Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness

XIONG Juan; LU Hui; WANG Rong; JIA Zhengping

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001

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Volume 35 Issue 2

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Article Navigation > Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service > 2017 > 35(2): 97-101

XIONG Juan, LU Hui, WANG Rong, JIA Zhengping. Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2017, 35(2): 97-101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001

Citation:

XIONG Juan, LU Hui, WANG Rong, JIA Zhengping. Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical Practice and Service, 2017, 35(2): 97-101. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001

Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001

Key Laboratory of the Plateau of Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received Date: 2016-08-30
Rev Recd Date: 2016-11-07

Abstract

Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a self-limiting medical condition characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and insomnia. AMS usually occurs after rapid ascent to high altitudes in non-altitude acclimatized individuals. Extensive studies have been done on AMS, but knowledge on the mechanism, prevention and treatment are still limited. It will help the prevention and treatment of AMS with deep understanding of its risk factors and mechanisms. In this article, we systematically reviewed the diagnosis, risk factors, developing mechanisms, preventions and treatments of AMS.
- acute mountain sickness (AMS),
- high altitude,
- prevention and treatment of AMS

References

[1]	Bartsch P,Swenson ER. Clinical practice:Acute high-altitude illnesses[J]. N Engl J Med,2013,368(24):2294-2302.
[2]	Gonggalanzi,Labasangzhu,Nafstad P,et al. Acute mountain sickness among tourists visiting the high-altitude city of Lhasa at 3658 m above sea level:a cross-sectional study[J]. Arch Public Health,2016,74(1):1-7.
[3]	Fruhauf A,Burtscher M,Pocecco E,et al. Subjective assessment of acute mountain sickness:investigating the relationship between the Lake Louise Self-Report,a visual analogue scale and psychological well-being scales[J]. Springerplus,2016,5(1):1646.
[4]	Wu J,Chen Y,Luo Y. Evaluation of the visual analog score (VAS) to assess acute mountain sickness (AMS) in a hypobaric chamber[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(11):e113376.
[5]	Fiore DC,Hall S,Shoja P. Altitude illness:risk factors,prevention,presentation,and treatment[J]. Am Fam Physician,2010,82(9):1103-1110.
[6]	Richalet JP,Larmignat P,Poitrine E,et al. Physiological risk factors for severe high-altitude illness:a prospective cohort study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2012,185(2):192-198.
[7]	DiPasquale DM,Muza SR,Gunn AM,et al. Evidence for cerebral edema,cerebral perfusion,and intracranial pressure elevations in acute mountain sickness[J]. Brain Behav,2016,6(3):e00437.
[8]	Fischer R,Vollmar C,Thiere M,et al. No evidence of cerebral oedema in severe acute mountain sickness[J]. Cephalalgia,2004,24(1):66-71.
[9]	Bailey DM,Roukens R,Knauth M,et al. Free radical-mediated damage to barrier function is not associated with altered brain morphology in high-altitude headache[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2006,26(1):99-111.
[10]	Dubowitz DJ,Dyer EA,Theilmann RJ,et al. Early brain swelling in acute hypoxia[J]. J Appl Physiol,2009,107(1):244-252.
[11]	Mairer K,Gobel M,Defrancesco M,et al. MRI evidence:acute mountain sickness is not associated with cerebral edema formation during simulated high altitude[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(11):e50334.
[12]	Wilson MH,Milledge J. Direct measurement of intracranial pressure at high altitude and correlation of ventricular size with acute mountain sickness:Brian Cummins' results from the 1985 Kishtwar expedition[J]. Neurosurgery,2008,63(5):970-974; discussion 974-975.
[13]	Hackett PH,Roach RC. High-altitude illness[J]. N Engl J Med,2001,345(2):107-114.
[14]	Van Osta A,Moraine JJ,Melot C,et al. Effects of high altitude exposure on cerebral hemodynamics in normal subjects[J]. Stroke,2005,36(3):557-560.
[15]	Julian CG,Subudhi AW,Hill RC,et al. Exploratory proteomic analysis of hypobaric hypoxia and acute mountain sickness in humans[J]. J Appl Physiol,2014,116(7):937-944.
[16]	Lopez JI,Holdridge A,Mendizabal JE. Altitude headache[J]. Curr Pain Headache Rep,2013,17(12):383.
[17]	Wilson MH,Davagnanam I,Holland G,et al. Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache[J]. Ann Neurol,2013,73(3):381-389.
[18]	Wilson MH,Imray CH,Hargens AR. The headache of high altitude and microgravity——similarities with clinical syndromes of cerebral venous hypertension[J]. High Alt Med Biol,2011,12(4):379-386.
[19]	Lu H,Wang R,Xiong J,et al. In search for better pharmacological prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness:looking in other directions[J]. Acta Physiol (Oxf),2015,214(1):51-62.
[20]	Schumacker PT. Lung cell hypoxia:role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling in triggering responses[J]. Proc Am Thorac Soc,2011,8(6):477-484.
[21]	Kayser B,Dumont L,Lysakowski C,et al. Reappraisal of acetazolamide for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. High Alt Med Biol,2012,13(2):82-92.
[22]	Luks AM,McIntosh SE,Grissom CK,et al. Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness:2014 update[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2014,25(4 Suppl):S4-14.
[23]	Tang E,Chen Y,Luo Y. Dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Cardiol,2014,173(2):133-138.
[24]	Pandit A,Karmacharya P,Pathak R,et al. Efficacy of NSAIDs for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect,2014,4(4).
[25]	Lipman GS,Kanaan NC. Ibuprofen for prevention of acute mountain sickness:is bigger really better[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2013,24(2):177-178.
[26]	Sun L,Ding MJ,Cai TC,et al. Development and preliminary test of a new plateau hyperbaric chamber[J]. Am J Emerg Med,2015,33(10):1497-1500.
[27]	Shah NM,Hussain S,Cooke M,et al. Wilderness medicine at high altitude:recent developments in the field[J]. OAJSM,2015,6:319-328.
[28]	Grissom CK,Roach RC,Sarnquist FH,et al. Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mountain sickness:Clinical efficacy and effect on gas exchange[J]. Ann Intern Med,1992,116(6):461-465.
[29]	Swenson ER. Pharmacology of acute mountain sickness:Old drugs and newer thinking[J]. J Appl Physiol,2016,120(2):204-215.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness

Key Laboratory of the Plateau of Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, China

Received Date: 2016-08-30

Rev Recd Date: 2016-11-07

Key words:

Abstract: Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a self-limiting medical condition characterized by headache, nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and insomnia. AMS usually occurs after rapid ascent to high altitudes in non-altitude acclimatized individuals. Extensive studies have been done on AMS, but knowledge on the mechanism, prevention and treatment are still limited. It will help the prevention and treatment of AMS with deep understanding of its risk factors and mechanisms. In this article, we systematically reviewed the diagnosis, risk factors, developing mechanisms, preventions and treatments of AMS.

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Reference (29)

[1]	Bartsch P,Swenson ER. Clinical practice:Acute high-altitude illnesses[J]. N Engl J Med,2013,368(24):2294-2302.
[2]	Gonggalanzi,Labasangzhu,Nafstad P,et al. Acute mountain sickness among tourists visiting the high-altitude city of Lhasa at 3658 m above sea level:a cross-sectional study[J]. Arch Public Health,2016,74(1):1-7.
[3]	Fruhauf A,Burtscher M,Pocecco E,et al. Subjective assessment of acute mountain sickness:investigating the relationship between the Lake Louise Self-Report,a visual analogue scale and psychological well-being scales[J]. Springerplus,2016,5(1):1646.
[4]	Wu J,Chen Y,Luo Y. Evaluation of the visual analog score (VAS) to assess acute mountain sickness (AMS) in a hypobaric chamber[J]. PLoS One,2014,9(11):e113376.
[5]	Fiore DC,Hall S,Shoja P. Altitude illness:risk factors,prevention,presentation,and treatment[J]. Am Fam Physician,2010,82(9):1103-1110.
[6]	Richalet JP,Larmignat P,Poitrine E,et al. Physiological risk factors for severe high-altitude illness:a prospective cohort study[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2012,185(2):192-198.
[7]	DiPasquale DM,Muza SR,Gunn AM,et al. Evidence for cerebral edema,cerebral perfusion,and intracranial pressure elevations in acute mountain sickness[J]. Brain Behav,2016,6(3):e00437.
[8]	Fischer R,Vollmar C,Thiere M,et al. No evidence of cerebral oedema in severe acute mountain sickness[J]. Cephalalgia,2004,24(1):66-71.
[9]	Bailey DM,Roukens R,Knauth M,et al. Free radical-mediated damage to barrier function is not associated with altered brain morphology in high-altitude headache[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab,2006,26(1):99-111.
[10]	Dubowitz DJ,Dyer EA,Theilmann RJ,et al. Early brain swelling in acute hypoxia[J]. J Appl Physiol,2009,107(1):244-252.
[11]	Mairer K,Gobel M,Defrancesco M,et al. MRI evidence:acute mountain sickness is not associated with cerebral edema formation during simulated high altitude[J]. PLoS One,2012,7(11):e50334.
[12]	Wilson MH,Milledge J. Direct measurement of intracranial pressure at high altitude and correlation of ventricular size with acute mountain sickness:Brian Cummins' results from the 1985 Kishtwar expedition[J]. Neurosurgery,2008,63(5):970-974; discussion 974-975.
[13]	Hackett PH,Roach RC. High-altitude illness[J]. N Engl J Med,2001,345(2):107-114.
[14]	Van Osta A,Moraine JJ,Melot C,et al. Effects of high altitude exposure on cerebral hemodynamics in normal subjects[J]. Stroke,2005,36(3):557-560.
[15]	Julian CG,Subudhi AW,Hill RC,et al. Exploratory proteomic analysis of hypobaric hypoxia and acute mountain sickness in humans[J]. J Appl Physiol,2014,116(7):937-944.
[16]	Lopez JI,Holdridge A,Mendizabal JE. Altitude headache[J]. Curr Pain Headache Rep,2013,17(12):383.
[17]	Wilson MH,Davagnanam I,Holland G,et al. Cerebral venous system and anatomical predisposition to high-altitude headache[J]. Ann Neurol,2013,73(3):381-389.
[18]	Wilson MH,Imray CH,Hargens AR. The headache of high altitude and microgravity——similarities with clinical syndromes of cerebral venous hypertension[J]. High Alt Med Biol,2011,12(4):379-386.
[19]	Lu H,Wang R,Xiong J,et al. In search for better pharmacological prophylaxis for acute mountain sickness:looking in other directions[J]. Acta Physiol (Oxf),2015,214(1):51-62.
[20]	Schumacker PT. Lung cell hypoxia:role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species signaling in triggering responses[J]. Proc Am Thorac Soc,2011,8(6):477-484.
[21]	Kayser B,Dumont L,Lysakowski C,et al. Reappraisal of acetazolamide for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. High Alt Med Biol,2012,13(2):82-92.
[22]	Luks AM,McIntosh SE,Grissom CK,et al. Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of acute altitude illness:2014 update[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2014,25(4 Suppl):S4-14.
[23]	Tang E,Chen Y,Luo Y. Dexamethasone for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Cardiol,2014,173(2):133-138.
[24]	Pandit A,Karmacharya P,Pathak R,et al. Efficacy of NSAIDs for the prevention of acute mountain sickness:a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect,2014,4(4).
[25]	Lipman GS,Kanaan NC. Ibuprofen for prevention of acute mountain sickness:is bigger really better[J]. Wilderness Environ Med,2013,24(2):177-178.
[26]	Sun L,Ding MJ,Cai TC,et al. Development and preliminary test of a new plateau hyperbaric chamber[J]. Am J Emerg Med,2015,33(10):1497-1500.
[27]	Shah NM,Hussain S,Cooke M,et al. Wilderness medicine at high altitude:recent developments in the field[J]. OAJSM,2015,6:319-328.
[28]	Grissom CK,Roach RC,Sarnquist FH,et al. Acetazolamide in the treatment of acute mountain sickness:Clinical efficacy and effect on gas exchange[J]. Ann Intern Med,1992,116(6):461-465.
[29]	Swenson ER. Pharmacology of acute mountain sickness:Old drugs and newer thinking[J]. J Appl Physiol,2016,120(2):204-215.

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Research progress on prevention and treatment of acute mountain sickness

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-0111.2017.02.001

Abstract

References

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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