-
中药丹参是唇形科鼠尾草属药用植物丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge)的干燥根及根茎,具有活血祛瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦、凉血消痈的功效[1]。水溶性的丹酚酸类物质和脂溶性的丹参酮类物质是丹参发挥药效的重要物质基础[2-4]。丹参主要来源于人工栽培,但随着种植规模的扩大,品质退化现象严重[5]。因此,阐明丹参活性成分形成规律对保证其临床用药安全尤为重要。近年来,科研工作者从转录水平对丹参品质形成机制开展了研究,鉴定出多个参与品质调控的转录因子[6-7]。但随着研究的深入,逐渐发现酶的稳定性在药材品质形成中发挥着不可或缺的作用。
泛素-26S蛋白酶体系统通过介导蛋白泛素化降解影响靶蛋白的稳定性[8-11]。其中,F-box蛋白作为Skip-Cullin-F-box(SCF)复合物的核心组分,通过其N端的F-box基序与SKP1相互作用形成骨架,并通过C端的多种蛋白质相互作用结构域选择性识别底物蛋白,这些结构域包括WD 40重复序列、TUB 结构域、Kelch 结构域和富含亮氨酸的重复序列(LRR)等[12]。基于这些不同的结构域,F-box蛋白家族被进一步细分为多个亚家族[13-16]。近年来,F-box-LRR (FBXL)家族蛋白在植物应对生物及非生物逆境中的关键作用日益受到关注。例如,拟南芥茉莉酸受体COI1的C端为18个串联的LRRs结构域[17],能够特异性识别转录抑制子JAZ,并通过26S蛋白酶体途径降解,解除了JAZ对茉莉素途径转录激活因子MYC2的抑制作用,从而激活茉莉素信号途径下游信号防御通路[18-20]。水稻OsCOI1是拟南芥COI1的同源基因,通过与阻遏蛋白JAZ及E3泛素连接酶复合体SCF-COI1的相互作用,诱导一系列防御及生长发育相关基因的表达[21]。拟南芥中的MAX2蛋白,其C端富含LRR结构域,通过调控气孔开合,有效防御丁香假单胞菌和胡萝卜果胶菌的入侵[22]。TIR1/AFBs生长素受体蛋白具有高度保守的F-box-LRR结构域[23],外源病原菌侵染后,miR393过表达导致TIR1水平下降,特异性提高了拟南芥对丁香假单胞杆菌的抗性[24-25]。拟南芥F-box蛋白AFBA1通过脱落酸(ABA)信号途径正调控植物抗旱反应[26]。F-box-Nictaba的表达在拟南芥中受热胁迫、丁香假单胞菌和水杨酸(SA)的诱导, 并通过SA途径介导植物抗病性反应[27]。 拟南芥AT5G15710 基因编码的F-box蛋白参与了对重金属Cu2+或Cd2+的胁迫过程[28]。目前,F-box家族在植物中的功能研究主要集中在拟南芥、水稻等模式植物中,在丹参这一重要药用植物中的研究尚显不足。本研究从丹参基因组中筛选出104条FBXL 基因,并进行生物信息学和表达模式分析,旨在为SmFBXL的后续研究提供依据。
Identification and expression pattern analysis of FBXL gene family in Salvia miltiorrhiza
-
摘要:
目的 基于基因组数据鉴定丹参F-box-LRR (FBXL )基因家族,并对其进行生物信息学与表达模式分析,为进一步深入阐明其基因功能提供依据。 方法 从丹参基因组数据库中鉴定出SmFBXL基因,运用生物信息学方法及在线工具分析其基因结构特征,启动子顺式作用元件,编码的蛋白理化性质、系统进化、组织表达等。 结果 从丹参的基因组中共鉴定出104个SmFBXL基因(SmFBXL1~SmFBXL104),不均等分布于8条染色体上,上游启动子含有与植物抗逆、生长发育和激素应答等相关的顺式作用元件。构建丹参、拟南芥和大豆的FBXL 家族成员的系统发育树,将104个SmFBXL基因分为7个亚族。通过同源进化分析,猜测SmFBXL36可能参与防御病原菌入侵,SmFBXL86、SmFBXL79可能在调控丹参侧根生长中起重要作用,SmFBXL11、SmFBXL40可能调节下胚轴生长。转录组数据显示SmFBXL基因在丹参不同组织中差异表达,其中13个SmFBXL基因在根和叶中的表达水平较高,可作为后续研究SmFBXL基因家族的候选基因。 结论 研究结果为进一步解析SmFBXL基因在丹参逆境响应及次生代谢产物生物合成中的调控机制提供了参考。 -
关键词:
- 丹参 /
- F-box-LRR基因家族 /
- 生物信息学 /
- 功能分析
Abstract:Objective To identify and analyze the bioinformatics and expression patterns of the F-box-LRR(FBXL) gene family of Salvia miltiorrhiza based on genomic data, and provide a foundation for further elucidating its gene functions. Methods The SmFBXL gene was identified from the Salvia miltiorrhiza genomic database. Its gene structure features, promoter cis-acting elements, physicochemical properties of encoded proteins, evolutionary relationships, and tissue expression were analyzed by bioinformatics methods and online tools. Results A total of 104 SmFBXL genes were identified from the Salvia miltiorrhiza genome, unevenly distributed on 8 chromosomes, with upstream promoters containing cis-acting elements related to plant stress resistance, growth and development, and hormone response. A phylogenetic tree of the FBXL family members of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max was constructed, dividing the 104 SmFBXL genes into 7 subfamilies. Through homologous evolution analysis, it was speculated that SmFBXL36 might be involved in defense against pathogen invasion, SmFBXL86 and SmFBXL79 might play important roles in regulating lateral root growth in Salvia miltiorrhiza, and SmFBXL11 and SmFBXL40 might regulate hypocotyl growth. Transcriptome data showed differential expression of SmFBXL genes in different tissues of Salvia miltiorrhiza, with 13 SmFBXL genes showing higher expression levels in roots and leaves, serving as candidate genes for further research on the SmFBXL gene family. Conclusion The research results provided a reference for further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of SmFBXL genes in stress response and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Salvia miltiorrhiza. -
Key words:
- Salvia miltiorrhiza /
- F-box-LRR gene family /
- Bioinformatics /
- Functional analysis
-
-
[1] 马晓晶, 杨健, 马桂荣, 等. 中药丹参的现代化研究进展[J]. 中国中药杂志, 2022, 47(19):5131-5139. [2] 陈雨萌, 李倩, 刘维海, 等. 丹参活性成分治疗心血管疾病的药理作用、临床应用及不良反应研究进展[J]. 药学研究, 2023, 42(12):1028-1034. [3] 焦育强, 刘文斌, 袁夏, 等. 丹参素及其衍生物心血管作用机制的研究进展[J]. 药学实践杂志, 2015, 33(5):389-391,405. [4] 温萍, 张俊平. 隐丹参酮及其衍生物抗肿瘤活性研究进展[J]. 药学实践与服务, 2023, 41(4):207-211. [5] 杨彬, 赵文博, 张海燕, 等. 丹参资源的遗传多样性及其保护利用[J]. 寒旱农业科学, 2023, 2(11):1002-1008. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.11.004 [6] YANG N, ZHOU W, SU J, et al. Overexpression of SmMYC2 Increases the Production of Phenolic Acids in Salvia miltiorrhiza[J]. Front Plant Sci, 2017, 8:1804. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01804 [7] DENG C, HAO X, SHI M, et al. Tanshinone production could be increased by the expression of SmWRKY2 in Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots[J]. Plant Sci, 2019, 284:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.03.007 [8] SADANANDOM A, BAILEY M, EWAN R, et al. The ubiquitin-proteasome system: central modifier of plant signalling[J]. New Phytol, 2012, 196(1):13-28. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04266.x [9] BUCKLEY D L, CREWS C M. Small-molecule control of intracellular protein levels through modulation of the ubiquitin proteasome system[J]. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 2014, 53(9):2312-2330. doi: 10.1002/anie.201307761 [10] SANG Y, YAN F, REN X. The role and mechanism of CRL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase in cancer and its potential therapy implications[J]. Oncotarget, 2015, 6(40):42590-42602. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.6052 [11] XU G, MA H, NEI M, et al. Evolution of F-box genes in plants: different modes of sequence divergence and their relationships with functional diversification[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(3):835-840. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812043106 [12] LECHNER E, ACHARD P, VANSIRI A, et al. F-box proteins everywhere[J]. Curr Opin Plant Biol, 2006, 9(6):631-638. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2006.09.003 [13] CUI H R, ZHANG Z R, LV W, et al. Genome-wide characterization and analysis of F-box protein-encoding genes in the Malus domestica genome[J]. Mol Genet Genomics, 2015, 290(4):1435-1446. doi: 10.1007/s00438-015-1004-z [14] JIA F, WU B, LI H, et al. Genome-wide identification and characterisation of F-box family in maize[J]. Mol Genet Genomics, 2013, 288(11):559-577. doi: 10.1007/s00438-013-0769-1 [15] GUPTA S, GARG V, KANT C, et al. Genome-wide survey and expression analysis of F-box genes in chickpea[J]. BMC Genomics, 2015, 16(1):67. doi: 10.1186/s12864-015-1293-y [16] WANG G M, YIN H, QIAO X, et al. F-box genes: Genome-wide expansion, evolution and their contribution to pollen growth in pear(Pyrus bretschneideri)[J]. Plant Sci, 2016, 253:164-175. doi: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.09.009 [17] YAN J, ZHANG C, GU M, et al. The Arabidopsis CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 protein is a jasmonate receptor[J]. Plant Cell, 2009, 21(8):2220-2236. doi: 10.1105/tpc.109.065730 [18] SHEARD L B, TAN X, MAO H, et al. Jasmonate perception by inositol-phosphate-potentiated COI1-JAZ co-receptor[J]. Nature, 2010, 468(7322):400-405. doi: 10.1038/nature09430 [19] CHINI A, BOTER M, SOLANO R. Plant oxylipins: COI1/JAZs/MYC2 as the core jasmonic acid-signalling module[J]. FEBS J, 2009, 276(17):4682-4692. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07194.x [20] ZHANG C, LEI Y, LU C, et al. MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 function additively in wounding-induced jasmonic acid biosynthesis and catabolism[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 2020, 62(8):1159-1175. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12902 [21] LEE S H, SAKURABA Y, LEE T, et al. Mutation of Oryza sativa CORONATINE INSENSITIVE 1b(OsCOI1b)delays leaf senescence[J]. J Integr Plant Biol, 2015, 57(6):562-576. doi: 10.1111/jipb.12276 [22] PIISILA M, KECELI M A, BRADER G, et al. The F-box protein MAX2 contributes to resistance to bacterial phytopathogens in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. BMC Plant Biol, 2015, 15:53. doi: 10.1186/s12870-015-0434-4 [23] PARRY G, CALDERON-VILLALOBOS L I, PRIGGE M, et al. Complex regulation of the TIR1/AFB family of auxin receptors[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009, 106(52):22540-22545. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0911967106 [24] NAVARRO L, DUNOYER P, JAY F, et al. A plant miRNA contributes to antibacterial resistance by repressing auxin signaling[J]. Science, 2006, 312(5772):436-439. doi: 10.1126/science.1126088 [25] SI-AMMOUR A, WINDELS D, ARN-BOULDOIRES E, et al. miR393 and secondary siRNAs regulate expression of the TIR1/AFB2 auxin receptor clade and auxin-related development of Arabidopsis leaves[J]. Plant Physiol, 2011, 157(2):683-691. doi: 10.1104/pp.111.180083 [26] KIM Y Y, CUI M H, NOH M S, et al. The FBA motif-containing protein AFBA1 acts as a novel positive regulator of ABA response in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2017, 58(3):574-586. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcx003 [27] STEFANOWICZ K, LANNOO N, ZHAO Y, et al. Glycan-binding F-box protein from Arabidopsis thaliana protects plants from Pseudomonas syringae infection[J]. BMC Plant Biol, 2016, 16(1):213. doi: 10.1186/s12870-016-0905-2 [28] REMANS T, SMEETS K, OPDENAKKER K, et al. Normalisation of real-time RT-PCR gene expression measurements in Arabidopsis thaliana exposed to increased metal concentrations[J]. Planta, 2008, 227(6):1343-1349. doi: 10.1007/s00425-008-0706-4 [29] WATERMAN P G. Roles for secondary metabolites in plants[J]. Ciba Found Symp, 1992, 171:255-269. [30] AN J P, LI R, QU F J, et al. R2R3-MYB transcription factor MdMYB23 is involved in the cold tolerance and proanthocyanidin accumulation in apple[J]. Plant J, 2018, 96(3):562-577. doi: 10.1111/tpj.14050 [31] JAIN M, NIJHAWAN A, ARORA R, et al. F-box proteins in rice. Genome-wide analysis, classification, temporal and spatial gene expression during panicle and seed development, and regulation by light and abiotic stress[J]. Plant Physiol, 2007, 143(4):1467-1483. doi: 10.1104/pp.106.091900 [32] JIA Q, XIAO Z X, WONG F L, et al. Genome-wide analyses of the soybean f-box gene family in response to salt stress[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2017, 18(4):818. [33] KURODA H, TAKAHASHI N, SHIMADA H, et al. Classification and expression analysis of Arabidopsis F-box-containing protein genes[J]. Plant Cell Physiol, 2002, 43(10):1073-1085. doi: 10.1093/pcp/pcf151 [34] 左蓉, 吴姗, 刘杰, 等. 油菜F-box-LRR基因全基因组鉴定与核盘菌诱导应答分析[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2022, 44(3):503-514. [35] CHANG W, QIAO Q, LI Q, et al. Non-transcriptional regulatory activity of SMAX1 and SMXL2 mediates karrikin-regulated seedling response to red light in Arabidopsis[J]. Mol Plant, 2024, 17(7):1054-1072. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2024.05.007 [36] NIBAU C, GIBBS D J, BUNTING K A, et al. ARABIDILLO proteins have a novel and conserved domain structure important for the regulation of their stability[J]. Plant Mol Biol, 2011, 75(1-2):77-92. doi: 10.1007/s11103-010-9709-1 [37] GIBBS D J, VOSS U, HARDING S A, et al. AtMYB93 is a novel negative regulator of lateral root development in Arabidopsis[J]. New Phytol, 2014, 203(4):1194-1207. doi: 10.1111/nph.12879 [38] DING Z J, XU C, YAN J Y, et al. The LRR receptor-like kinase ALR1 is a plant aluminum ion sensor[J]. Cell Res, 2024, 34(4):281-294. doi: 10.1038/s41422-023-00915-y [39] ZHU S, PAN L, VU L D, et al. Phosphoproteome analyses pinpoint the F-box protein SLOW MOTION as a regulator of warm temperature-mediated hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis[J]. New Phytol, 2024, 241(2):687-702. doi: 10.1111/nph.19383 [40] PAN T, GAO S, CUI X, et al. APC/CCDC20 targets SCFFBL17 to activate replication stress responses in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 2023, 35(2):910-923. doi: 10.1093/plcell/koac360 [41] van den BURG H A, TSITSIGIANNIS D I, ROWLAND O, et al. The F-box protein ACRE189/ACIF1 regulates cell death and defense responses activated during pathogen recognition in tobacco and tomato[J]. Plant Cell, 2008, 20(3):697-719. doi: 10.1105/tpc.107.056978