[1] IDF DIABETES ATLAS, 9TH EDITION. Brussels; 2019. International Diabetes Federation.
[2] 中华医学会糖尿病学分会. 中国2型糖尿病防治指南(2017年版)[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2018, 10(1):44-67.
[3]

GOLDFINE A B. Assessing the cardiovascular safety of diabetes therapies[J]. N Engl J Med,2008,359(11):1092-1095. doi:  10.1056/NEJMp0805758
[4]

BAKRIS G L, FONSECA V A, SHARMA K, et al. Renal sodium-glucose transport: role in diabetes mellitus and potential clinical implications[J]. Kidney Int,2009,75(12):1272-1277. doi:  10.1038/ki.2009.87
[5]

ZINMAN B, WANNER C, LACHIN J M, et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,373(22):2117-2128. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1504720
[6]

NEAL B, PERKOVIC V, MAHAFFEY K W, et al. Canagli- flozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2017,377(7):644-657. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1611925
[7]

WIVIOTT S D, RAZ I, BONACA M P, et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2019,380(4):347-357. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1812389
[8]

ZELNIKER T A, WIVIOTT S D, RAZ I, et al. SGLT2 inhibi- tors for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials[J]. Lancet,2019,393(10166):31-39. doi:  10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32590-X
[9]

ARNOTT C, LI Q, KANG A, et al. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Am Heart Assoc,2020,9(3):e014908.
[10]

TOYAMA T, NEUEN B L, JUN M, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on cardiovascular, renal and safety outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2019,21(5):1237-1250. doi:  10.1111/dom.13648
[11]

KOSIBOROD M, CAVENDER M A, FU A Z, et al. Lower risk of heart failure and death in patients initiated on sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs the CVD-REAL study (comparative effectiveness of cardiovascular outcomes in new users of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors)[J]. Circulation,2017,136(3):249-259. doi:  10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029190
[12]

KOSIBOROD M, LAM C S P, KOHSAKA S, et al. Cardiovascular events associated with SGLT-2 inhibitors versus other glucose-lowering drugs: the CVD-REAL 2 study[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2018,71(23):2628-2639. doi:  10.1016/j.jacc.2018.03.009
[13]

RYAN P B, BUSE J B, SCHUEMIE M J, et al. Comparative effectiveness of canagliflozin, SGLT2 inhibitors and non-SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of hospitalization for heart failure and amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a real-world meta-analysis of 4 observational databases (OBSERVE-4D)[J]. Diabetes Obes Metab,2018,20(11):2585-2597. doi:  10.1111/dom.13424
[14]

PATORNO E, PAWAR A, FRANKLIN J, et al. Empagliflozin and the risk of heart failure hospitalization in routine clinical care: a first analysis from the empagliflozin comparative effec- tiveness and safety (EMPRISE) Study[J]. Circulation,2019,139(25):2822-2830. doi:  10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039177
[15]

MAYO K E, MILLER L J, BATAILLE D, et al. International union of pharmacology. XXXV. The glucagon receptor family[J]. Pharmacol Rev,2003,55(1):167-194. doi:  10.1124/pr.55.1.6
[16]

BAN K, NOYAN-ASHRAF M H, HOEFER J, et al. Cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor are mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and independent pathways[J]. Circulation,2008,117(18):2340-2350. doi:  10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938
[17]

MARSO S P, DANIELS G H, BROWN-FRANDSEN K, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2016,375(4):311-322. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1603827
[18]

MARSO S P, BAIN S C, CONSOLI A, et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2016,375:1834-1844. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1607141
[19]

HOLMAN R R, BETHEL M A, MENTZ R J, et al. Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2017,377(13):1228-1239. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1612917
[20]

PFEFFER M A, CLAGGETT B, DIAZ R, et al. Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome[J]. N Engl J Med,2015,373(23):2247-2257. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa1509225
[21]

BETHEL M A, PATEL R A, MERRILL P, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endo,2018,6(2):105-113. doi:  10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30412-6
[22]

KRISTENSEN S L, RORTH R, JHUND P S, et al. Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor ago- nists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endo,2019,7(10):776-785. doi:  10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30249-9
[23]

MIRANI M, FAVACCHIO G, SERONE E, et al. Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in a real world type 2 diabetes cohort[J]. Pharmacol Res,2018,137:270-279. doi:  10.1016/j.phrs.2018.09.003
[24]

TOULIS K A, HANIF W, SARAVANAN P, et al. All-cause mortality in patients with diabetes under glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists: a population-based, open cohort study[J]. Diabetes Metab,2017,43(3):211-216. doi:  10.1016/j.diabet.2017.02.003
[25]

AMERICAN DIABETES ASSOCIATION. Standards of medi- cal care in diabetes-2020[J]. Diabetes Care,2020,43(Suppl 1):S1-S212.
[26]

TÄGER T, ATAR D, AGEWALL S, et al. Comparative effi- cacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. Heart Fail Rev,2020. doi:  10.1007/s10741-020-09954-8
[27]

YAMI M S A, ALFAYEZ O M, ALSHEIKH R, et al. Update in cardiovascular safety of glucagon like peptide-1 receptor ago- nists in patients with type 2 diabetes. a mixed treatment compari- son meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. Heart Lung Circ,2018,27(11):1301-1309. doi:  10.1016/j.hlc.2018.03.018
[28]

FEI Y, TSOI M F, CHEUNG B M Y. Cardiovascular outcomes in trials of new antidiabetic drug classes: a network meta-analysis[J]. Cardiovasc Diabetol,2019,18(1):112. doi:  10.1186/s12933-019-0916-z
[29]

ZHENG S L, RODDICK A J, AGHAR-JAFFAR R, et al. Association between use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibi- tors, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors with all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. JAMA,2018,319(15):1580-1591. doi:  10.1001/jama.2018.3024
[30]

ADVANCE COLLABORATIVE GROUP, PATEL A, MAC- MAHON S, et al. Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes[J]. N Engl J Med,2008,358(24):2560-2572. doi:  10.1056/NEJMoa0802987