2010 Vol. 28, No. 6
Display Method:
2010, 28(6): 406-409,467.
Abstract:
Heavy metals in soil will affect the growth,development,multiplication of plants.Meanwhile,the plants that grow under heavy metal press can produce heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation.This paper reviewed the impacts of heavy metal stress on the growth of medicinal plants and its machanism of tolerance and hyperaccumulation.The impacts of heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation on the safety of traditional Chinese medicine were also reviewed.
Heavy metals in soil will affect the growth,development,multiplication of plants.Meanwhile,the plants that grow under heavy metal press can produce heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation.This paper reviewed the impacts of heavy metal stress on the growth of medicinal plants and its machanism of tolerance and hyperaccumulation.The impacts of heavy metal tolerance and hyperaccumulation on the safety of traditional Chinese medicine were also reviewed.
2010, 28(6): 410-413,450.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the differential proteomics of the peritoneal macrophages in experimental endometriosis rats treated by EsA. Methods Experimental endometriosis was induced by auto-transplantation of endometrium.Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2D-PAGE) combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF identification were used to investigate the effects of EsA on the proteome of macrophages of experimental endometriosis rats. Results Compared with normal controls,pyruvate kinase3(PKM2).phosphatidylinositol transfer protein(PITPN),and heat shock protein 8(HSP8) had higher expression in peritoneal macrophages of experimental endometriosis,but glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) expressed lower.However,these aberrant expression could be inhibited by EsA. Conclusion It was revealed a potential mechanism of the pathogenesis of endometriosis,which gave a new sight to understand the anti-inflammatory effects of EsA and its underlying immunoregulation mechanisms.
Objective To evaluate the differential proteomics of the peritoneal macrophages in experimental endometriosis rats treated by EsA. Methods Experimental endometriosis was induced by auto-transplantation of endometrium.Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(2D-PAGE) combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF identification were used to investigate the effects of EsA on the proteome of macrophages of experimental endometriosis rats. Results Compared with normal controls,pyruvate kinase3(PKM2).phosphatidylinositol transfer protein(PITPN),and heat shock protein 8(HSP8) had higher expression in peritoneal macrophages of experimental endometriosis,but glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH) expressed lower.However,these aberrant expression could be inhibited by EsA. Conclusion It was revealed a potential mechanism of the pathogenesis of endometriosis,which gave a new sight to understand the anti-inflammatory effects of EsA and its underlying immunoregulation mechanisms.
2010, 28(6): 414-417,459.
Abstract:
Objective To prepare 4″-alkoxy-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl-4-carboxylic acids(1),the key fatty acid chain which is pharmaceutical intermediates for the total synthesis of novel cyclohexalipopeptide antifungal agents such as Caspofungin analogs. Methods Starting from 4′-bromo-4-hydroxy-1,1′-biphenyl(2), Results target compounds 1a-1e were prepared via hydrocarbylation,halogen-mental exchange followed by condensation with triisopropyl borate and acid hydrolysis.
Objective To prepare 4″-alkoxy-1,1′:4′,1″-terphenyl-4-carboxylic acids(1),the key fatty acid chain which is pharmaceutical intermediates for the total synthesis of novel cyclohexalipopeptide antifungal agents such as Caspofungin analogs. Methods Starting from 4′-bromo-4-hydroxy-1,1′-biphenyl(2), Results target compounds 1a-1e were prepared via hydrocarbylation,halogen-mental exchange followed by condensation with triisopropyl borate and acid hydrolysis.
2010, 28(6): 418-421,425.
Abstract:
Objective To prepare Piroxicam microemulsion and investigate its transdermal characteristics in vitro. Methods The o/w microemulsion was prepared with the system contained of Lauroglycol FCC as oil phase,Labrasol and Cremophor EL as surfactants,Transcutol P and Ethanol as cosurfactants according to the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.The transdermal characteristics were evaluated by modified Franz diffusion cell method.Rat's skin was used as permeation barrier and the drug concentration was measured by HPLC. Results The optimum formulation consisted of 0.5%Piroxicam,10%Lauroglycol FCC,50%water,13.3%Labrasol,Cremophor El and Transcutol P.The permeation rate of Piroxicam was 10.04±1.73 μg/(cm2·h). Conclusion The Results indicated that the optimum microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of Piroxicam.
Objective To prepare Piroxicam microemulsion and investigate its transdermal characteristics in vitro. Methods The o/w microemulsion was prepared with the system contained of Lauroglycol FCC as oil phase,Labrasol and Cremophor EL as surfactants,Transcutol P and Ethanol as cosurfactants according to the pseudo-ternary phase diagrams.The transdermal characteristics were evaluated by modified Franz diffusion cell method.Rat's skin was used as permeation barrier and the drug concentration was measured by HPLC. Results The optimum formulation consisted of 0.5%Piroxicam,10%Lauroglycol FCC,50%water,13.3%Labrasol,Cremophor El and Transcutol P.The permeation rate of Piroxicam was 10.04±1.73 μg/(cm2·h). Conclusion The Results indicated that the optimum microemulsion system with high permeation rate may be a potential vehicle for the transdermal delivery of Piroxicam.
2010, 28(6): 422-425.
Abstract:
Objective To study the formulation and stability of the total flavonoids cream from Oxytropis falcata. Methods The oil in water(O/W) cream matrixes with different compositions were studied.The quality and stability of the creams were evaluated by appearance inspection,microscopic observation and content alteration. Results The optimal cream bases contains: stearic acid 3 g,white vaseline 3 g,satiric-glycerol ester 1 g,span-60 0.8 g,liquid paraffine 4.5 g as the oil phase,tween-80 2.5 g,glycerol 5 g,methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.1 g,and distilled water 40 ml as the aqueous phase.The cream possessed the best character of lubrication,exquisition,stability and was easy to be used and cleaned. Conclusion The formulation of the total flavonoids cream of Oxytropis falcata was optimized with stable quality.
Objective To study the formulation and stability of the total flavonoids cream from Oxytropis falcata. Methods The oil in water(O/W) cream matrixes with different compositions were studied.The quality and stability of the creams were evaluated by appearance inspection,microscopic observation and content alteration. Results The optimal cream bases contains: stearic acid 3 g,white vaseline 3 g,satiric-glycerol ester 1 g,span-60 0.8 g,liquid paraffine 4.5 g as the oil phase,tween-80 2.5 g,glycerol 5 g,methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.1 g,and distilled water 40 ml as the aqueous phase.The cream possessed the best character of lubrication,exquisition,stability and was easy to be used and cleaned. Conclusion The formulation of the total flavonoids cream of Oxytropis falcata was optimized with stable quality.
2010, 28(6): 426-428.
Abstract:
Objective To study the chemical constituents of Semen Allii Fistulosi. Methods The constituents were isolated and purificated by column chromatography.The structures of the constituents were elucidated by spectral and chemical Methods. Results Six compounds were obtained from the water extract of Semen Allii Fistulosi.Structures of compounds were determined as azelaic acid(I),ferulic acid(II),vanillic acid(III),2-methoxyhy droquinone(IV),(R)-(+)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid(V) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(VI). Conclusion All the compounds were isolated from Semen Allii Fistulosi for the first time.
Objective To study the chemical constituents of Semen Allii Fistulosi. Methods The constituents were isolated and purificated by column chromatography.The structures of the constituents were elucidated by spectral and chemical Methods. Results Six compounds were obtained from the water extract of Semen Allii Fistulosi.Structures of compounds were determined as azelaic acid(I),ferulic acid(II),vanillic acid(III),2-methoxyhy droquinone(IV),(R)-(+)-2-hydroxy-3-phenylpropanoic acid(V) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(VI). Conclusion All the compounds were isolated from Semen Allii Fistulosi for the first time.
2010, 28(6): 429-430,480.
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Objective To study the technological processing of removing proteins of Herba patriniae polysaccharide. Methods Sevag,trichloroaceticacid and enzymatic hydrolysis Methods were used to remove protein from polysaccharide extract of Herba patriniae. Results The Results showed scheme of enzyme was better than others.When the polysaccharide solution was enzymatic hydrolysis for 2.5 hours in 55 ℃ water with pH 6.0 by adding 4% papain,51.65% protein of polysaccharide extract could be removed,the loss rate of polysaccharide was 7.93%. Conclusion Enzymatic hydrolysis of removing proteins was better than others.
Objective To study the technological processing of removing proteins of Herba patriniae polysaccharide. Methods Sevag,trichloroaceticacid and enzymatic hydrolysis Methods were used to remove protein from polysaccharide extract of Herba patriniae. Results The Results showed scheme of enzyme was better than others.When the polysaccharide solution was enzymatic hydrolysis for 2.5 hours in 55 ℃ water with pH 6.0 by adding 4% papain,51.65% protein of polysaccharide extract could be removed,the loss rate of polysaccharide was 7.93%. Conclusion Enzymatic hydrolysis of removing proteins was better than others.
2010, 28(6): 431-432,436.
Abstract:
Objective To observe the effect of anti-inflammatory and hemostasis of 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone in Oxyptropis Falcate Bunge. Methods the mice were taken 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone by gavage in 5 days.The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by using the model of xylene-induced mouse ear edema.The hemostasis effect was measured by bleeding time,clotting time and prothrombin time in mice. Results The compounds reduced the bleeding time,accelerated blood clotting and decreased the role of PT in mice,which was more obviously effective in high dose(80 mg/kg). Conclusion 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone in Oxyptropis Falcate Bunge has good effects on anti-inflammatory,hemostasis and blood coagulation.
Objective To observe the effect of anti-inflammatory and hemostasis of 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone in Oxyptropis Falcate Bunge. Methods the mice were taken 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone by gavage in 5 days.The anti-inflammatory effect was determined by using the model of xylene-induced mouse ear edema.The hemostasis effect was measured by bleeding time,clotting time and prothrombin time in mice. Results The compounds reduced the bleeding time,accelerated blood clotting and decreased the role of PT in mice,which was more obviously effective in high dose(80 mg/kg). Conclusion 2′,4′-dihydroxy chalcone in Oxyptropis Falcate Bunge has good effects on anti-inflammatory,hemostasis and blood coagulation.
2010, 28(6): 433-439,436.
Abstract:
Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of aqueous extract of Erzhi pill on hepatocytes injured by CCL4 or H2O2. Methods The L-O2 hepatocytes were incubated and then injured by CCl4.The levels of AST,ALT,MDA and SOD in cultural supernatant were detected by general Methods.Cell viability was assayed by MTT method. Results The elevation of MDA content of hepatocytes and AST,ALT level in supernatant of hepatocytes,and the loss of SOD activit y induced by CCl4 were restored remarkably by AEEP(0.32～40 μg/ml).The elevation of ALT,AST level in the supernatant of hepatocytes and MDA content of hepatocytes,and the loss of SOD activity induced by H2O2 were improved significantly by AEEP(0.32～40 μg/ml)treatment. Conclusion The Results suggest that AEEP possess direct protective action on hepatocytes in vitro injured by CCl4 or H2O2.These might be associated with its anti-oxidative activity.
Objective To study the protective effects and mechanism of aqueous extract of Erzhi pill on hepatocytes injured by CCL4 or H2O2. Methods The L-O2 hepatocytes were incubated and then injured by CCl4.The levels of AST,ALT,MDA and SOD in cultural supernatant were detected by general Methods.Cell viability was assayed by MTT method. Results The elevation of MDA content of hepatocytes and AST,ALT level in supernatant of hepatocytes,and the loss of SOD activit y induced by CCl4 were restored remarkably by AEEP(0.32～40 μg/ml).The elevation of ALT,AST level in the supernatant of hepatocytes and MDA content of hepatocytes,and the loss of SOD activity induced by H2O2 were improved significantly by AEEP(0.32～40 μg/ml)treatment. Conclusion The Results suggest that AEEP possess direct protective action on hepatocytes in vitro injured by CCl4 or H2O2.These might be associated with its anti-oxidative activity.
2010, 28(6): 437-439,444.
Abstract:
Objective To study the effects of HR0905 on nervous system of mice and cardiovascular and respiratory systems of beagle dogs. Methods The mice were randomly divided into high,medium and low dose group and control group which received a single dose of 30,100,300 and 0 mg/kg of HR0905 by intragastric(ig) administration respectively and the spontaneous activities and pull-down ability of animals were observed.The beagle dogs were also randomly divided into high,medium and low dose group and control groups which received a single dose of 2,6,20 and 0 mg/kg HR0905 by ig administration respectively and the blood pressure,ECG,respiratory rate and width of dogs were measured. Results Compared with the vehicle control group,the pole climbing ability of the high dose group decreased significantly after a single ig administration of HR0905.Then a downward trend of spontaneous activity was observed in the animals 1.5 h after the administration,and the peak value was detected at 3.5 h.After a single ig administration of HR 0905,the heart rate of beagle dogs decreased significantly.The systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and respiratory rate of beagle dogs were decreased 2.0 h after administration in the medium and high dose groups,and the peak vale was detected at 4.0 h after administration.HR0905 had no significant effects on P-wave voltage,T wave voltage,QRS interval,PR interval,QT interval,ST segment of ECG of Beagle dogs.HR0905 had no significant effects on respiratory frequency,amplitude and rhythm in Beagle dogs. Conclusion HR0905 had certain effects on cardiovascular and nervous system.The compound could decrease the heart rate of the dogs.There was a downward trend in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure of beagle dogs.The pole climbing ability of mice decreases significantly and spontaneous activity experiences a downward trend.
Objective To study the effects of HR0905 on nervous system of mice and cardiovascular and respiratory systems of beagle dogs. Methods The mice were randomly divided into high,medium and low dose group and control group which received a single dose of 30,100,300 and 0 mg/kg of HR0905 by intragastric(ig) administration respectively and the spontaneous activities and pull-down ability of animals were observed.The beagle dogs were also randomly divided into high,medium and low dose group and control groups which received a single dose of 2,6,20 and 0 mg/kg HR0905 by ig administration respectively and the blood pressure,ECG,respiratory rate and width of dogs were measured. Results Compared with the vehicle control group,the pole climbing ability of the high dose group decreased significantly after a single ig administration of HR0905.Then a downward trend of spontaneous activity was observed in the animals 1.5 h after the administration,and the peak value was detected at 3.5 h.After a single ig administration of HR 0905,the heart rate of beagle dogs decreased significantly.The systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure,heart rate and respiratory rate of beagle dogs were decreased 2.0 h after administration in the medium and high dose groups,and the peak vale was detected at 4.0 h after administration.HR0905 had no significant effects on P-wave voltage,T wave voltage,QRS interval,PR interval,QT interval,ST segment of ECG of Beagle dogs.HR0905 had no significant effects on respiratory frequency,amplitude and rhythm in Beagle dogs. Conclusion HR0905 had certain effects on cardiovascular and nervous system.The compound could decrease the heart rate of the dogs.There was a downward trend in systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,mean arterial pressure of beagle dogs.The pole climbing ability of mice decreases significantly and spontaneous activity experiences a downward trend.
2010, 28(6): 440-444,444.
Abstract:
Objective To investigate the effects of Sodium danshensu on myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs. Methods The parameters including coronary blood flow,myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen uptake rate in normal anaesthetic dogs were used to study the effects of Sodium danshensu on ischemic myocardium. Results Cardiac output and coronary blood flow were increased significantly and myocardial oxygen uptake rate and myocardial oxygen consumption were remarkable decreased in the periods of 5 min to 120 min when Sodium danshensu given to dogs,which had difference with that of normal saline group(P<0.01). Conclusion Sodium danshensu had protective effects on the ischemic myocardium.
Objective To investigate the effects of Sodium danshensu on myocardial oxygen consumption in dogs. Methods The parameters including coronary blood flow,myocardial oxygen consumption and myocardial oxygen uptake rate in normal anaesthetic dogs were used to study the effects of Sodium danshensu on ischemic myocardium. Results Cardiac output and coronary blood flow were increased significantly and myocardial oxygen uptake rate and myocardial oxygen consumption were remarkable decreased in the periods of 5 min to 120 min when Sodium danshensu given to dogs,which had difference with that of normal saline group(P<0.01). Conclusion Sodium danshensu had protective effects on the ischemic myocardium.
2010, 28(6): 445-447,474.
Abstract:
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,cimifugin,4'-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-β-D-glucosylhammaudol in Radix Saposhnikoviae. Methods The sample was analyzed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm id) column with methanol-water mobile phase for the gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 254 nm and flow rate was 0.7 ml/min.The column temperature was 25 ℃ and injection volume was 5 μl. Results The HPLC method for the determination of four major components in Radix Saposhnikoviae was established.The result of method was good. Conclusion The method was simple and feasible,and accurate which could be available for the quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae.
Objective To establish a HPLC method for the determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin,cimifugin,4'-O-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol and sec-O-β-D-glucosylhammaudol in Radix Saposhnikoviae. Methods The sample was analyzed on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18(5 μm,150 mm×4.6 mm id) column with methanol-water mobile phase for the gradient elution.The detection wavelength was 254 nm and flow rate was 0.7 ml/min.The column temperature was 25 ℃ and injection volume was 5 μl. Results The HPLC method for the determination of four major components in Radix Saposhnikoviae was established.The result of method was good. Conclusion The method was simple and feasible,and accurate which could be available for the quality control of Radix Saposhnikoviae.
2010, 28(6): 448-450.
Abstract:
Objective To study on the migration and possible influences of the volatile substances from rubber stoppers on ceftriaxone sodium. Methods GC method was used to detect the volatile substances from rubber stoppers and powders of ceftriaxone sodium for injection with clarity problems. Results The volatile substances from rubber stoppers with higher boiling point could be detected in the contacted ceftriaxone sodium samples while the volatile substances with lower boiling point and C13H23Br could not be detected in the samples. Conclusion The volatile substances with high boiling point originated from the rubber stoppers could migrate to ceftriaxone sodium powders and could be absorbed by the powders,and some transferred substances could even further react with ceftriaxone sodium.
Objective To study on the migration and possible influences of the volatile substances from rubber stoppers on ceftriaxone sodium. Methods GC method was used to detect the volatile substances from rubber stoppers and powders of ceftriaxone sodium for injection with clarity problems. Results The volatile substances from rubber stoppers with higher boiling point could be detected in the contacted ceftriaxone sodium samples while the volatile substances with lower boiling point and C13H23Br could not be detected in the samples. Conclusion The volatile substances with high boiling point originated from the rubber stoppers could migrate to ceftriaxone sodium powders and could be absorbed by the powders,and some transferred substances could even further react with ceftriaxone sodium.
2010, 28(6): 451-455.
Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) compared with chemotherapy alone. Methods The literature of randomized clinical trials(RCTs) that compared the efficacy of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone form 2000 to 2009 were collected.Meta-analysis was employed to evaluate the Results of these therapies by RevMan 4.2.11 literature was seclected including 915 cases. Results Compared with control group,the total OR of efficiency rate of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy was 2.49,(95%CI,1.83-3.40),OR of the disease control rate were 1.91,(95%CI,1.40-2.59),both showing significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion Combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy was superior to chemotherapy alone in treatment of NSCLC in total efficiency rate and disease control rate.
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) compared with chemotherapy alone. Methods The literature of randomized clinical trials(RCTs) that compared the efficacy of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy and chemotherapy alone form 2000 to 2009 were collected.Meta-analysis was employed to evaluate the Results of these therapies by RevMan 4.2.11 literature was seclected including 915 cases. Results Compared with control group,the total OR of efficiency rate of combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy was 2.49,(95%CI,1.83-3.40),OR of the disease control rate were 1.91,(95%CI,1.40-2.59),both showing significant difference(P<0.01). Conclusion Combining rh-endostatin with chemotherapy was superior to chemotherapy alone in treatment of NSCLC in total efficiency rate and disease control rate.
2010, 28(6): 456-459.
Abstract:
Objective To study the use of antibiotics for pediatric in outpatient department in our hospital. Methods 747 031 prescriptions of pediatricoutpatient from January to december of 2009 were randomly collected. Results Antibiotics took up 53.26% of the total prescriptions and 9 kinds with 41 varieties were used.Cephalosporin medicines took up 52.37% of antiinfection agents DDDs;Macrolide medicines was 32.48%,The compound administration of antibiotics was 23.76%.DUI of 4 kinds antibiotics in top 10 intravenous injection of DDDs was higher than1.0.DUI of 1 kind oral use of antibiotics was higher than 1.0. Conclusion The antibiotics were rationally used for pediatric in outpatient department in our hospital,but it still has some problems,which should be further standardized.
Objective To study the use of antibiotics for pediatric in outpatient department in our hospital. Methods 747 031 prescriptions of pediatricoutpatient from January to december of 2009 were randomly collected. Results Antibiotics took up 53.26% of the total prescriptions and 9 kinds with 41 varieties were used.Cephalosporin medicines took up 52.37% of antiinfection agents DDDs;Macrolide medicines was 32.48%,The compound administration of antibiotics was 23.76%.DUI of 4 kinds antibiotics in top 10 intravenous injection of DDDs was higher than1.0.DUI of 1 kind oral use of antibiotics was higher than 1.0. Conclusion The antibiotics were rationally used for pediatric in outpatient department in our hospital,but it still has some problems,which should be further standardized.
2010, 28(6): 460-462.
Abstract:
Objective To establish an and quantized method for the selection of analgesics for battle wound treatment. Methods 5 evaluation indexes including analgesic activity,time to onset,holding time,unit price and wartime duty index were chosen through correlated references and experts consultation.Grey Correlation Model was used to calculate the Relevancy of 10 analgesics. Results Dihydroetorphine is the most suitable one for battle wound treatment which has the maximal Relevancy among 10 analgesics. Conclusion Grey Correlation Model could be used to realize the selection of medicine for battle wound treatment.
Objective To establish an and quantized method for the selection of analgesics for battle wound treatment. Methods 5 evaluation indexes including analgesic activity,time to onset,holding time,unit price and wartime duty index were chosen through correlated references and experts consultation.Grey Correlation Model was used to calculate the Relevancy of 10 analgesics. Results Dihydroetorphine is the most suitable one for battle wound treatment which has the maximal Relevancy among 10 analgesics. Conclusion Grey Correlation Model could be used to realize the selection of medicine for battle wound treatment.
2010, 28(6): 463-466.
Abstract:
Objective To observe the variation trend of productive efficiency of the hospital pharmacy and analyze the main reason of the change.
Method 61 hospital pharmacies were divided into several groups according to the numbers of beds.The drug income of per person one year and drug income of every hundred beds one year were taken as index to compare the variation trend of productive efficiency among all pharmacies during 2001 to 2005. Results and Conclusion The productive efficiency of the pharmacy in all groups increased year by year.The amplitude was 4.15% to 27.5% every year.The scale of bed number was the key index which had decisive influence to the productive efficiency of the hospital pharmacy.800 to 1000 beds could be the suitable scale in the hospital.
Objective To observe the variation trend of productive efficiency of the hospital pharmacy and analyze the main reason of the change.
Method 61 hospital pharmacies were divided into several groups according to the numbers of beds.The drug income of per person one year and drug income of every hundred beds one year were taken as index to compare the variation trend of productive efficiency among all pharmacies during 2001 to 2005. Results and Conclusion The productive efficiency of the pharmacy in all groups increased year by year.The amplitude was 4.15% to 27.5% every year.The scale of bed number was the key index which had decisive influence to the productive efficiency of the hospital pharmacy.800 to 1000 beds could be the suitable scale in the hospital.
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