2008 Vol. 26, No. 5
Display Method:
2008, (5): 343-345,349.
Abstract:
Objective:This study was designed to investigate the different relaxation effect of cinnarizine and nimodipine on isolated arteries.Methods:Arteries were isolated from sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220～250 g,carefully dissected from sur- rounding fat and connective tissues,and cut into 2～3 mm-long circular segments.These segments were initially contracted with pheny- lephrine(1μM).When the contraction reached a steady state,cumulative concentration-respense(CR)curves to cinnarizine or ni- modipine were obtained by adding increasing concentrations to the segments that functional endothelium was present or absent.Re- sults:Both cinnarizine and nimodipine produced concentration-dependent relaxation on the segments that functional endothelium was present or absent.Nimodipine produced stronger relaxation on endothelium complete segments than on the endothelium removal ones. Cinnarizine produced a same relaxation on endothelium-complete segments and endothelium-removed ones.Conclusion:Cinnarizine and nimodipine produced different relaxation effects on endothelium-complete segments and endothelium-removed ones.The differ- ence between cinnarizine and nimodipine was depended on the integrity of the vascular endothelium.
Objective:This study was designed to investigate the different relaxation effect of cinnarizine and nimodipine on isolated arteries.Methods:Arteries were isolated from sixteen male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 220～250 g,carefully dissected from sur- rounding fat and connective tissues,and cut into 2～3 mm-long circular segments.These segments were initially contracted with pheny- lephrine(1μM).When the contraction reached a steady state,cumulative concentration-respense(CR)curves to cinnarizine or ni- modipine were obtained by adding increasing concentrations to the segments that functional endothelium was present or absent.Re- sults:Both cinnarizine and nimodipine produced concentration-dependent relaxation on the segments that functional endothelium was present or absent.Nimodipine produced stronger relaxation on endothelium complete segments than on the endothelium removal ones. Cinnarizine produced a same relaxation on endothelium-complete segments and endothelium-removed ones.Conclusion:Cinnarizine and nimodipine produced different relaxation effects on endothelium-complete segments and endothelium-removed ones.The differ- ence between cinnarizine and nimodipine was depended on the integrity of the vascular endothelium.
2008, (5): 346-349.
Abstract:
Objective:To develop a new transdermal drug delivery system(solid lipid nanoparticles)for felodipine to improve its effect.Methods:Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by solvent-dispersion techique and were treated further by sonication.The release rate and permeation rate of felodipine were studied through excised rat skin in vitro.Results:Solid lipid nanoparticles containing felodipine were spherelike.The particle size was 50～150 nm;the drug entrapped efficiency was higher than 85%;the drug loading was not less than 7%.The release of felodipine from solid lipid nanoparticles followed the first grade model kinetics and the permeation rate of felodipine was remarkably higher in vitro than placebo.Conclusion:The formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles containing felodipine is reasonable.Solid lipid nanoparticles might be a suitable system for transdermal drug delivery.
Objective:To develop a new transdermal drug delivery system(solid lipid nanoparticles)for felodipine to improve its effect.Methods:Solid lipid nanoparticles were prepared by solvent-dispersion techique and were treated further by sonication.The release rate and permeation rate of felodipine were studied through excised rat skin in vitro.Results:Solid lipid nanoparticles containing felodipine were spherelike.The particle size was 50～150 nm;the drug entrapped efficiency was higher than 85%;the drug loading was not less than 7%.The release of felodipine from solid lipid nanoparticles followed the first grade model kinetics and the permeation rate of felodipine was remarkably higher in vitro than placebo.Conclusion:The formulation of solid lipid nanoparticles containing felodipine is reasonable.Solid lipid nanoparticles might be a suitable system for transdermal drug delivery.
2008, (5): 350-352.
Abstract:
Objective:To compare the dissolution of loratadine tablets or capsules in vitro from five different pharmaceutical facto- ries and give suggestions for clinical use.Methods:The dissolution tests were carried out with rotating basket and the content of lorata- dine was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The accumulation dissolution percent was calculated and Weibull formula was used to fit the deta.The dissolution parameters was statistically analyzed by variance analysis and Q test.Results:The dissolution of loratadine tablets or capsules in vitro from five factories were all in conformity with Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2005 edition）.But significant differ- ences of dissolution parameters m,Kr,T30,T50,Td and T80 were found among the loratadine tablets or capsules from five factories（P<0.05）.Conclusion:There is a significant difference in dissolution parameters of the loratadine tablets or capsules from five factories, indicating that attention should be paid to their difference in clinical use.
Objective:To compare the dissolution of loratadine tablets or capsules in vitro from five different pharmaceutical facto- ries and give suggestions for clinical use.Methods:The dissolution tests were carried out with rotating basket and the content of lorata- dine was determined by UV spectrophotometry.The accumulation dissolution percent was calculated and Weibull formula was used to fit the deta.The dissolution parameters was statistically analyzed by variance analysis and Q test.Results:The dissolution of loratadine tablets or capsules in vitro from five factories were all in conformity with Chinese Pharmacopoeia（2005 edition）.But significant differ- ences of dissolution parameters m,Kr,T30,T50,Td and T80 were found among the loratadine tablets or capsules from five factories（P<0.05）.Conclusion:There is a significant difference in dissolution parameters of the loratadine tablets or capsules from five factories, indicating that attention should be paid to their difference in clinical use.
2008, (5): 354-356.
Abstract:
Objective:To establish a content determination method of citrate in sodium citrate injection for catheter locking. Methods:HPLC was used to determine citrate on Diamonsil C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,using MeOH:0.05 mol/L KH2PO4（adjusted to pH 2.5～2.8 by H3PO4）（5:95,v:v）as a mobile phase with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min and UV wavelengh of 210 nm.Results:The calibration curve of citrate was line in the range of 0.5～6 mg/mL（r=0.999 9,n=5）.The average recovery was 98.79% （RSD=1.08%）.The relative contents of citrate in three batch of citrate in sodium citrate injection for catheter locking were 100.51%,98.22% and 97.78%,respectively.Conclusion:This method was simple,rapid,accurate and suitable for the quality control of citrate.
Objective:To establish a content determination method of citrate in sodium citrate injection for catheter locking. Methods:HPLC was used to determine citrate on Diamonsil C18 column（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）,using MeOH:0.05 mol/L KH2PO4（adjusted to pH 2.5～2.8 by H3PO4）（5:95,v:v）as a mobile phase with a flow rate at 1.0 mL/min and UV wavelengh of 210 nm.Results:The calibration curve of citrate was line in the range of 0.5～6 mg/mL（r=0.999 9,n=5）.The average recovery was 98.79% （RSD=1.08%）.The relative contents of citrate in three batch of citrate in sodium citrate injection for catheter locking were 100.51%,98.22% and 97.78%,respectively.Conclusion:This method was simple,rapid,accurate and suitable for the quality control of citrate.
2008, (5): 357-358,361.
Abstract:
Objective:To establish high performance liquid chromatography method for determination the content of lincomycin hydrochloride in lincomycin cream.Methods:A YMC C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）column was used with the mobile phase of 0.05mol/L borax （adjust pH to 6.0 with phosphoric acid）-methanol （55:45）and UV wavelengh of 214 nm.Results:The calibration curve of lincomycin hydrochloride was line in the range of 10～30μg（r=0.999 7）.The average recovery was 98.74%（RSD= 2.06%,n=9）.The relative content of lincomycin hydrochloride in three batch of lincomycin cream was 96.21%,96.50% and 93.38%.Conclusion:This method is simple,quick,accurate and suitable for the quality control of lincomyein cream.
Objective:To establish high performance liquid chromatography method for determination the content of lincomycin hydrochloride in lincomycin cream.Methods:A YMC C18（250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm）column was used with the mobile phase of 0.05mol/L borax （adjust pH to 6.0 with phosphoric acid）-methanol （55:45）and UV wavelengh of 214 nm.Results:The calibration curve of lincomycin hydrochloride was line in the range of 10～30μg（r=0.999 7）.The average recovery was 98.74%（RSD= 2.06%,n=9）.The relative content of lincomycin hydrochloride in three batch of lincomycin cream was 96.21%,96.50% and 93.38%.Conclusion:This method is simple,quick,accurate and suitable for the quality control of lincomyein cream.
2008, (5): 359-361.
Abstract:
Objective:To study the extraction technology of baicalin in radix scutellariae.Methods:The L9（34） orthogonal table was employed to speculate the influence factors of the extraction by means of inspecting alcohol concentration,extracting time and sol- vent volumn,which were the major three influenec factors.Then intiutive analysis and variance analysis were used to review the index of baicalin contents,by which the optimum extraction technology could be selected.Results:The optimum extraction technology were 12 times of 50% alcohol,hot reflux extraction and extracting for 1 time and 3 hours each time.Conclusion:This optimum extradion process of baicalin in radix scutellariae is simple and repeatable and it can be used in industrial production.
Objective:To study the extraction technology of baicalin in radix scutellariae.Methods:The L9（34） orthogonal table was employed to speculate the influence factors of the extraction by means of inspecting alcohol concentration,extracting time and sol- vent volumn,which were the major three influenec factors.Then intiutive analysis and variance analysis were used to review the index of baicalin contents,by which the optimum extraction technology could be selected.Results:The optimum extraction technology were 12 times of 50% alcohol,hot reflux extraction and extracting for 1 time and 3 hours each time.Conclusion:This optimum extradion process of baicalin in radix scutellariae is simple and repeatable and it can be used in industrial production.
2008, (5): 362-363,371.
Abstract:
Objective:To analyze and compare the content of effective components of root,stem and leaf which are in three differ- ent kinds of Salvia miltiorrhiza collected from Taishan.Methods:Using RP-HPLC to determine the quality of effective components such as tanshinone,tanshinoneⅡA,danshensu and protocatechualdehyde in different parts of three kinds of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Results: Salvia miltiorrhiza root is rich in fat-soluble component;while Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf is rich in danshensu comparatively.Conclusion: This method is accurate and reliable with good reproducibility.
Objective:To analyze and compare the content of effective components of root,stem and leaf which are in three differ- ent kinds of Salvia miltiorrhiza collected from Taishan.Methods:Using RP-HPLC to determine the quality of effective components such as tanshinone,tanshinoneⅡA,danshensu and protocatechualdehyde in different parts of three kinds of Salvia miltiorrhiza.Results: Salvia miltiorrhiza root is rich in fat-soluble component;while Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf is rich in danshensu comparatively.Conclusion: This method is accurate and reliable with good reproducibility.
2008, (5): 364-366.
Abstract:
Objective:To study the effect of pH on stability of brimonidine tartrate eye drops and to determine the optimal range of pH and storage conditions of it.Methods:HPLC methed was used for the determination of content and related substance of brimonidine tartrae eye drops.The stability of the preparation at high temperature and intense light illumination was studied.Results:Brimonidine tartrae eye drops was sensitive to high temperature and strong illumination.The stability of the preparation would get lower with the in- crease of pH.Conclusion:The optimum pH of the preparation was partial to acidity,and the optimum storage condition was low tem- perature and away from light.
Objective:To study the effect of pH on stability of brimonidine tartrate eye drops and to determine the optimal range of pH and storage conditions of it.Methods:HPLC methed was used for the determination of content and related substance of brimonidine tartrae eye drops.The stability of the preparation at high temperature and intense light illumination was studied.Results:Brimonidine tartrae eye drops was sensitive to high temperature and strong illumination.The stability of the preparation would get lower with the in- crease of pH.Conclusion:The optimum pH of the preparation was partial to acidity,and the optimum storage condition was low tem- perature and away from light.
2008, (5): 367-369,395.
Abstract:
Objective:To observe the stability of tinidazole injection mixed with cefathiamidine,cefonicid and ceftazidime injection for 8 hours on 25℃and 37℃,respectively.Methods:The contents of tinidazole injection and three cephamycins were determined by three ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods.Results:After mixed with tinidazole injection for 8 hours,the contents of the three cepha- mycins did not change on 25℃or 37℃.Conclusion:They are all stable for 8 hours on 25℃and 37℃when tinidazole injection is combined with three cephamycins.
Objective:To observe the stability of tinidazole injection mixed with cefathiamidine,cefonicid and ceftazidime injection for 8 hours on 25℃and 37℃,respectively.Methods:The contents of tinidazole injection and three cephamycins were determined by three ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods.Results:After mixed with tinidazole injection for 8 hours,the contents of the three cepha- mycins did not change on 25℃or 37℃.Conclusion:They are all stable for 8 hours on 25℃and 37℃when tinidazole injection is combined with three cephamycins.
2008, (5): 372-375.
Abstract:
According to the comparison on the items in three GLP(/or Principle)formed by USA,OECD and China,respective- ly,and on their foundation,history and current status,the advantages of each GLP(/or Principle)have been studied.Some advices are presented,which are actualizing GLP needs consummate law and supervise system;making the full use of QAU;establishing the e- lectric collection system of test data.It is also a developing course.
According to the comparison on the items in three GLP(/or Principle)formed by USA,OECD and China,respective- ly,and on their foundation,history and current status,the advantages of each GLP(/or Principle)have been studied.Some advices are presented,which are actualizing GLP needs consummate law and supervise system;making the full use of QAU;establishing the e- lectric collection system of test data.It is also a developing course.
2008, (5): 378-381.
Abstract:
Objective:To understand the satisfaction degree of clinical pharmaceutical service objects and provide data for the as- sessment of the clinical pharmacists' work.Methods:The study collected and analyzed statistically information about the satisfaction degree of 22 Beijing' s hospitals from the doctors,the nurses and the patients.Results:①The pharmaceutical knowledge which pro- vided by the clinical pharmacist that the doctors hope most is indications,side effects and their rates,disposition countermeasure to side effects and drug overuse.What the nurses hope are precautions,disposition countermeasure to side effects and drug overuse,com- patible stability of injections.While what the patients hope are precautions,administration and side effects.②Most of the doctors and nurses consider that the clinical pharmacists'work should be providing drug information,doing drug consultation and monitoring the ad- verse drug reaction.③Most of the objects consider that the clinical pharmacists' work,the level of the clinical pharmacists' profes- sional knowledge and their communicate skill are good.Very few objects consider them not good enough.④More than half of the doc- tors and nurses accept more than half of the clinical pharmacists' advice on rational drug use.⑤Most of the patients choose to consult doctors instead of pharmacists when they have drug questions.⑥Most of the objects consider that clinical pharmacists should improve their knowledge about diseases and drugs.Conclusion:The clinical pharmacists' work has been accepted by their service objects to a certain degree,but there are still many things to be done.
Objective:To understand the satisfaction degree of clinical pharmaceutical service objects and provide data for the as- sessment of the clinical pharmacists' work.Methods:The study collected and analyzed statistically information about the satisfaction degree of 22 Beijing' s hospitals from the doctors,the nurses and the patients.Results:①The pharmaceutical knowledge which pro- vided by the clinical pharmacist that the doctors hope most is indications,side effects and their rates,disposition countermeasure to side effects and drug overuse.What the nurses hope are precautions,disposition countermeasure to side effects and drug overuse,com- patible stability of injections.While what the patients hope are precautions,administration and side effects.②Most of the doctors and nurses consider that the clinical pharmacists'work should be providing drug information,doing drug consultation and monitoring the ad- verse drug reaction.③Most of the objects consider that the clinical pharmacists' work,the level of the clinical pharmacists' profes- sional knowledge and their communicate skill are good.Very few objects consider them not good enough.④More than half of the doc- tors and nurses accept more than half of the clinical pharmacists' advice on rational drug use.⑤Most of the patients choose to consult doctors instead of pharmacists when they have drug questions.⑥Most of the objects consider that clinical pharmacists should improve their knowledge about diseases and drugs.Conclusion:The clinical pharmacists' work has been accepted by their service objects to a certain degree,but there are still many things to be done.
2008, (5): 383-386.
Abstract:
Objective:To investigate the existence necessity and development countermeasures of pharmaceutical preparation de- partment in the period when pharmaceutical enterprises are highly developed.Methods:Comprehensive analysis was done after the a- nalysis of the history' the present situation and foreign experiences.Results:The presence of the pharmacemtical preparation depart- ment is associated with the existence of medical behaviors.The effects of the pharmaceutical preparation department can not be re- placed by highly developed pharmaceutical enterprises.Yet the construction and management of pharmaceutical preparation department should break the traditional concept,and be consistent with the GMP management requirements of the pharmaceutical enterprises. Conclusion:Divide pharmaceutical preparation department into central pharmaceutical preparation department,key pharmaceutical preparation department and common pharmaceutical preparation department,and layer-management is the optimized way to manage the pharmaceutical preparation department right now.
Objective:To investigate the existence necessity and development countermeasures of pharmaceutical preparation de- partment in the period when pharmaceutical enterprises are highly developed.Methods:Comprehensive analysis was done after the a- nalysis of the history' the present situation and foreign experiences.Results:The presence of the pharmacemtical preparation depart- ment is associated with the existence of medical behaviors.The effects of the pharmaceutical preparation department can not be re- placed by highly developed pharmaceutical enterprises.Yet the construction and management of pharmaceutical preparation department should break the traditional concept,and be consistent with the GMP management requirements of the pharmaceutical enterprises. Conclusion:Divide pharmaceutical preparation department into central pharmaceutical preparation department,key pharmaceutical preparation department and common pharmaceutical preparation department,and layer-management is the optimized way to manage the pharmaceutical preparation department right now.
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