 40℃. Time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) with electro spray ion source (ESI) was applied to qualitative analysis under the positive ion mode,and mass scan range was m/z 100-1 500. Results 31 chemical compounds in Artemisiae argyi folium were identified unequivocally. Conclusion A rapid and efficient RRLC-TOFMS approach for identifying the chemical constituents of Artemisiae argyi folium had been successfully established,which paved a way for quality control and further in vivo studies of Artemisiae argyi folium.
2014, 32(6): 453-455,479.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.013
Abstract:
Objective To describe the profile of probiotics utilization in hospitalized pneumonia children and evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in hospitalized children combined with antibiotics. Methods Descriptive data analysis was obtained from the medical records in one children's hospital in one year period. The clinical data including patient characteristics, drug prescribed time, drug use duration, and length of stay was reviewed. Ridit analysis was used to compare the data. Results Data of 2 974 children hospitalized for pneumonia was accessed. Antibiotics were prescribed to 99.1% (n=2 948) of patients, probiotics were prescribed to 42.1% (n=1 252) of patients, and both antibiotics and probiotics were prescribed to 41.9%(n=1 246). The median of the time to start administration of probiotics was the second day of hospitalization and the mode was the first day of hospitalization. For those patients who were prescribed antibiotics combined with probiotics, the median of the duration of administration of antibiotics before accepting probiotics was 3 days and the mode was 1 day. After administrating probiotics, the median of the duration of accepting of antibiotics was 5 days, the mode was 4 days, and the median and the mode of the duration of administration of probiotics were 4 days. 21% (n=626) of all hospitalized patients were administrated anti-diarrheals. The most common age group of them were neonates and infants (82.3%, n=515). The patients with anti-diarrheal who was administrated antibiotics with or without probiotics were 585(47.0%), 34(2.0%), respectively (P<0.05). The median of duration of anti-diarrheals in those administrated antibiotics with probiotics was 4 days, the mode was 3 days and the interquartile range was 2-6 days. For those administrated antibiotics without probiotics, the median of duration of anti-diarrheals was 3 days, the mode was 1 day and the interquartile range was 1-6 days (P>0.05). The median of the length of stay in those administrated antibiotics with probiotics was 7 days, the mode was 6 days and the interquartile range was 6-9 days. For those administrated antibiotics without probiotics, the median and the mode of the length of stay were 7 days and the interquartile range was 6-9 days(P>0.05). Conclusion The time of starting to administrate probiotics was mainly within 2 days combined with antibiotics. The aim of prescribed probiotics was prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There was no significant difference in the duration of the following antibiotic therapy, the duration of anti-diarrhea therapy, the length of stay between those administrated antibiotics combination with or without probiotics.
Objective To describe the profile of probiotics utilization in hospitalized pneumonia children and evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of pneumonia in hospitalized children combined with antibiotics. Methods Descriptive data analysis was obtained from the medical records in one children's hospital in one year period. The clinical data including patient characteristics, drug prescribed time, drug use duration, and length of stay was reviewed. Ridit analysis was used to compare the data. Results Data of 2 974 children hospitalized for pneumonia was accessed. Antibiotics were prescribed to 99.1% (n=2 948) of patients, probiotics were prescribed to 42.1% (n=1 252) of patients, and both antibiotics and probiotics were prescribed to 41.9%(n=1 246). The median of the time to start administration of probiotics was the second day of hospitalization and the mode was the first day of hospitalization. For those patients who were prescribed antibiotics combined with probiotics, the median of the duration of administration of antibiotics before accepting probiotics was 3 days and the mode was 1 day. After administrating probiotics, the median of the duration of accepting of antibiotics was 5 days, the mode was 4 days, and the median and the mode of the duration of administration of probiotics were 4 days. 21% (n=626) of all hospitalized patients were administrated anti-diarrheals. The most common age group of them were neonates and infants (82.3%, n=515). The patients with anti-diarrheal who was administrated antibiotics with or without probiotics were 585(47.0%), 34(2.0%), respectively (P<0.05). The median of duration of anti-diarrheals in those administrated antibiotics with probiotics was 4 days, the mode was 3 days and the interquartile range was 2-6 days. For those administrated antibiotics without probiotics, the median of duration of anti-diarrheals was 3 days, the mode was 1 day and the interquartile range was 1-6 days (P>0.05). The median of the length of stay in those administrated antibiotics with probiotics was 7 days, the mode was 6 days and the interquartile range was 6-9 days. For those administrated antibiotics without probiotics, the median and the mode of the length of stay were 7 days and the interquartile range was 6-9 days(P>0.05). Conclusion The time of starting to administrate probiotics was mainly within 2 days combined with antibiotics. The aim of prescribed probiotics was prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. There was no significant difference in the duration of the following antibiotic therapy, the duration of anti-diarrhea therapy, the length of stay between those administrated antibiotics combination with or without probiotics.
2014, 32(6): 456-459.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.014
Abstract:
Objective To prepare the water soluble chrysin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins inclusion compound and widen the administration path of chrysin. Methods The cogrinding method had been used to prepare chrysin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins inclusion compound. The PXRD, DSC and IR techniques had been used to characterize the inclusion compound. Results Chrysin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins had formed the inclusion compound, and the formation of the inclusion compound could increase solubility by 120.7 times. Conclusion The inclusion compound preparation method was simple and available, which was suitable to improve the bioavailability.
Objective To prepare the water soluble chrysin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins inclusion compound and widen the administration path of chrysin. Methods The cogrinding method had been used to prepare chrysin-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins inclusion compound. The PXRD, DSC and IR techniques had been used to characterize the inclusion compound. Results Chrysin and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrins had formed the inclusion compound, and the formation of the inclusion compound could increase solubility by 120.7 times. Conclusion The inclusion compound preparation method was simple and available, which was suitable to improve the bioavailability.
2014, 32(6): 460-461,468.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.015
Abstract:
Objective To explore the content and effect of carrying out pharmaceutical care by participating in geriatric diabetes mellitus complicated with pulmonary infection in patients. Methods Pharmacy services elaborated form, content, priorities and results were elaborated through a typical case. Results The implementation of pharmaceutical care, improved the clinical treatment effect and the compliance of patients, to avoid adverse drug reactions and drug interactions which might occur. Conclusion Individualized pharmacy services could reflect the value of clinical pharmacists, which might be starting from the point of clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceutical service.
Objective To explore the content and effect of carrying out pharmaceutical care by participating in geriatric diabetes mellitus complicated with pulmonary infection in patients. Methods Pharmacy services elaborated form, content, priorities and results were elaborated through a typical case. Results The implementation of pharmaceutical care, improved the clinical treatment effect and the compliance of patients, to avoid adverse drug reactions and drug interactions which might occur. Conclusion Individualized pharmacy services could reflect the value of clinical pharmacists, which might be starting from the point of clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceutical service.
2014, 32(6): 462-464.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.016
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the value of clinical pharmacists in clinical treatment through the practice of clinical pharmacists participating in clinical drug treatment and providing pharmaceutical care to patients. Methods Clinical pharmacists were involved in therapeutic scheme making, medication education and drug effect and adverse reaction tracking of one patient of liver cirrhosis complicated with pleural effusion. Results The effects of drug treatment were improved and the adverse drug reactions were reduced after the participation of pharmacist in clinical treatment and the implementation of pharmaceutical care for the patient. Conclusion The participation of pharmacist in clinical drug therapy could enhance normative and reasonable usage of drugs. This participation is decisive and valuable in clinical treatment.
Objective To investigate the value of clinical pharmacists in clinical treatment through the practice of clinical pharmacists participating in clinical drug treatment and providing pharmaceutical care to patients. Methods Clinical pharmacists were involved in therapeutic scheme making, medication education and drug effect and adverse reaction tracking of one patient of liver cirrhosis complicated with pleural effusion. Results The effects of drug treatment were improved and the adverse drug reactions were reduced after the participation of pharmacist in clinical treatment and the implementation of pharmaceutical care for the patient. Conclusion The participation of pharmacist in clinical drug therapy could enhance normative and reasonable usage of drugs. This participation is decisive and valuable in clinical treatment.
2014, 32(6): 465-468.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.017
Abstract:
Objective To offer suggestions for how to administrate irregular usage of drug prescriptions in clinic. Methods The objective reasons and the hidden danger of irregular usage of drug prescriptions were analyzed. The existing international administration experience was searched and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results The existence of off-label use was rational because the drug instruction had its loophole, and the information usually was lagged updated. However, off-label use could increase risks for both patients and doctors, which should be administrated by the government. International experience includes: set up clinical evidence references, encourage drug companies to update instructions in time;establish independent drug information organization. Conclusion Irregular usage of drug prescriptions had its rationality and necessity. Relative regulations should be formulated in China as soon as possible. Irregular usage of drug prescriptions should follow certain principles. Active information support should be offered from related organization. Media administration and public education should be focused.
Objective To offer suggestions for how to administrate irregular usage of drug prescriptions in clinic. Methods The objective reasons and the hidden danger of irregular usage of drug prescriptions were analyzed. The existing international administration experience was searched and descriptive analysis was conducted. Results The existence of off-label use was rational because the drug instruction had its loophole, and the information usually was lagged updated. However, off-label use could increase risks for both patients and doctors, which should be administrated by the government. International experience includes: set up clinical evidence references, encourage drug companies to update instructions in time;establish independent drug information organization. Conclusion Irregular usage of drug prescriptions had its rationality and necessity. Relative regulations should be formulated in China as soon as possible. Irregular usage of drug prescriptions should follow certain principles. Active information support should be offered from related organization. Media administration and public education should be focused.
2014, 32(6): 469-472.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.018
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic analgesics used in 29 hospitals of Nanjing from 2010 to 2012 and provide references for reasonable clinical drug utility. Methods Consumption of narcotic analgesics in 29 hospitals of Nanjing was analyzed retrospectively in terms of sales value, DDDs, DDC, etc.The DDDs, sales value and variety of narcotic analgesics were analyzed statistically according to the level, type and district of hospitals. Results There were a total of 13 kinds of narcotic analgesics in the 29 hospitals and the sales value increased yearly. During the 3 years,the DDDs of fentanyl citrate injection,fentanyl transdermal system and remifentanil hydrochloride were ranked in the forefront and the DDDs rank of controlled-release morphine and controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride was stable. The sales value and DDDs in Drum Tower District were greater than other districts and increased yearly. Conclusion The application of narcotics analgesic in 29 hospitals of Nanjing was rational and complied with the relevant national regulations.
Objective To evaluate the current situation and trend of narcotic analgesics used in 29 hospitals of Nanjing from 2010 to 2012 and provide references for reasonable clinical drug utility. Methods Consumption of narcotic analgesics in 29 hospitals of Nanjing was analyzed retrospectively in terms of sales value, DDDs, DDC, etc.The DDDs, sales value and variety of narcotic analgesics were analyzed statistically according to the level, type and district of hospitals. Results There were a total of 13 kinds of narcotic analgesics in the 29 hospitals and the sales value increased yearly. During the 3 years,the DDDs of fentanyl citrate injection,fentanyl transdermal system and remifentanil hydrochloride were ranked in the forefront and the DDDs rank of controlled-release morphine and controlled-release oxycodone hydrochloride was stable. The sales value and DDDs in Drum Tower District were greater than other districts and increased yearly. Conclusion The application of narcotics analgesic in 29 hospitals of Nanjing was rational and complied with the relevant national regulations.
2014, 32(6): 473-475.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.019
Abstract:
Objective To summarize the experience of clinical pharmacist's work and explore the working method of pharmaceutical care in the department of orthopedics. Methods With the characteristics of the orthopedics department, clinical pharmacists should provide pharmaceutical care in steps. At present, we focus on pharmaceutical inquisition, management of antibiotics use of perioperative patients, and assisting doctors on the treatment of infectious patients and choosing proper analgesics. Results The work was gradually been accepted by doctors and nurses, and their requirement for clinical pharmacist was increased, which enhanced the basis of depth and breadth of pharmaceutical care in the future. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should grasp the feature of orthopedics department and improve their working capability gradually, thus to supply pharmaceutical care for the clinic with better quality.
Objective To summarize the experience of clinical pharmacist's work and explore the working method of pharmaceutical care in the department of orthopedics. Methods With the characteristics of the orthopedics department, clinical pharmacists should provide pharmaceutical care in steps. At present, we focus on pharmaceutical inquisition, management of antibiotics use of perioperative patients, and assisting doctors on the treatment of infectious patients and choosing proper analgesics. Results The work was gradually been accepted by doctors and nurses, and their requirement for clinical pharmacist was increased, which enhanced the basis of depth and breadth of pharmaceutical care in the future. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists should grasp the feature of orthopedics department and improve their working capability gradually, thus to supply pharmaceutical care for the clinic with better quality.
2014, 32(6): 476-479.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.06.020
Abstract:
Objective To establish personnel training program for higher vocational pharmacy by investigating occupation duties in pharmacy graduates. Methods The employment of pharmacy graduates from higher vocational school was investigated. The professional knowledge, ability and quality in the jobs were analyzed so as to constitute the career-oriented personnel training program. Results The career-oriented practical personnel training program was established. Conclusion The career-oriented personnel training program can improve the quality of education of higher vocational pharmacy major.
Objective To establish personnel training program for higher vocational pharmacy by investigating occupation duties in pharmacy graduates. Methods The employment of pharmacy graduates from higher vocational school was investigated. The professional knowledge, ability and quality in the jobs were analyzed so as to constitute the career-oriented personnel training program. Results The career-oriented practical personnel training program was established. Conclusion The career-oriented personnel training program can improve the quality of education of higher vocational pharmacy major.
Contribution System
Author Login
Review Login
Editor Login
Reader Login
News