2013 Vol. 31, No. 3
Display Method:
2013, 31(3): 161-168,197.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.001
Abstract:
Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.), a traditional Chinese medicine, belongs to Carthamus genus (Asteraceae). Previous studies revealed that safflower contains flavonoids, serotonins, polyacetylenes, spermidines, mataresinols, sesquiterpenes, steroids, and so on. Quinone chalcones were found in safflower which occurred in few other plants. Various bio-actives of Safflower had been confirmed by modern pharmacology, such as cardiovascular, nervous system, immune system, and so on. The progress of its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities was reviewed which provided references for further study.
Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.), a traditional Chinese medicine, belongs to Carthamus genus (Asteraceae). Previous studies revealed that safflower contains flavonoids, serotonins, polyacetylenes, spermidines, mataresinols, sesquiterpenes, steroids, and so on. Quinone chalcones were found in safflower which occurred in few other plants. Various bio-actives of Safflower had been confirmed by modern pharmacology, such as cardiovascular, nervous system, immune system, and so on. The progress of its chemical constituents and pharmacological activities was reviewed which provided references for further study.
2013, 31(3): 169-172,180.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.002
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Objective To introduce the application research progress of PVA derivatives as hydrogel materials, and provide the basis and reference for further development. Methods The related documents at home and abroad in recent years were integrated, analyzed and summarized. Results PVA derivatives as conventional and sensitive hydrogel materials were widely used in the fields of biomedicine, having a hydrophilic, softness, mild characteristics and good biocompatibility. Conclusion PVA is an excellent pharmaceutical excipient for potential re-development, and having a great value.
Objective To introduce the application research progress of PVA derivatives as hydrogel materials, and provide the basis and reference for further development. Methods The related documents at home and abroad in recent years were integrated, analyzed and summarized. Results PVA derivatives as conventional and sensitive hydrogel materials were widely used in the fields of biomedicine, having a hydrophilic, softness, mild characteristics and good biocompatibility. Conclusion PVA is an excellent pharmaceutical excipient for potential re-development, and having a great value.
2013, 31(3): 173-175,184.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.003
Abstract:
Eczema was a kind of inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intensely pruritic, erythematous papules associated with excoriation, and serous exudate. Flexible syndrome differentiation and various treatment methods for this disease had been developed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the long history of clinical practice. However, the treatment principles and the major functions of frequently used herbs focused on clearing heat, detoxifying, eliminating dampness, dispelling wind, relieving itching, and parasiticide. the advance of eczema treatment in TCM from the above several aspects were summarized in this paper.
Eczema was a kind of inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intensely pruritic, erythematous papules associated with excoriation, and serous exudate. Flexible syndrome differentiation and various treatment methods for this disease had been developed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the long history of clinical practice. However, the treatment principles and the major functions of frequently used herbs focused on clearing heat, detoxifying, eliminating dampness, dispelling wind, relieving itching, and parasiticide. the advance of eczema treatment in TCM from the above several aspects were summarized in this paper.
2013, 31(3): 176-180.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.004
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Objective To design novel diazole derivatives on the basis of the binding mode of azole antifungal agents with the target enzyme and test their in vitro antifungal activities. Methods Acylation reaction of the oxidants was used to synthesize the target compounds, whose chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. Serial dilution method was used to determine the in vitro antifungal activities. Results Twelve novel azole compounds containing C1 methyl group and piperazine side chains were synthesized, which showed moderate to good antifungal activity. Conclusion Several target compounds showed better antifungal activity against Candida albicans than the positive drug fluconazole, which were worth to further investigating the structure-activity relationship.
Objective To design novel diazole derivatives on the basis of the binding mode of azole antifungal agents with the target enzyme and test their in vitro antifungal activities. Methods Acylation reaction of the oxidants was used to synthesize the target compounds, whose chemical structures were confirmed by 1H NMR and MS. Serial dilution method was used to determine the in vitro antifungal activities. Results Twelve novel azole compounds containing C1 methyl group and piperazine side chains were synthesized, which showed moderate to good antifungal activity. Conclusion Several target compounds showed better antifungal activity against Candida albicans than the positive drug fluconazole, which were worth to further investigating the structure-activity relationship.
2013, 31(3): 181-184.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.005
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Objective To extract alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Praeparata (Fuzi) and determine the contents of six alkaloids benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhyaconine, mesaaconine, aconine and hyaconine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods The crude herb Fuzi was extracted by 85% ethanol, and separated by macroporous resin column. HPLC condition was as follows:Chromatographic column:Waters Terra C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm); Mobile phase:A was acetonitrile, B was water (5 mM ammonium acetate), with gradient elution, the gradient of A phase:15%~26%(0~10 min), 26%~30%(10~20 min), 30%(20~25 min); flowing rate:0.5 ml/min; detection wave:23 5nm; column temperature:25℃; injection volume:5 μl. Results Six alkaloids, including benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhyaconine, mesaconine, aconine and hyaconine were separated at baseline within 25 min with good linear (r>0.999 0) between 11.40~114.0, 10.22~102.2, 10.36~103.6, 6.250~62.50, 13.50~135.0, 15.12~151.2 μg/ml. The result of intra-day and inter-day precisions, limits of detection and quantitation were at normal range. Each of the recovery rates (n=6) was 104.52% (RSD=2.0%), 103.43%(RSD=1.6%), 101.92%(RSD=2.3%), 99.45%(RSD=2.7%), 97.67%(RSD=1.9%), 101.15%(RSD=3.4%). The contents of six alkanoids in Fuzi alkaloids extract were determined. Conclusion The method was rapid, simple, reliable and could be used to determine six alkanoids in Fuzi alkanoids extract.
Objective To extract alkaloids in Radix Aconiti Praeparata (Fuzi) and determine the contents of six alkaloids benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhyaconine, mesaaconine, aconine and hyaconine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Methods The crude herb Fuzi was extracted by 85% ethanol, and separated by macroporous resin column. HPLC condition was as follows:Chromatographic column:Waters Terra C18 (3.0 mm×100 mm, 3.5 μm); Mobile phase:A was acetonitrile, B was water (5 mM ammonium acetate), with gradient elution, the gradient of A phase:15%~26%(0~10 min), 26%~30%(10~20 min), 30%(20~25 min); flowing rate:0.5 ml/min; detection wave:23 5nm; column temperature:25℃; injection volume:5 μl. Results Six alkaloids, including benzoylmesaconine, benzoylaconine, benzoylhyaconine, mesaconine, aconine and hyaconine were separated at baseline within 25 min with good linear (r>0.999 0) between 11.40~114.0, 10.22~102.2, 10.36~103.6, 6.250~62.50, 13.50~135.0, 15.12~151.2 μg/ml. The result of intra-day and inter-day precisions, limits of detection and quantitation were at normal range. Each of the recovery rates (n=6) was 104.52% (RSD=2.0%), 103.43%(RSD=1.6%), 101.92%(RSD=2.3%), 99.45%(RSD=2.7%), 97.67%(RSD=1.9%), 101.15%(RSD=3.4%). The contents of six alkanoids in Fuzi alkaloids extract were determined. Conclusion The method was rapid, simple, reliable and could be used to determine six alkanoids in Fuzi alkanoids extract.
2013, 31(3): 185-186,237.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.006
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Objective To investigate different extracts of Salacia amplifolia Merr.ex ChunF.C on inhibitory activity to α-glucosidase. Methods The 80% aqueous ethanol extracts from roots of S.amplifolia, which were partitioned sequentially with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH respectively to yield four different fractions. And the inhibitory activity of these five extracts for the α-glucosidase and α-amylase were determined by in vitro experiments. Results Five kinds of extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity at the same time and close to acarbose to a certain degree.Inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were, n-BuOH fraction > petroleum ether fraction > EtOAc fraction > total fraction.The inhibitory of α-amylase activity followed by petroleum ether fraction > n-BuOH fraction > total fraction > EtOAc fraction, respectively. Conclusion The extracts from S.amplifolia had good inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, which could be exploited the diabetes drugs as α-glucosidases inhibitors in future.
Objective To investigate different extracts of Salacia amplifolia Merr.ex ChunF.C on inhibitory activity to α-glucosidase. Methods The 80% aqueous ethanol extracts from roots of S.amplifolia, which were partitioned sequentially with petroleum ether, EtOAc and n-BuOH respectively to yield four different fractions. And the inhibitory activity of these five extracts for the α-glucosidase and α-amylase were determined by in vitro experiments. Results Five kinds of extracts showed moderate inhibitory activity at the same time and close to acarbose to a certain degree.Inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase were, n-BuOH fraction > petroleum ether fraction > EtOAc fraction > total fraction.The inhibitory of α-amylase activity followed by petroleum ether fraction > n-BuOH fraction > total fraction > EtOAc fraction, respectively. Conclusion The extracts from S.amplifolia had good inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase, which could be exploited the diabetes drugs as α-glucosidases inhibitors in future.
2013, 31(3): 187-190,219.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.007
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Objective To set up optimized EOQ models for inventory control of combat reserve of medical supplies. Methods Based on the analysis of combat reserve of medical supplies production data and demand probability distribution, classic EOQ model was optimized through adding the constraints and adjust assumptions. Matlab software was used to obtain optimal solution; Monte Carlo simulation was used to insensitivity analysis. Results Three optimize EOQ models were built and the optimal solution for inventory control strategy were concluded through empirical research, which showed tha warehouse management level and production capacity for mobilization were the important factor to affect the inventory control decisions. Conclusion The reserve model constructed in this study could meet the basic needs of inventory control of combat reserve of medical supplies.
Objective To set up optimized EOQ models for inventory control of combat reserve of medical supplies. Methods Based on the analysis of combat reserve of medical supplies production data and demand probability distribution, classic EOQ model was optimized through adding the constraints and adjust assumptions. Matlab software was used to obtain optimal solution; Monte Carlo simulation was used to insensitivity analysis. Results Three optimize EOQ models were built and the optimal solution for inventory control strategy were concluded through empirical research, which showed tha warehouse management level and production capacity for mobilization were the important factor to affect the inventory control decisions. Conclusion The reserve model constructed in this study could meet the basic needs of inventory control of combat reserve of medical supplies.
2013, 31(3): 191-194.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.008
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It was one of the difficult problems in reformation of amry health system that to control total cost of medicine and satisfy the medical demand from the army man at the same time The composition, application, drafting process, and related policy of military formula of army in USA and China were compared and analyzed. The references from the military formula and medicine use policy from USA army were analyzed and discussed in this paper.
It was one of the difficult problems in reformation of amry health system that to control total cost of medicine and satisfy the medical demand from the army man at the same time The composition, application, drafting process, and related policy of military formula of army in USA and China were compared and analyzed. The references from the military formula and medicine use policy from USA army were analyzed and discussed in this paper.
2013, 31(3): 195-197.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.009
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Objective To improve the synthetic process of prasugrel hydrochloride in order to enlarge production and get high purity. Methods 2-fluorine phenylacetic acid was reacted with methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, followed by bromination with NBS to afford α-cyclopropyl carbonyl-2-fluorobenzyl bromide. The latter was condensed with 2-oxo-2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a-hexahydro-thieno[3, 2-c]pyridine hydrochloride, and then acetylated and solified to finally afford prasugrel hydrochloride. Results The cost of this optimized synthetic process of prasugrel hydrochloride was obviously low, with easy operation process and availability of high purity. Conclusion The overall yield of new process was 48%, which ensured a more appropriate process for industrial production.
Objective To improve the synthetic process of prasugrel hydrochloride in order to enlarge production and get high purity. Methods 2-fluorine phenylacetic acid was reacted with methyl cyclopropanecarboxylate, followed by bromination with NBS to afford α-cyclopropyl carbonyl-2-fluorobenzyl bromide. The latter was condensed with 2-oxo-2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7a-hexahydro-thieno[3, 2-c]pyridine hydrochloride, and then acetylated and solified to finally afford prasugrel hydrochloride. Results The cost of this optimized synthetic process of prasugrel hydrochloride was obviously low, with easy operation process and availability of high purity. Conclusion The overall yield of new process was 48%, which ensured a more appropriate process for industrial production.
2013, 31(3): 198-200.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.010
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Objective To observe effects of different concentrations of the Gentiana macrophylla iridoid glucoside(GMI) in different period inflammatory models, and discuss the possibility of anti-inflammation. Methods The anti-inflammatory models of GMI were investigated in mice by methods of the capillary permeability increase (AIPCPI), the cotton-pellet induced-granuloma(CPIG) xylene-induced auricle swelling (XIAS), intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid-induced peritoneal capilnd egg white-induced balloon back synovial inflammation. Levels of XIAS and CPIG in mouse were detected by weighing. Levels of mouse peritoneal washing fluid in the content of Evans blue, synovitis exudate volume, white blood cells(WBC), tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), the exudate and serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde were determined by chemical method respectively. Result Compared with negative control group, levels of XIAS, AIPCPI and CPIG decreased significantly in GMI group. Levels of WBC, MDA and TNF-α significantly decreased in GMI group than those of negative control group, but the activity of the exudate and serum SOD increased significantly in GMI group compared with that of negative control group. Conclusion The GMI showed protective effects on inflammation in animal models, which might be mediated through inhibition of the exudation of inflammatory factors, the lipid peroxidation and the elimination of free radicals.
Objective To observe effects of different concentrations of the Gentiana macrophylla iridoid glucoside(GMI) in different period inflammatory models, and discuss the possibility of anti-inflammation. Methods The anti-inflammatory models of GMI were investigated in mice by methods of the capillary permeability increase (AIPCPI), the cotton-pellet induced-granuloma(CPIG) xylene-induced auricle swelling (XIAS), intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid-induced peritoneal capilnd egg white-induced balloon back synovial inflammation. Levels of XIAS and CPIG in mouse were detected by weighing. Levels of mouse peritoneal washing fluid in the content of Evans blue, synovitis exudate volume, white blood cells(WBC), tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α), the exudate and serum levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde were determined by chemical method respectively. Result Compared with negative control group, levels of XIAS, AIPCPI and CPIG decreased significantly in GMI group. Levels of WBC, MDA and TNF-α significantly decreased in GMI group than those of negative control group, but the activity of the exudate and serum SOD increased significantly in GMI group compared with that of negative control group. Conclusion The GMI showed protective effects on inflammation in animal models, which might be mediated through inhibition of the exudation of inflammatory factors, the lipid peroxidation and the elimination of free radicals.
2013, 31(3): 201-203,230.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.011
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Objective To establish a high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) method for analysis of tissue distribution of astilbin in mice. Methods The model of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC) of HPCE was adopted after intravenous injection.The concentrations of astilbin in biological samples were determined. Results The tissue distribution feature of astilbin was Cheart > Cliver > Ckidney > Cspleen > Clung > Cbrain. The Cheart shows C5 min > C15 min > C60 min and C5 min is Cmax. But C15 min was Cmax in other tissues. The steady content of astilbin was found in brain tissue within 60 min. Conclusion Astilbin was widely distributed in main tissues, which could also permeate blood brain barrier.
Objective To establish a high performance capillary electrophoresis(HPCE) method for analysis of tissue distribution of astilbin in mice. Methods The model of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography(MECC) of HPCE was adopted after intravenous injection.The concentrations of astilbin in biological samples were determined. Results The tissue distribution feature of astilbin was Cheart > Cliver > Ckidney > Cspleen > Clung > Cbrain. The Cheart shows C5 min > C15 min > C60 min and C5 min is Cmax. But C15 min was Cmax in other tissues. The steady content of astilbin was found in brain tissue within 60 min. Conclusion Astilbin was widely distributed in main tissues, which could also permeate blood brain barrier.
2013, 31(3): 204-206,209.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.012
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Objective To evaluate clinical utilization and blood concentration monitoring of vancomycin in our hospital and offer reference to reasonable clinical use of drugs. Methods The clinical information (primary diseases, bacteriological culture, blood concentration of vancomycin, clinical efficacy, renal function) of 32 inpatients who had been treated with vancomycin and their blood concentrations from Dec. 2011 to Apr. 2012 were analyzed statistically. Results The bacteria detection rate was 53%. The drug indications bacteriology coincidence rate was 31%. The total response rate of vancomycin was 68.75%. The valley values of 25% cases were between 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L. The incidence of renal dysfunction after treatment was 12.5%. Conclusion The valley value of blood concentration of the 32 cases using vancomycin that first measured were less in effective range which should be paid attention to the blood concentration monitoring of agedness patients to achieve an ideal individual administration according to clinical practice.
Objective To evaluate clinical utilization and blood concentration monitoring of vancomycin in our hospital and offer reference to reasonable clinical use of drugs. Methods The clinical information (primary diseases, bacteriological culture, blood concentration of vancomycin, clinical efficacy, renal function) of 32 inpatients who had been treated with vancomycin and their blood concentrations from Dec. 2011 to Apr. 2012 were analyzed statistically. Results The bacteria detection rate was 53%. The drug indications bacteriology coincidence rate was 31%. The total response rate of vancomycin was 68.75%. The valley values of 25% cases were between 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L. The incidence of renal dysfunction after treatment was 12.5%. Conclusion The valley value of blood concentration of the 32 cases using vancomycin that first measured were less in effective range which should be paid attention to the blood concentration monitoring of agedness patients to achieve an ideal individual administration according to clinical practice.
2013, 31(3): 207-209.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.013
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Objective To study the blood gas index and clinical effect of ulinastatin combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in treatment of 36 acute lung injury patients. Methods AlI patients were collected and randomly divided into observation group given ulinastatin and NIPPV and control group given NIPPV. Then blood gas index and stress response were observed. Results PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, pH value of observation group were significantly higher than control group, PaCO2 was significantly lower than control group; glucose and insulin levels of observation recovered from the first day which were significantly earlier than control group. Conclusion The effect of ulinastatin combined with NIPPV had positive clinical value for the improvement of blood gas index and stress response.
Objective To study the blood gas index and clinical effect of ulinastatin combined with non-invasive positive pressure ventilation in treatment of 36 acute lung injury patients. Methods AlI patients were collected and randomly divided into observation group given ulinastatin and NIPPV and control group given NIPPV. Then blood gas index and stress response were observed. Results PaO2, PaO2/FiO2, pH value of observation group were significantly higher than control group, PaCO2 was significantly lower than control group; glucose and insulin levels of observation recovered from the first day which were significantly earlier than control group. Conclusion The effect of ulinastatin combined with NIPPV had positive clinical value for the improvement of blood gas index and stress response.
2013, 31(3): 210-211,214.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.014
Abstract:
Objective To explore the effect of clonidine on refractory essential hypertension. Methods A total of 47 patients suffered refractory essential hypertension were included in the study, which were accepted treatment of clonidine(75 μg/8 h for 1 week, if did not reach the standard, changed to 150 μg/8 h). The difference of the clinic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)and adverse reaction were compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment for four weeks, the clinic blood pressure and ABPM were significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05); the efficiency was 89.4% and 80.8% respectively, according to the clinic blood pressure and ABPM. Conclusion The clonidine had a good effect on refractory essential hypertension.
Objective To explore the effect of clonidine on refractory essential hypertension. Methods A total of 47 patients suffered refractory essential hypertension were included in the study, which were accepted treatment of clonidine(75 μg/8 h for 1 week, if did not reach the standard, changed to 150 μg/8 h). The difference of the clinic blood pressure, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM)and adverse reaction were compared before and after treatment. Results After treatment for four weeks, the clinic blood pressure and ABPM were significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05); the efficiency was 89.4% and 80.8% respectively, according to the clinic blood pressure and ABPM. Conclusion The clonidine had a good effect on refractory essential hypertension.
2013, 31(3): 212-214.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.015
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Objective To detect the effect of traditional Chinese medicine penetration enhancers with titanoreine suppositories on the treatment of external dissection for thrombotic external hemorrhoids. Methods 90 outpatients were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=45) and the control group (n=45). The treatment groups were treated by traditional Chinese medicine penetration enhancers with titanoreine suppositories, on the while, the control group's were only treated by titanoreine suppositories. After a course of treatment, the general efficacy, reducing blood-stasis and swelling and alleviating anal pain were observed. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results The blooding and pain indicator of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group in the 4th day after external dissection. (P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment of Chinese medicine penetration enhancers combined with titanoreine suppositories hada better efficacy.
Objective To detect the effect of traditional Chinese medicine penetration enhancers with titanoreine suppositories on the treatment of external dissection for thrombotic external hemorrhoids. Methods 90 outpatients were randomly divided into the treatment group (n=45) and the control group (n=45). The treatment groups were treated by traditional Chinese medicine penetration enhancers with titanoreine suppositories, on the while, the control group's were only treated by titanoreine suppositories. After a course of treatment, the general efficacy, reducing blood-stasis and swelling and alleviating anal pain were observed. Statistical analysis was conducted. Results The blooding and pain indicator of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group in the 4th day after external dissection. (P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment of Chinese medicine penetration enhancers combined with titanoreine suppositories hada better efficacy.
2013, 31(3): 215-216,223.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.016
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Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol used in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods 80 ASAⅠ~Ⅱ level patients in need of ESD were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:Group P was given propofol; Group M was given low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol. The following data were recorded:blood-pressure, cardiac rate at each point during anesthesia, the time of operation and tracheal extubation and palinesthesia, propofol and Fentanyl dosage, and adverse reaction. Results There was no significant difference in the time of operation between the two groups; compared with the P group, the dosage of propofol in M group is less, stable hemodynamics, the time of tracheal extubation and palinesthesia were shorter with less adverse reactions(P<0.05). Conclusion The anesthetic effect of low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol in ESD was satisfactory and safe.
Objective To evaluate the effect and safety of low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol used in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods 80 ASAⅠ~Ⅱ level patients in need of ESD were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups:Group P was given propofol; Group M was given low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol. The following data were recorded:blood-pressure, cardiac rate at each point during anesthesia, the time of operation and tracheal extubation and palinesthesia, propofol and Fentanyl dosage, and adverse reaction. Results There was no significant difference in the time of operation between the two groups; compared with the P group, the dosage of propofol in M group is less, stable hemodynamics, the time of tracheal extubation and palinesthesia were shorter with less adverse reactions(P<0.05). Conclusion The anesthetic effect of low dose of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol in ESD was satisfactory and safe.
2013, 31(3): 217-219.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.017
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Objective To establish the optimized molding technology of Bulleyaconitine A dropping pills. Methods The optimum extraction process was selected with orthogonal experiment, difference of pill mass, dissolution-time and quality difference coefficient of pill were taken as indicators. Through examination, the ratio of drug to matrix, mixture temperature, dropping speed and the external diameter of burette were selected as the best dropping conditions. Results The best dropping conditions were that the ratio of drug to matrix was 1:6:1.5~1:8:2, the mixture temperature was (80±1)℃, the dropping speed was 50 drops per minute, and the external diameter of burette was 1.32/2.28 mm. Conclusion The molding technology of Bulleyaconitine A dropping pills was a very simple, feasible, stable and high-achievement ratio.
Objective To establish the optimized molding technology of Bulleyaconitine A dropping pills. Methods The optimum extraction process was selected with orthogonal experiment, difference of pill mass, dissolution-time and quality difference coefficient of pill were taken as indicators. Through examination, the ratio of drug to matrix, mixture temperature, dropping speed and the external diameter of burette were selected as the best dropping conditions. Results The best dropping conditions were that the ratio of drug to matrix was 1:6:1.5~1:8:2, the mixture temperature was (80±1)℃, the dropping speed was 50 drops per minute, and the external diameter of burette was 1.32/2.28 mm. Conclusion The molding technology of Bulleyaconitine A dropping pills was a very simple, feasible, stable and high-achievement ratio.
2013, 31(3): 220-223.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.018
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Objective To determination the molecular weight and studies on its properties after hydrophobic modification of Bletilla striata polysaccharide. Methods Bletilla striata polysaccharide were used as the starting materials, which reacted with cholesterol succinate to afford a derivate of cholesterol succinate polysaccharide, characterizate its structure by infrared spectroscopy, determinate its molecular weight by Sephadex chromatography(HPGPC). Results Acholesterol succinate polysaccharide was synthesized:molecular weight 650 kDa, pH 6.89, viscosity 130 mpa, isoelectric point 5.07, solubilit 0.9 g. Conclusion The method of synthesis was feasible and stable, which provided valuable research base for expand test.
Objective To determination the molecular weight and studies on its properties after hydrophobic modification of Bletilla striata polysaccharide. Methods Bletilla striata polysaccharide were used as the starting materials, which reacted with cholesterol succinate to afford a derivate of cholesterol succinate polysaccharide, characterizate its structure by infrared spectroscopy, determinate its molecular weight by Sephadex chromatography(HPGPC). Results Acholesterol succinate polysaccharide was synthesized:molecular weight 650 kDa, pH 6.89, viscosity 130 mpa, isoelectric point 5.07, solubilit 0.9 g. Conclusion The method of synthesis was feasible and stable, which provided valuable research base for expand test.
2013, 31(3): 224-227,234.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.019
Abstract:
Objective To analyze the main pathogenic bacteria resistance rates and antibacterial drugs usage in our hospital, and provide reference for the rational of antimicrobial drugs and management. Methods The SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis of pathogenic bacteria drug resistance from the detected positive bacteria and its susceptibility test results in my hospital in 2011, combined with the annual antibiotics DDDs to analyze the rationality of antibacterial drug use. Results Among the positive samples were Gram-positive bacteria of 1927, accounting for 33.1% of the 5 822 cases. Separation of Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for in the first place(16.9%), followed by hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus(15.9%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.1%).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)(36.7%), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRS-con)accounted for 82.5%, were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, fusidic acid and teicoplanin better sensitivity, resistance rates did not exceed 6.47%;Gram-negative bacteria of 2 661, accounting for 45.7%, the separation of Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae (23.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(15.6%)and Enterobacter cloacae(3.7%), Enterobacteriaceae inhibitor-containing piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam are kept better sensitivity, resistance rates lower than 27.82%, amikacin rate of less than 14.36%;non-fermenting bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.2%), calcium acetate Bowman Acinetobacter(7.9%) and Stenotrophomonas narrow mainly food Aeromonas.Non-fermenting bacteria to cefoperazone/sulbactam better sensitivity, resistance rates did not exceed 29.44%;Resistance to quinolones rate of more than 31.39%;third and fourth generation cephalosporin resistance rates of non-fermenting bacteria more than 35.19%;imipenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii rate of 81.32%.The most bacterial resistance rates with the use of antibiotics strength was positively correlated(r>0.3, P<0.05). Conclusion Bacterial drug resistance situation was more serious in my hospital.The use and management of antibiotics should be strengthened as soon as possible, and drugs should be selected according to clear pathogens andantimicrobial susceptibility test to reduce drug resistant bacteria produce.
Objective To analyze the main pathogenic bacteria resistance rates and antibacterial drugs usage in our hospital, and provide reference for the rational of antimicrobial drugs and management. Methods The SPSS13.0 software was used for statistical analysis of pathogenic bacteria drug resistance from the detected positive bacteria and its susceptibility test results in my hospital in 2011, combined with the annual antibiotics DDDs to analyze the rationality of antibacterial drug use. Results Among the positive samples were Gram-positive bacteria of 1927, accounting for 33.1% of the 5 822 cases. Separation of Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus accounted for in the first place(16.9%), followed by hemolytic Staphylococcus aureus(15.9%) and Staphylococcus epidermidis(14.1%).Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)(36.7%), methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci(MRS-con)accounted for 82.5%, were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics, vancomycin, fusidic acid and teicoplanin better sensitivity, resistance rates did not exceed 6.47%;Gram-negative bacteria of 2 661, accounting for 45.7%, the separation of Gram-negative bacteria Enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting bacteria, Escherichia coli, Enterobacteriaceae (23.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae(15.6%)and Enterobacter cloacae(3.7%), Enterobacteriaceae inhibitor-containing piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam are kept better sensitivity, resistance rates lower than 27.82%, amikacin rate of less than 14.36%;non-fermenting bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa(10.2%), calcium acetate Bowman Acinetobacter(7.9%) and Stenotrophomonas narrow mainly food Aeromonas.Non-fermenting bacteria to cefoperazone/sulbactam better sensitivity, resistance rates did not exceed 29.44%;Resistance to quinolones rate of more than 31.39%;third and fourth generation cephalosporin resistance rates of non-fermenting bacteria more than 35.19%;imipenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii rate of 81.32%.The most bacterial resistance rates with the use of antibiotics strength was positively correlated(r>0.3, P<0.05). Conclusion Bacterial drug resistance situation was more serious in my hospital.The use and management of antibiotics should be strengthened as soon as possible, and drugs should be selected according to clear pathogens andantimicrobial susceptibility test to reduce drug resistant bacteria produce.
2013, 31(3): 228-230.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.020
Abstract:
Objective To develop a method for identification and determination of tanshinone ⅡA in Compound Granule Tetrandra. Methods TLC method was used to identify tanshinone ⅡA, HPLC method was used to determine the content. Results The spot was clear in TLC identification without interference of negative control.The sample size of tanshinone ⅡA had a good linear relationship with peak area(r=0.999 9), when ranged from 5.28~52.8 μg/ml, the average recovery rate was 97.97%, RSD was 0.34%(n=9). Conclusion The method was simple, with good specificity and reproducibility, which could be used as the quality control method for this preparation.
Objective To develop a method for identification and determination of tanshinone ⅡA in Compound Granule Tetrandra. Methods TLC method was used to identify tanshinone ⅡA, HPLC method was used to determine the content. Results The spot was clear in TLC identification without interference of negative control.The sample size of tanshinone ⅡA had a good linear relationship with peak area(r=0.999 9), when ranged from 5.28~52.8 μg/ml, the average recovery rate was 97.97%, RSD was 0.34%(n=9). Conclusion The method was simple, with good specificity and reproducibility, which could be used as the quality control method for this preparation.
2013, 31(3): 231-234.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.021
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the implementation effect of automatic drug dispensing system in inpatients dispensary. Methods Two kinds of drug dispensing model were adopted in five departments. By comparing 10 days before and after application of automatic unit-dose drug dispensing system and automatic injection drug dispensing system to evaluate whether automatic drug dispensing was better than traditional drug dispensing. Results Compared automatic tablet dispensing system and manual mode, the totle time was reduced from (1.12±0.57) min to (0.56±0.34) min;the total time of automatic injection dispensing system was reduced from (2.02±0.54) min to (0.72±0.23) min.The amount of tablet pharmacist and injection pharmacist was reduced form 8 to 4, 5 to1 respectively. Conclusion The application of automatic drug dispensing system was characterized by convenience, cleanness, quickness and accuracy, which might enhance hospital pharmaceutical care level and repesent the trend of the development in hostpital pharrmacy.
Objective To evaluate the implementation effect of automatic drug dispensing system in inpatients dispensary. Methods Two kinds of drug dispensing model were adopted in five departments. By comparing 10 days before and after application of automatic unit-dose drug dispensing system and automatic injection drug dispensing system to evaluate whether automatic drug dispensing was better than traditional drug dispensing. Results Compared automatic tablet dispensing system and manual mode, the totle time was reduced from (1.12±0.57) min to (0.56±0.34) min;the total time of automatic injection dispensing system was reduced from (2.02±0.54) min to (0.72±0.23) min.The amount of tablet pharmacist and injection pharmacist was reduced form 8 to 4, 5 to1 respectively. Conclusion The application of automatic drug dispensing system was characterized by convenience, cleanness, quickness and accuracy, which might enhance hospital pharmaceutical care level and repesent the trend of the development in hostpital pharrmacy.
2013, 31(3): 235-237.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.022
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the laboratory management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and provide reference for drug control. Methods The promble of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances administration in the laboratory were summarized and analyzed. Results and Conclusions The management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in laboratory should be improved, through the establishment of the management and inspection system of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, reinforce ofthe laboratory staff education, improvement of drugs' residual supervision, enhancement of drug's management efficiency by information technology, to achieve the overall goal of the safety management of the laboratory drugs.
Objective To investigate the laboratory management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, and provide reference for drug control. Methods The promble of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances administration in the laboratory were summarized and analyzed. Results and Conclusions The management of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances in laboratory should be improved, through the establishment of the management and inspection system of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, reinforce ofthe laboratory staff education, improvement of drugs' residual supervision, enhancement of drug's management efficiency by information technology, to achieve the overall goal of the safety management of the laboratory drugs.
2013, 31(3): 238-239.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2013.03.023
Abstract:
Objective To provide a reference for drug electronic supervision being implemented in China. Methods the problems and the reasons for US drug administration to implement of drug e-pedigree were analyzed by induction the bills, reports and literatures. Results There were differences between states board of pharmacy and FDA of technical solutions, technical standards, expected results, and implementation period. Pharmaceutical enterprises had doubts about program in the practical application, increasing costs, information sharing, and policy risks of drug e-pedigree. Conclusion Revising standards, definite of information transmission rules, suspension of holding accountable, and eliminating panic in the pharmacy industry, which should be valued and addressed as matter of priority in the process of implement drug electronic supervision by Chinese drug administration agencies.
Objective To provide a reference for drug electronic supervision being implemented in China. Methods the problems and the reasons for US drug administration to implement of drug e-pedigree were analyzed by induction the bills, reports and literatures. Results There were differences between states board of pharmacy and FDA of technical solutions, technical standards, expected results, and implementation period. Pharmaceutical enterprises had doubts about program in the practical application, increasing costs, information sharing, and policy risks of drug e-pedigree. Conclusion Revising standards, definite of information transmission rules, suspension of holding accountable, and eliminating panic in the pharmacy industry, which should be valued and addressed as matter of priority in the process of implement drug electronic supervision by Chinese drug administration agencies.
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