2014 Vol. 32, No. 2
Display Method:
2014, 32(2): 81-84.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.001
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Objective Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that nicotine (the addictive component of cigarettes) binds to high affinity cell-surface receptors and accelerates the atherogenic process. These receptors were called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and expressed ubiquitously in almost all cells existing in the blood vessels. Therefore, the pro-atherogenic effects of nAChR pathway ligands were summarized which would enhance the understanding of the role of nicotine and nAChR in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The signaling pathways underlying nAChR subunits in cells were described that play an important role in atherosclerosis, i.e. VSMCs, endothelial cells, platelets and immune cells. How these pathways converge on the growth and survival of atheromatous plaques were also discussed. Finally, the feasibility of nAChR ligands as therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis was summarized.
Objective Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease in the vessel wall. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis. Recent studies have shown that nicotine (the addictive component of cigarettes) binds to high affinity cell-surface receptors and accelerates the atherogenic process. These receptors were called nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and expressed ubiquitously in almost all cells existing in the blood vessels. Therefore, the pro-atherogenic effects of nAChR pathway ligands were summarized which would enhance the understanding of the role of nicotine and nAChR in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The signaling pathways underlying nAChR subunits in cells were described that play an important role in atherosclerosis, i.e. VSMCs, endothelial cells, platelets and immune cells. How these pathways converge on the growth and survival of atheromatous plaques were also discussed. Finally, the feasibility of nAChR ligands as therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis was summarized.
2014, 32(2): 85-87.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.002
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Objective To review the composition of lipolysis model and the application in the in vitro evaluation of lipid formulations, provide reference for promoting the development of lipid formulations. Methods Recent relevant literatures were analyzed and summarized. Results In vitro lipolysis model could accurately reflect the in vivo nature of lipid formulations, and a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro could be established. Conclusion There is a good prospect in using lipolysis model for screening and evaluation of lipid formulations.
Objective To review the composition of lipolysis model and the application in the in vitro evaluation of lipid formulations, provide reference for promoting the development of lipid formulations. Methods Recent relevant literatures were analyzed and summarized. Results In vitro lipolysis model could accurately reflect the in vivo nature of lipid formulations, and a good correlation between in vivo and in vitro could be established. Conclusion There is a good prospect in using lipolysis model for screening and evaluation of lipid formulations.
2014, 32(2): 88-91.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.003
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Based on the related literature study on the pharmacokinetic research on compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),common methods of research as well as some constantly emerging new theories and new methods were summarized, research focus and difficulties of the pharmacokinetics of compound prescriptions of TCM were also discussed.The importance of the research were expounded.
Based on the related literature study on the pharmacokinetic research on compound prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM),common methods of research as well as some constantly emerging new theories and new methods were summarized, research focus and difficulties of the pharmacokinetics of compound prescriptions of TCM were also discussed.The importance of the research were expounded.
2014, 32(2): 92-95,106.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.004
Abstract:
Objective To review the principle of qNMR and applications progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) analysis in recent ten years. Methods Literatures in recent ten years which concerning the application of qNMR technology in TCM analysis were reviewed. Results qNMR had high specificity and accuracy as a well-developed quantitative analysis method. Conclusion The qNMR had been used in many fields of TCM analysis, such as quality control, purity detection, quantification of active ingredients in vivo, and so on.
Objective To review the principle of qNMR and applications progress in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) analysis in recent ten years. Methods Literatures in recent ten years which concerning the application of qNMR technology in TCM analysis were reviewed. Results qNMR had high specificity and accuracy as a well-developed quantitative analysis method. Conclusion The qNMR had been used in many fields of TCM analysis, such as quality control, purity detection, quantification of active ingredients in vivo, and so on.
2014, 32(2): 96-97,149.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.005
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Ionizing radiation is able to induce tissue damage, which is related to cell apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation, etc. The signaling pathway underlying radiation-induced apoptosis remains unclear. However, it's well-accepted that several targets were activated in this process, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p38, ceramide, free radicals, etc. Based on these targets, the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced tissue damage was elaborated in this review briefly.
Ionizing radiation is able to induce tissue damage, which is related to cell apoptosis, necrosis and inflammation, etc. The signaling pathway underlying radiation-induced apoptosis remains unclear. However, it's well-accepted that several targets were activated in this process, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, p53, p38, ceramide, free radicals, etc. Based on these targets, the role of apoptosis in radiation-induced tissue damage was elaborated in this review briefly.
2014, 32(2): 98-101,120.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.006
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Objective To study the designing,synthesis and anti-tumor activities of the novel 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-ethyl-furan-3-amide derivatives. Methods 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and diethyl malonate were used as the starting materials to synthesize a series of target compounds through a multi-step reaction. Results 15 compounds were synthesized and their anti-tumor activities were tested against A549, QGY, HeLa and SW480 cell lines. Conclusion Target compounds showed good anti-tumor activities, compound 5b showed best broad spectrum activities, which was worth to continued study.
Objective To study the designing,synthesis and anti-tumor activities of the novel 2-(4-trifluoromethylphenyl)-4-ethyl-furan-3-amide derivatives. Methods 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde and diethyl malonate were used as the starting materials to synthesize a series of target compounds through a multi-step reaction. Results 15 compounds were synthesized and their anti-tumor activities were tested against A549, QGY, HeLa and SW480 cell lines. Conclusion Target compounds showed good anti-tumor activities, compound 5b showed best broad spectrum activities, which was worth to continued study.
2014, 32(2): 102-106.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.007
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Objective To study the synthesis and anti-platelet aggregative activity of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. Methods 17 target compounds were designed, synthesized and determined via 1H-NMR spectra and MS. The anti-platelet aggregative activities of the target compounds in vitro were assessed by Born method. Results The results of preliminary pharmacological test showed that all the target compounds had good anti-platelet aggregative activity in vitro and compounds 3, 6 and 10 were the best candidates, which had 22.2, 12.8 and 8.6 times than positive control, respectively. Conclusion 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid derivatives had a pharmacological activity of anti-coagulation. The anti-platelet aggregative activities of compounds 3, 6 and 10 could be worth to further research.
Objective To study the synthesis and anti-platelet aggregative activity of 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid derivatives. Methods 17 target compounds were designed, synthesized and determined via 1H-NMR spectra and MS. The anti-platelet aggregative activities of the target compounds in vitro were assessed by Born method. Results The results of preliminary pharmacological test showed that all the target compounds had good anti-platelet aggregative activity in vitro and compounds 3, 6 and 10 were the best candidates, which had 22.2, 12.8 and 8.6 times than positive control, respectively. Conclusion 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-vinyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-carboxylic acid derivatives had a pharmacological activity of anti-coagulation. The anti-platelet aggregative activities of compounds 3, 6 and 10 could be worth to further research.
2014, 32(2): 107-109,123.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.008
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Objective To study the antiplatelet aggregative activity of 6-(4-substitued acetamino-phenyl 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones with different amino group. Methods Nine target compounds were designed and synthesized.All of them were confirmed by 1H-NMR spectra. Born method was applied for preliminary pharmacological test in vitro. Results All of the target compounds were not reported. The results of preliminary pharmacological test showed that all the target compounds exhibited potent antiplatelet aggregative activity to a certain extent.Compounds 9c, 9e and 9i were better than MCI-154 and CCI-17910 in vitro. Conclusion Inletting different substituted amino groups could enhance the antiplatelet aggregation activity of the compounds.
Objective To study the antiplatelet aggregative activity of 6-(4-substitued acetamino-phenyl 4,5-dihydro-3(2H)-pyridazinones with different amino group. Methods Nine target compounds were designed and synthesized.All of them were confirmed by 1H-NMR spectra. Born method was applied for preliminary pharmacological test in vitro. Results All of the target compounds were not reported. The results of preliminary pharmacological test showed that all the target compounds exhibited potent antiplatelet aggregative activity to a certain extent.Compounds 9c, 9e and 9i were better than MCI-154 and CCI-17910 in vitro. Conclusion Inletting different substituted amino groups could enhance the antiplatelet aggregation activity of the compounds.
2014, 32(2): 110-113,127.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.009
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Objective To evaluate the protective effect of ulinastatin on reperfusion injury of liver graft in rats and the related mechanisms. Methods The orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model between syngeneic Sprague-Dawley rats was used, and recipient rats were allocated in three groups:sham operation (SO) group, control group, and ulinastatin (UTI) group. Just after OLT procedure, rats in UTI group received ulinastatin injection at a dose of 1×104 IU/kg by tail vein, and rats in control group received saline injection with equal dose. Four rats at 6 hour and the others at 24 hour after OLT were sacrificed; the sera and liver were collected. The ALT levels in serum were detected and hepatic histological changes and hepatocellular apoptosis were examined. The infiltration of Kupffer cells was detected by immunochemistry analysis, and the relative mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the liver tissue and the content of these cytokines in the sera were measured with real time PCR and ELISA. The activation of transcription factor NF-κB was measured with Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with the rats in control group, at the same time-point rats in UTI group exhibited lower levels of ALT (P<0.01), better hepatic histological changes (P<0.01), less hepatocellular apoptosis (P<0.01), lower mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1 in the liver tissue and lower content of these cytokines in the sera (P<0.01). Moreover, the activation of NF-κB in UTI group was significantly down-regulated in comparison with that in control group. Conclusion Ulinastatin could reduce reperfusion injury for liver graft via inhibiting inflammatory response and deserve deep research as novel protective agent.
Objective To evaluate the protective effect of ulinastatin on reperfusion injury of liver graft in rats and the related mechanisms. Methods The orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) model between syngeneic Sprague-Dawley rats was used, and recipient rats were allocated in three groups:sham operation (SO) group, control group, and ulinastatin (UTI) group. Just after OLT procedure, rats in UTI group received ulinastatin injection at a dose of 1×104 IU/kg by tail vein, and rats in control group received saline injection with equal dose. Four rats at 6 hour and the others at 24 hour after OLT were sacrificed; the sera and liver were collected. The ALT levels in serum were detected and hepatic histological changes and hepatocellular apoptosis were examined. The infiltration of Kupffer cells was detected by immunochemistry analysis, and the relative mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in the liver tissue and the content of these cytokines in the sera were measured with real time PCR and ELISA. The activation of transcription factor NF-κB was measured with Western blotting analysis. Results Compared with the rats in control group, at the same time-point rats in UTI group exhibited lower levels of ALT (P<0.01), better hepatic histological changes (P<0.01), less hepatocellular apoptosis (P<0.01), lower mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and MCP-1 in the liver tissue and lower content of these cytokines in the sera (P<0.01). Moreover, the activation of NF-κB in UTI group was significantly down-regulated in comparison with that in control group. Conclusion Ulinastatin could reduce reperfusion injury for liver graft via inhibiting inflammatory response and deserve deep research as novel protective agent.
2014, 32(2): 114-117,146.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.010
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Objective To systematically investigate the factors of preparation of ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets for water-soluble drug. Methods Cordilox was taken as a water-soluble model drug, accumulative release rate was taken as index testing by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,to study the influencing factors through single-factor test, to determine the release degree of ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets. Results These preparation parameters such as preparation method, amount, viscosity and grain size and manufacturer of ethyl cellulose ethoce, tablet hardness and specific surface area that were proved to had significantly influence on the accumulative release rate. Conclusion After a series of comprehensive researches, some references could be provided for further study on in vitro release of water-soluble drug from ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets.
Objective To systematically investigate the factors of preparation of ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets for water-soluble drug. Methods Cordilox was taken as a water-soluble model drug, accumulative release rate was taken as index testing by ultraviolet spectrophotometry,to study the influencing factors through single-factor test, to determine the release degree of ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets. Results These preparation parameters such as preparation method, amount, viscosity and grain size and manufacturer of ethyl cellulose ethoce, tablet hardness and specific surface area that were proved to had significantly influence on the accumulative release rate. Conclusion After a series of comprehensive researches, some references could be provided for further study on in vitro release of water-soluble drug from ethyl cellulose ethoce matrix sustained-release tablets.
2014, 32(2): 118-120.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.011
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Objective To discuss the effectiveness of defibrase in the treatment of NSTEMI and effects of defibrase on the prognosis of NSTEMI. Methods 86 patients with NSTEMI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, patients received standard treatment, and treatment group added defibrase. Results The effective rates of the treatment group was significantly higher than control group, the level of myocardial enzymes and hs-CRP was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Based on standard treatment with defibrase was more conducive to improve clinical symptoms, reduce complications, and there were some inhibitory effect on the development of myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Objective To discuss the effectiveness of defibrase in the treatment of NSTEMI and effects of defibrase on the prognosis of NSTEMI. Methods 86 patients with NSTEMI were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, patients received standard treatment, and treatment group added defibrase. Results The effective rates of the treatment group was significantly higher than control group, the level of myocardial enzymes and hs-CRP was significantly lower than control group(P<0.05). Conclusion Based on standard treatment with defibrase was more conducive to improve clinical symptoms, reduce complications, and there were some inhibitory effect on the development of myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction.
2014, 32(2): 121-123.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.012
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Objective To establish the HPLC method for the determination of gardenoside and paeoniflorin in Ankun granule. Methods The column was Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),and the acetonitrile-water(14:86) was used as the mobile phase.The detective wavelength was set at 230 nm. Results For the gardenoside,the linear range was 0.0715 2-0.357 6 μg,r=0.999 8 and the average recovery was 98.22% with RSD of 1.25%.For the Paeoniflorin,the linear range was 0.071 97-0.359 85 μg,r=0.999 2 and the average recovery was 98.40% with RSD of 0.68%. Conclusion The method was simple,reliable,and accurate which could be applied to the quality control of the drug.
Objective To establish the HPLC method for the determination of gardenoside and paeoniflorin in Ankun granule. Methods The column was Agilent Eclipse XDB C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),and the acetonitrile-water(14:86) was used as the mobile phase.The detective wavelength was set at 230 nm. Results For the gardenoside,the linear range was 0.0715 2-0.357 6 μg,r=0.999 8 and the average recovery was 98.22% with RSD of 1.25%.For the Paeoniflorin,the linear range was 0.071 97-0.359 85 μg,r=0.999 2 and the average recovery was 98.40% with RSD of 0.68%. Conclusion The method was simple,reliable,and accurate which could be applied to the quality control of the drug.
2014, 32(2): 124-127.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.013
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Objective To study the influence of external recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) gel on wound healing after LEEP for curing the CIN. Methods 124 patients with CIN were selected and divided into two groups:the treatment group (73 cases) and the control group (51 cases). Both two groups were treated by LEEP, and the wound were covered by rhGM-CSF gel and sterile gauze, respectively. And then, the wound healing status of these two groups (the bleeding time and amount of vagina, preliminary healing time of wound callusing), curative effect and incidence of complications of these two groups were observed,and analyzed. Results The incidence of vaginal bleeding in both treatment group and control group whose bleeding time ≤ 2 weeks, >2weeks but ≤ 3weeks, >3weeks but ≤ 5 weeks, >5 weeks were 93.15% vs 23.52%, 5.48% vs 41.18%, 1.37% vs 17.39% and 0.00% vs 13.73%, respectively. The incidence of vaginal bleeding amount in both groups whose amount ≤ 20 ml, 21-49 ml and > 50 ml were 91.78% vs 27.45%, 8.22% vs 62.75% and 0.00% vs 9.80%, respectively. The average time for the wound healing of both groups were 8.1±2.4 days and 17.7±3.5 days, and these differences were all had statistical significance(P<0.05). The effective rates were 98.63% and 86.27%(P<0.05) when the patients were visited after 6 months. The incidence of complications were 1.37% and 13.73%(P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion rhGM-CSF could accelerate the wound healing of CIN patients after LEEP, and reduce the incidence of complications.
Objective To study the influence of external recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) gel on wound healing after LEEP for curing the CIN. Methods 124 patients with CIN were selected and divided into two groups:the treatment group (73 cases) and the control group (51 cases). Both two groups were treated by LEEP, and the wound were covered by rhGM-CSF gel and sterile gauze, respectively. And then, the wound healing status of these two groups (the bleeding time and amount of vagina, preliminary healing time of wound callusing), curative effect and incidence of complications of these two groups were observed,and analyzed. Results The incidence of vaginal bleeding in both treatment group and control group whose bleeding time ≤ 2 weeks, >2weeks but ≤ 3weeks, >3weeks but ≤ 5 weeks, >5 weeks were 93.15% vs 23.52%, 5.48% vs 41.18%, 1.37% vs 17.39% and 0.00% vs 13.73%, respectively. The incidence of vaginal bleeding amount in both groups whose amount ≤ 20 ml, 21-49 ml and > 50 ml were 91.78% vs 27.45%, 8.22% vs 62.75% and 0.00% vs 9.80%, respectively. The average time for the wound healing of both groups were 8.1±2.4 days and 17.7±3.5 days, and these differences were all had statistical significance(P<0.05). The effective rates were 98.63% and 86.27%(P<0.05) when the patients were visited after 6 months. The incidence of complications were 1.37% and 13.73%(P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion rhGM-CSF could accelerate the wound healing of CIN patients after LEEP, and reduce the incidence of complications.
2014, 32(2): 128-130.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.014
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Objective To explore the method of pharmaceutical care by the pharmaceutical care and drug analysis of a case of lung cancer patient with aggressive pulmonary fungus infection. Methods Whole pharmacy care was given by clinical pharmacists to the patient in hospital, and the entry points from which the pharmacists might participate in clinical rational drug use and perform pharmaceutical care in terms of the analysis from the application of antifungal drugs, antitumor drugs, diabetes and blood pressure drugs were discussed. Results Part of the suggestion which pharmacist given was accepted by doctor and the patient state of illness was relieved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists gave pharmaceutical care to patients and cooperated close with doctors,which would further optimize the treatment plans and assure the secure use of drugs.
Objective To explore the method of pharmaceutical care by the pharmaceutical care and drug analysis of a case of lung cancer patient with aggressive pulmonary fungus infection. Methods Whole pharmacy care was given by clinical pharmacists to the patient in hospital, and the entry points from which the pharmacists might participate in clinical rational drug use and perform pharmaceutical care in terms of the analysis from the application of antifungal drugs, antitumor drugs, diabetes and blood pressure drugs were discussed. Results Part of the suggestion which pharmacist given was accepted by doctor and the patient state of illness was relieved. Conclusion Clinical pharmacists gave pharmaceutical care to patients and cooperated close with doctors,which would further optimize the treatment plans and assure the secure use of drugs.
2014, 32(2): 131-134.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.015
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Objective To analyze the clinical drug injection use cases, find concerns of use, standardize clinical use of injection drugs, reduce drug irrational use of medical practices, ensure safety and effectiveness on the use of drugs. Methods 18 specific cases of the clinical use of non-standard injection were collected and analyzed. The concerns of the cases were summarized. Results and Conclusion It was suggested that the clinical use of injections should be concerned in the following aspects:drug instructions, side effects of drugs, incompatibility of drugs, stability of the drug, different route of administration, the drug infusion rate, injection drug injection local impacts, cephalosporins allergic reactions, such as the use of traditional Chinese medicine injections, a comprehensive understanding, familiar with the use of medicines information, regulate the use of medicines.
Objective To analyze the clinical drug injection use cases, find concerns of use, standardize clinical use of injection drugs, reduce drug irrational use of medical practices, ensure safety and effectiveness on the use of drugs. Methods 18 specific cases of the clinical use of non-standard injection were collected and analyzed. The concerns of the cases were summarized. Results and Conclusion It was suggested that the clinical use of injections should be concerned in the following aspects:drug instructions, side effects of drugs, incompatibility of drugs, stability of the drug, different route of administration, the drug infusion rate, injection drug injection local impacts, cephalosporins allergic reactions, such as the use of traditional Chinese medicine injections, a comprehensive understanding, familiar with the use of medicines information, regulate the use of medicines.
2014, 32(2): 135-137.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.016
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Objective To compare the effect of different dosage of sulfentanil on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural licocaine. Methods 90 patients with urology and anorectic surgery, ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, 32-63 years, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30):L group (only lidocaine), LSF1 group (lidocaine +10 μg sufentanil) and LSF2 group (lidocaine +20 μg sufentanil). First case of patient in each group was given 20 ml of 1% lidocaine, thereafter in accordance with VAS score of the patient, the lidocaine was given by in turn decrease method according to the sequential changes in the concentration of lidocaine. The concentration gradient was 0.1%, and block pain degree was observed after 30 minutes (VAS ≤ 1 is valid), lower limb motor block Bromage classification was observed. MLAC and 95% confidence intervals(CI) of lidocaine in 3 groups was calculated according to Dixon and Massey. Results MLAC of lidocaine on adult lumbar epidural in LSF1 group was 0.590% (95%CI 0.537%-0.660%), MLAC in LSF2 group was 0.382% (95%CI 0.329%-0.446%), and MLAC of both groups were significantly lower than L group 0.781% (95%CI 0.728%-0.844%) (P<0.01). In effective analgesia cases, Bromage grade of LSF2 group was significantly lower than that of L and LSF1 group. Conclusion Epidural lidocaine combined with 10 and 20 μg sufentanil could significantly reduce local anesthetic effect of the minimum analgesic concentration of lidocaine, and no significant adverse reactions. Epidural lidocaine combined with 20 μg sufentanil reached the same analgesic effect, and significantly reduce the lower extremity motor nerve block. So 20 μg sufentanil might be the best combined dose.
Objective To compare the effect of different dosage of sulfentanil on the minimum local analgesic concentration of epidural licocaine. Methods 90 patients with urology and anorectic surgery, ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ, 32-63 years, were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=30):L group (only lidocaine), LSF1 group (lidocaine +10 μg sufentanil) and LSF2 group (lidocaine +20 μg sufentanil). First case of patient in each group was given 20 ml of 1% lidocaine, thereafter in accordance with VAS score of the patient, the lidocaine was given by in turn decrease method according to the sequential changes in the concentration of lidocaine. The concentration gradient was 0.1%, and block pain degree was observed after 30 minutes (VAS ≤ 1 is valid), lower limb motor block Bromage classification was observed. MLAC and 95% confidence intervals(CI) of lidocaine in 3 groups was calculated according to Dixon and Massey. Results MLAC of lidocaine on adult lumbar epidural in LSF1 group was 0.590% (95%CI 0.537%-0.660%), MLAC in LSF2 group was 0.382% (95%CI 0.329%-0.446%), and MLAC of both groups were significantly lower than L group 0.781% (95%CI 0.728%-0.844%) (P<0.01). In effective analgesia cases, Bromage grade of LSF2 group was significantly lower than that of L and LSF1 group. Conclusion Epidural lidocaine combined with 10 and 20 μg sufentanil could significantly reduce local anesthetic effect of the minimum analgesic concentration of lidocaine, and no significant adverse reactions. Epidural lidocaine combined with 20 μg sufentanil reached the same analgesic effect, and significantly reduce the lower extremity motor nerve block. So 20 μg sufentanil might be the best combined dose.
2014, 32(2): 138-140,143.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.017
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Objective To study the clinical application of psychotropic agents for psychiatric patients in our hospital and provide the basis for promoting rational clinical usage of drugs. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to survey the neuroleptics use of psychiatric inpatients in one day. Results The total average of drug kind for patients was 3.51. The average of psychotropic agent's kind was 2.09, and the combination therapy ratio was 74.15%. The top five antipsychotic drugs being used were risperidone, quetipine, aripiprazole, olanzapine and chlorpromazine. The top five antidepressant being used were venlafaxine, duloxetine, paroxetine, mirtazapine and fluvoxamine. The patients mainly used single medicines and new drugs had become the first-line medicines in clinical treatment. The utilization rate of benzodiazepines was 9.52%, utilization rate of mood stabilizer was 19.73% and utilization rate of trihexyphenidyl was 30.61%. Conclusion The usage of medicines in psychiatric department of our hospital was rational on the whole. But there were also some loopholes in other aspects, such as combination used of antidepressant drugs, trihexyphenidyl indications controlling, drug selection accompanied by other disease, which should still need to be strengthened.
Objective To study the clinical application of psychotropic agents for psychiatric patients in our hospital and provide the basis for promoting rational clinical usage of drugs. Methods A cross-sectional survey method was used to survey the neuroleptics use of psychiatric inpatients in one day. Results The total average of drug kind for patients was 3.51. The average of psychotropic agent's kind was 2.09, and the combination therapy ratio was 74.15%. The top five antipsychotic drugs being used were risperidone, quetipine, aripiprazole, olanzapine and chlorpromazine. The top five antidepressant being used were venlafaxine, duloxetine, paroxetine, mirtazapine and fluvoxamine. The patients mainly used single medicines and new drugs had become the first-line medicines in clinical treatment. The utilization rate of benzodiazepines was 9.52%, utilization rate of mood stabilizer was 19.73% and utilization rate of trihexyphenidyl was 30.61%. Conclusion The usage of medicines in psychiatric department of our hospital was rational on the whole. But there were also some loopholes in other aspects, such as combination used of antidepressant drugs, trihexyphenidyl indications controlling, drug selection accompanied by other disease, which should still need to be strengthened.
2014, 32(2): 141-143.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.018
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Objective To evaluate the rationality of narcotic drugs used in Central Hospital of Shanghai Yangpu District and provide reference for clinical rational drug use by analyzing the situation of narcotic drugs used in the hospital. Methods The total consumption quantity of narcotic drugs and narcotic drugs accounted for the total proportion of drugs in our hospital from 2010 January to 2012 December were statistically analyzed. The single variety of narcotic consumption characteristics and DDDs were evaluated. Results The quantity of narcotic drugs in our hospital increased year by year, the quantity of pethidine hydrochloride decreased, the quantity and DDDs of fentanyl citrate narcotics were maximum. The consumption quantity of fentanyl citrate transdermal patchs increased fastest because of its unique characteristics. Conclusion The use of narcotic drugs in our hospital was basically rational, but still need to be strengthen in the management and improved continuously.
Objective To evaluate the rationality of narcotic drugs used in Central Hospital of Shanghai Yangpu District and provide reference for clinical rational drug use by analyzing the situation of narcotic drugs used in the hospital. Methods The total consumption quantity of narcotic drugs and narcotic drugs accounted for the total proportion of drugs in our hospital from 2010 January to 2012 December were statistically analyzed. The single variety of narcotic consumption characteristics and DDDs were evaluated. Results The quantity of narcotic drugs in our hospital increased year by year, the quantity of pethidine hydrochloride decreased, the quantity and DDDs of fentanyl citrate narcotics were maximum. The consumption quantity of fentanyl citrate transdermal patchs increased fastest because of its unique characteristics. Conclusion The use of narcotic drugs in our hospital was basically rational, but still need to be strengthen in the management and improved continuously.
2014, 32(2): 144-146.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.019
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Objective To evaluate the measurements for high-risk drugs and ensure the safety of clinical use. Methods Hospital medical staffs were surveyed on high-risk drug knowledge and the management of high-risk drugs of each departments was checked, the problems and possible reasons were analyzed, and corresponding measures were decided to take. Results The high-risk drug awareness of medical staff was improved significantly.Issues such as placed improperly,not clear labeled and no special management,expired drugs and storage not fulfill the request occurred significantly less. Conclusion To improve medical staff awareness of high-risk drug using and carry on effective measures would be efficiently in clinical and avoid patients suffering from above-mentioned errors.
Objective To evaluate the measurements for high-risk drugs and ensure the safety of clinical use. Methods Hospital medical staffs were surveyed on high-risk drug knowledge and the management of high-risk drugs of each departments was checked, the problems and possible reasons were analyzed, and corresponding measures were decided to take. Results The high-risk drug awareness of medical staff was improved significantly.Issues such as placed improperly,not clear labeled and no special management,expired drugs and storage not fulfill the request occurred significantly less. Conclusion To improve medical staff awareness of high-risk drug using and carry on effective measures would be efficiently in clinical and avoid patients suffering from above-mentioned errors.
2014, 32(2): 147-149.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.020
Abstract:
Objective To analyze effectiveness of rectification antimicrobial agent prescriptions in outpatient and emergency department in Shaoxing People's Hospital. Methods To analyze antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate, antimicrobial agent prescriptions pass rate in our hospital from January 2012 to October 2012. Results Antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate decreased from 33.17% to 19.15%, unqualified antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate decreased from 12.22% to 1.98%. Conclusion Prescription quality of antimicrobial agent in outpatient and emergency department, requires joint efforts-doctors, pharmacists, hospitals.
Objective To analyze effectiveness of rectification antimicrobial agent prescriptions in outpatient and emergency department in Shaoxing People's Hospital. Methods To analyze antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate, antimicrobial agent prescriptions pass rate in our hospital from January 2012 to October 2012. Results Antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate decreased from 33.17% to 19.15%, unqualified antimicrobial agent prescriptions rate decreased from 12.22% to 1.98%. Conclusion Prescription quality of antimicrobial agent in outpatient and emergency department, requires joint efforts-doctors, pharmacists, hospitals.
2014, 32(2): 150-152.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.021
Abstract:
Objective To reduce the number of medication error in outpatient pharmacy for western medicine and to improve the quality of work in pharmacy department. Methods The quality control circle(QCC) activity was applied in the quality management of prescription dispensing to reduce the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing. The causes and performance of the errors were analyzed. Appropriate countermeasures were set and enforced,and the outcome of the activity was evaluated. Results The QCC activity reduced the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing by up to 50%, the ability of pharmacists was improved significantly in respect of quality control method realization,in communication and facing problems with courage,and so on. Conclusion The practice of QCC activity might help to reduce the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing,ensure safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.
Objective To reduce the number of medication error in outpatient pharmacy for western medicine and to improve the quality of work in pharmacy department. Methods The quality control circle(QCC) activity was applied in the quality management of prescription dispensing to reduce the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing. The causes and performance of the errors were analyzed. Appropriate countermeasures were set and enforced,and the outcome of the activity was evaluated. Results The QCC activity reduced the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing by up to 50%, the ability of pharmacists was improved significantly in respect of quality control method realization,in communication and facing problems with courage,and so on. Conclusion The practice of QCC activity might help to reduce the number of internal errors in prescription dispensing,ensure safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use and improve the quality of pharmaceutical care.
2014, 32(2): 153-155.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.022
Abstract:
Objective To summarize the practices of teaching reform in pharmacological experiment for pharmaceutical specialties and gather experiences for improving teaching quality. Methods Reforms were performed in construction of curriculum and conditions, teaching contents and methods, and assessment methods. Results and Conclusion Through using advanced experimental instruments, increasing extracurricular autonomously designed experiments, and practicing in mimetic drugstore, etc., students' ability for independent thinking and innovation was cultivated, and the quality for experimental teaching of pharmacology was improved.
Objective To summarize the practices of teaching reform in pharmacological experiment for pharmaceutical specialties and gather experiences for improving teaching quality. Methods Reforms were performed in construction of curriculum and conditions, teaching contents and methods, and assessment methods. Results and Conclusion Through using advanced experimental instruments, increasing extracurricular autonomously designed experiments, and practicing in mimetic drugstore, etc., students' ability for independent thinking and innovation was cultivated, and the quality for experimental teaching of pharmacology was improved.
2014, 32(2): 156-157.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.023
Abstract:
Practical teaching played an essential role in the student training of pharmaceutical major. However, the current practical teaching mode was difficult to achieve the goal of student training. A new teaching mode named supervisor directed system (SDS) were put forward in the practical teaching and applied in the College of Pharmacy, Xiangtan University. The new mode not only resolved the difficulties during arranging and organizing the student's practical training, but also improved student's enthusiasms in practice. The effect of practice and the employment of students were also improved.
Practical teaching played an essential role in the student training of pharmaceutical major. However, the current practical teaching mode was difficult to achieve the goal of student training. A new teaching mode named supervisor directed system (SDS) were put forward in the practical teaching and applied in the College of Pharmacy, Xiangtan University. The new mode not only resolved the difficulties during arranging and organizing the student's practical training, but also improved student's enthusiasms in practice. The effect of practice and the employment of students were also improved.
2014, 32(2): 158-159.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2014.02.024
Abstract:
Objective Basic research oriented post-graduate education could not accommodate with the pluralistic society nowadays. The dilemma of post-graduate education from several parts was reviewed in this article, such as employment obtaining, evaluation indicator, basic research, which suggested that post-graduate student's education in the major of pharmacy in military university should focus on all-around development, and pay more attention to core-value education, practical ability education, harmonization between teacher's goal and student's goal.
Objective Basic research oriented post-graduate education could not accommodate with the pluralistic society nowadays. The dilemma of post-graduate education from several parts was reviewed in this article, such as employment obtaining, evaluation indicator, basic research, which suggested that post-graduate student's education in the major of pharmacy in military university should focus on all-around development, and pay more attention to core-value education, practical ability education, harmonization between teacher's goal and student's goal.
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